New Trends in Pioneer Hi-Bred International,Inc.'s Communication with Rural America

ABSTRACT

Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. is a major agribusiness company that communicates in a variety of ways with its rural customers. The following methods are discussed: face-to-face, print media, radio and television, printed materials, telecommunications, on disk, and satellite communication. In addition, key communication trends are identified.     

论我国苹果品种的更新问题

‘国光’、‘金冠’、‘红星’、‘倭巾’、‘青香蕉’、‘大国光’等是我国主要栽培的苹果品种:其中‘国光’在辽宁省占比重60%—70%,在山东及黄河故道地区占30%—40%,虽然‘国光’在辽东半岛和胶东半岛适应性强、产量高、耐贮藏,但果个小,着色差在国际市场上缺乏竞争力,而且在黄河故道地区裂果严重,急需进行更新,‘金冠’、‘红星’贮藏性差、‘倭巾’、‘青香蕉’、‘大国光’品质不良,作者根据苹果发展趋势和我国具体条件提出一套更新品种组合.认为‘红富士’、‘华冠’(‘金冠’ב富士’)和‘华帅’(‘富士’ב新红星’)应是我国今后主要更新的品种,三者在生产中所占比重应在80%—90%,后两个品种,一个可代替‘金冠’,一个则代替‘红星’.     

我国棉花遗传育种进展与展望

本文分析了国内外棉花育种的现状及原棉品质类型多样化、抗性育种目标不断提高、品质分布生态区域差异受到重视,利用杂种优势的范围逐步扩大、多用途类型品种深入研究五大发展趋势,从品种改良和品种更换的角度阐明了我国棉花育种的七个重要阶段和目前存在的三个热点问题,提出了我国棉花育种的新思路及对策。     

Threshold responses of songbirds to long-term timber management on an active industrial forest

Forest managers often seek to balance economic benefits from timber harvesting with maintenance of habitat for wildlife, ecosystem function, and human uses. Most research on the relationship between avian abundance and active timber management has been short-term, lasting one to two years, creating the need to investigate long-term avian responses and to identify harvest thresholds when a small change in habitat results in a disproportionate response in relative abundance and nest success. Our objectives were to identify trends in relative abundance and nest success and to identify landscape-scale disturbance thresholds for avian species and habitat guilds in response to a variety of harvest treatments (clear-cuts, heavy and light partial harvests) over 14 years. We conducted point counts and monitored nests at an industrial forest in the central Appalachians of West Virginia during 1996-1998, 2001-2003, and 2007-2009. Early successional species increased in relative abundance across all three time periods, whereas interior-edge and forest-interior guilds peaked in relative abundance mid-study after which the forest-interior guild declined. Of 41 species with >10 detections, four (10%) declined significantly, 13 (32%) increased significantly (only three species among all periods), and 9 (22%) peaked in abundance mid-study (over the entire study period, four species had no significant change in abundance, four declined, and one increased). Based on piecewise linear models, forest-interior and interior-edge guilds’ relative abundance harvest thresholds were 28% total harvests (all harvests combined), 10% clear-cut harvests, and 18% light partial harvests, after which abundances declined. Harvest thresholds for the early successional guild were 42% total harvests, 11% clear-cut harvest, and 10% light partial harvests, and relative abundances increased after surpassing thresholds albeit at a reduced rate of increase after the clear-cut threshold. Threshold confidence intervals for individual species overlapped their guild threshold intervals 91% of the time. Even though relative abundance of most species (80%) did not decline as the area affected by timber management increased, implementing management at or below our approximate forest-interior and interior-edge harvest thresholds would reduce the number of declining species by half, maintain higher relative abundances of four species with a net decline in abundance but that peaked in abundance mid-study, and maintain higher relative abundances of ten additional species. In contrast, this management strategy also would prevent the increase in relative abundance of seven species and limit the increase in abundance of three species that increased throughout the study.     

Surface ozone concentrations and exposures during growing season at the Lithuanian rural site

The surface ozone (O₃) data show an increase by 2.6 % per year during the period 1982–1994 at the rural site of Lithuania. WHO (World Health Organization), UN-ECE (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe), CES (Commission of the European Communities) guideline values for the protection of vegetation from adverse effects are exceeded during the growing season at the Preila coastal station. Ozone exposures for different concentration threshold are estimated during daylight hours in April-September. These values above 60 g/m³ varied between 10 000 and 43 000 (g/m³) ·h, above 80 g/m³ — between 1700 and 15 000 (g/m³) ·h, above 100 g/m³ — between 130 and 3700 (g/m³) ·h during separate years. Maximum hourly ozone values were observed from 116 to 228 g/m³ during this period.     

固体栽培基质研究、开发现状及发展趋势

随着无土栽培和穴盘育苗技术的广泛应用,固体基质的需求量日益增大,基质市场迅速壮大,栽培基质的开发和应用已成为重要的研究领域.该文在分析栽培基质应用和市场前景的基础上,综述了国内外栽培基质材料开发、基质合成、性状研究与改良的现状,及已取得的主要成果和存在的问题,指出了栽培基质今后的发展趋势.     

沿海经济快速发展地区耕地保护策略研究——以浙江省平湖市为例

从平湖市的经济快速增长与耕地资源短缺一对现实矛盾出发,分析了目前经济快速发展地区耕地保护的难点,并提出了耕地保护的长期发展策略和近期对策.     

城市绿地系统规划中的若干趋势

城市化速度加快,使城市及周围地区的环境每况愈下。城市绿地系统作为城市生态系统的还原组织,已受到全球的普遍关注。21世纪的城市绿地系统规划在延续历史的同时,有了突飞猛进的发展。对当前城市绿地系统规划存在的问题进行了归纳总结,探讨了现今城市绿地系统规划的发展趋势。     

Demonstrating decline of an iconic species under sustained indigenous harvest – The pig-nosed turtle (Carettochelys insculpta) in Papua New Guinea

Papua New Guinea has astonishing biological and cultural diversity which, coupled with a strong community reliance on the land and its biota for subsistence, add complexity to monitoring and conservation and in particular, the demonstration of declines in wildlife populations. Many species of concern are long-lived which provides additional challenges for conservation. We provide, for the first time, concrete evidence of a substantive decline in populations of the pig-nosed turtle (Carettochelys insculpta); an important source of protein for local communities. Our study combined matched village and market surveys separated by 30 years, trends in nesting female size, and assessment of levels and efficacy of harvest, each of which was an essential ingredient to making a definitive assessment of population trends. Opportunities for an effective response by local communities to these declines needs to consider both conservation and fisheries perspectives because local communities consider the turtle a food resource, whereas the broader global community views it as a high priority for conservation. Our study in the Kikori region is representative of harvest regimes in most rivers within the range of the species in Papua New Guinea, and provides lessons for conservation of many other wildlife species subject to harvest.     

新疆近50年沙尘暴灾害变化趋势分析

采用新疆88个气象站近50年的气象资料,分析新疆沙尘暴时空分布特征、年际和年内演变趋势及年际演变的影响因素。结果显示：新疆沙尘暴近50年以来空间分布特征是南疆多于北疆,南疆多发时期4-10月,北疆多发时期3-9月;年际演变趋势20世纪80年代以来较60、70年代都有所减少;80年代以后虽然沙尘暴发生日数减少,但是沙尘暴...