河北省饲料螨初步调查

从沧州、保定、承德三个地区采集的鸡配合饲料、猪配合饲料、豆粕、鱼粉等144个饲料样品中分离得到椭圆食粉螨（Aleuroglyphus ovatus)。调查结果表明，河北省3个地区均已受到不同程度的螨害污染，沧州、保定地区污染较重，承德地区污染较好。而且，潮湿多雨季节和饲料储放不当螨害污染严重。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定畜禽饲料中氯霉素类药物含量

[目的]建立一种畜禽饲料中氯霉素、甲砜霉素和氟苯尼考的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测方法,为监控畜禽饲料中违法添加该类药物提供方法指导,保障动物源食品安全.[方法]饲料粉碎后,经碱性乙酸乙酯提取,正己烷除脂,Sep-Pak C18固相萃取柱净化,Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18色谱柱分离,采用乙腈和水为流动相,并用梯度洗脱来提高对3种药物的分离能力.分别以ds-氯霉素、d3-甲砜霉素和d3-氟苯尼考为内标,采用负离子多反应监测模式,6个特征离子通道(m/z:321→152,257;354→185,290;356→185,336)用于氯霉素、甲砜霉素和氟苯尼考的定性和定量检测.[结果]3种氯霉素类药物在1～20 μg·kg-1范围内线性良好,相关系数均大于0.99,方法检测限为0.1μg· kg一,定量限为0.3 μg·kg-1.3个加标水平(1、2和5 μg· kg-1)的平均回收率为81.41％～ 112.88％,日内精密度为1.24％～ 12.92％,日间精密度为0.64％～13.09％.[结论]试验结果完全符合氯霉素类药物检测的相关法规要求,适用于畜禽饲料中氯霉素类药物的定性定量检测.     

Proteolysis by juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) gastrointestinal enzymes as a method for the evaluation of feed proteins

Protein digestibility by gastrointestinal homogenates of Dicentrarchus labrax, was investigated in 5 feeds in relation to their amino acids composition and their ability to sustain growth of D. labrax post larval juveniles. Gastric proteolysis was found to contribute <25% of the total proteolytic capacity. Correlation was found between intestinal proteolytic capacity and the feed protein content of three pairs of amino acids. The sum of basic amino acids, arginine + lysine in the feed protein exhibited a positive correlation with susceptibility to proteolysis. The sum of the acid amino acids glycine and proline showed a negative correlation.Comparison of the intestinal proteolytic enzymatic activities in 3 growth stages of this species revealed similar profiles. Post larval and large juveniles had similar proteolytic capacities when compared on the basis of equal activity on an artificial substrate of Trypsin. Specific growth rates of post larval fish fed on these 5 feeds correlated positively with their protein digestibility as measured with large juvenile's intestinal homogenates. The results suggest that in this species, the efficiency of feeds in sustaining growth at the post larval stage can be estimated by measuring the feed protein digestibility by the proteolytic system of larger sized juveniles.     

饵料中添加西玛对泥鳅生长影响的研究

以市场购回的泥鳅为材料，用普通人工配合饲料添加西玛进行喂养试验。结果表明：西玛作为饵料矿物元素添加剂对泥鳅生长有促进作用，与对照组比较，可大幅度地提高增重率，降低饵料系数。泥鳅在不同的生长阶段所需要添加西玛的量不同。在粉状干饵料中，４．５￣５．５ｇ体重阶段的泥鳅以添加５％为宜，６．５￣７．５ｇ体重阶段以添加１％为宜；在发酵饵料中，０．５￣１．５ｇ体重阶段泥鳅以添加３％为宜；４．５￣５．５display st     

提高草坪草屑饲料利用率的研究

为了提高草坪草屑的饲料利用率 ,采用经加工处理后的草坪草屑饲喂肉用兔 ,根据肉用兔的采食量、增重、饲料报酬及盈利情况进行比较分析 ,确定草坪干草粉为草坪草屑最佳的饲喂状态 ,草坪干草粉占肉用兔日粮的 30 %最佳     

一龄草鱼对锰的需要量

饲料中锰未添加组的草鱼生长和饲料效率降低，畸形率增加，随着饲料中锰含量的增加，椎骨中锰含量也逐渐增加。当饲料中锰添加量到15mg／kg饲料以上时，椎骨锰含量达到最大并趋于相对稳定。锰未添加组草鱼的比肝重，肝脂量明显高于锰添加组，锰未添加组血浆中破性磷酸酶活性比锰添加组高，而草鱼血浆中红细胞，血红蛋白；红细胞压积，红细胞体积，红细胞平均血红蛋白量，红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度，血浆总蛋白，血浆葡萄糖等，不受饲料中锰含量的影响。综合本试验结果，草鱼时饲料中锰的最适需要量为15mg／kg饲料为宜。     

哈SJ-300型饲料加工机组的研制试验

本文给出了哈SJ-300型饲料加工机组的工艺流程,该机组主要由粉碎和混合机组成,装在一起成为一个机组,两台设备可以各自单独作业,以扩大机组的适用范围。文章指出,在粉碎室内加截击板可破坏粉碎室内环流层,增进粉碎效果,度电产量提高11.2％。向粉碎机的粉碎室内增加通风,粉碎机性能得到改善,度电产量可增加11.3％。机组的混合机经试验得出如下结论: 1.随着混合时间的延长,混合物的变异系数CV值迅速下降,4分钟后CV值稳定在10％以下。2.混合机的3种转速(420、320、220转/分)做了试验。试验表明,以320转/分为最好。3.该机组从最后一种成分物料加入算起,只需运转6～8分钟。     

应用模糊线性规划优选畜禽饲料配方

运用模糊数学的原理,对饲养标准和目标函数模糊化,形成模糊线性规划,所求得的畜禽饲料配方的成本,比经典线性规划降低5%～10%,也易于得出畜禽饲料的优化配方,改善饲料的全价性。     

Functional feed assessment on Litopenaeus vannamei using 100% fish meal replacement by soybean meal, high levels of complex carbohydrates and Bacillus probiotic strains

Functional feed supplemented with alternative-economic nutrient sources (protein, carbohydrates, lipids) and probiotics are being considered in shrimp/fish aquaculture production systems as an option to increase yield and profits and to reduce water pollution. In this study the probiotic potential to formulate functional feeds have been evaluated using four dietary treatments: Treatment 1 (B + Bs); Bacillus subtilis potential probiotic strain was supplemented to a soybeanmeal (SBM)-carbohydrates (CHO) basal feed. Treatment 2 (B + Bm); Bacillus megaterium potential probiotic strain was supplemented to the same SBM-CHO basal feed. In Treatment 3 (B); SBM-CHO basal feed was not supplemented with probiotic strains. Treatment 4 (C); fishmeal commercial feed (FM) was utilized as positive control. Feeding trials evaluated the survival, growth, and food conversion ratio and stress tolerance of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) Pacific white shrimp. Best overall shrimp performance was observed for animals fed with Treatment 1 (B+Bs); additionally, stress tolerance and hemolymph metabolites also showed the best performance in this treatment. SBM-CHO basal feed not supplemented with probiotic strains (B) presented smaller growth and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR). Shrimps fed with the fishmeal commercial feed (C) presented the lowest stress tolerance to high ammonia and low oxygen levels. Specifically selected B. subtilis strains are recommended to formulate functional and economical feeds containing high levels of vegetable; protein and carbohydrates as main dietary sources in L. vannamei cultures.     

饲料添加芒果叶黄酮浸膏促进鱼类生长

为充分发挥芒果植物资源价值, 增强水产动物疾病预防能力,提高水产食品安全水平,该文将通过检测分析存活率、生长性能、饲料转化性能、机体营养组成、血液生化及免疫能力指标,研究探讨芒果叶黄酮浸膏对罗非鱼、鲤鱼和甲鱼生长的影响。试验结果表明,饲料中添加芒果叶浸膏与对照相比均明显提高罗非鱼、鲤鱼和甲鱼的生长速度,其中,添加8‰的芒果叶浸膏将罗非鱼幼苗成活率提高6.48%,亦将鲤鱼饲料系数由2.04降低至1.79。添加8‰芒果叶浸膏显著降低鲤鱼血清中胆固醇和甘油三酯含量,以及降低甲鱼血清中的脂质过氧化物-丙二醛MDA的含量,提高罗非鱼、鲤鱼和甲鱼的抗氧化能力及免疫力。研究结果可为开发天然低毒、促进罗非鱼、鲤鱼和甲鱼生长的饲用添加剂产品提供理论依据。