莲花湖库区几种主要林型水文功能的分析和评价

对莲花湖库区流域人工林主要林型的降水截持效益、林地和荒草地枯落物层持水性能、土壤层物理性状及其蓄水效益进行了研究。结果表明：红松人工林、落叶松人工林和杂木林林冠截留率分别为34.83%,13.05%,19.61%,树干茎流率分别为6.79%,0.58%,4.01%,穿透率分别为58.37%,86.18%,77.66%。兴安落叶松林、红松林、杂木林和荒草地枯落物层最大持水率分别为278.2%,295.3%,260.3%,154.8%。莲花湖库区不同植被类型下枯落物持水能力为红松林最好,荒草地最差。各林型土壤最大蓄水量变化范围为1 838.6-2 186.3t/hm^2,依次为落叶松林〉杂木林〉红松林〉荒草地;从土层厚度来说,土壤入渗速率随土层厚度的下移表现出逐步降低的趋势,即空间特征表现出土层上部〉中部〉下部。以坡面径流观测场为观测手段,分析了4个径流小区产流产沙与降雨因子的相关关系,结果表明,场降雨产流量和产沙量与降雨量和雨强均呈良好的相关关系。

Analysis and Evaluation on Hydrological Function of Different Forest Types in Lianhua Lake Reservoir Area

Researching on the canopy precipitation interception,litter layer water-holding capacity,soil physical property and water holding capacity of main artificial forest type and waste grassland in Lianhua lake reservoir area.The results indicate that the canopy interception were 34.83%,13.05%,19.61%,the stem-flow were 6.79%,0.58%,4.01%,the throughfall were 58.37%,86.18%,77.66% of Korean pine,Larch,weed trees,respectively.The maximum water retention percentage of litter layers was 278.2%,295.3%,260.3%,154.8% of Larix gmelinii plantations,Pinus koraiensis,weed trees,waste grassland,respectively.The result shows that the litter layers of Pinus koraiensis had the best water absorption capacity and the waste grassland had the worst in different vegetations in Lianhua lake catchments.The maximum water storage in different forest type varied from 1 838.6~2 186.3 t/hm2,and the order was Larch> weed trees> Korean pine >waste grassland;In the matter of soil layer thickness,it manifested a tendency of lowering in soil infiltration rate with the drop layer.In other words,the spatial characteristics of soil infiltration rate along the soil layer is up layer>middle layer> down layer.By using runoff plots,this paper discussed the correlation between runoff generation and sediment generation and interception factor in 4 runoff plots.The results showed that runoff generation yield and sediment yield generation had a significant correlation with rainfall and its intensity.