菠萝DNA的提取及AFLP反应体系的建立

为了应用AFLP分子标记对菠萝种资源进行种质鉴定、分类及亲缘关系等方面的研究,最重要的是要获得高质量的DNA,菠萝叶片革质化程度较高,且纤维、多糖、多酚等次生代谢物质含量较多,严重干扰DNA的抽提或影响其后的AFLP双酶切及其扩增反应,本研究以菠萝叶片为材料,利用改良CTAB法得到了39个高质量的菠萝分类群的DNA基因组,并进行了AFLP分析,得到了条带清晰、多态性好的菠萝品种指纹图谱,这为菠萝基因库的建立、优良品种选育以及亲缘关系的系列研究提供理论依据。     

苹果叶幕大小对产量的影响

以6个苹果品种为试材,进行苹果的有效负载面积与产量相关性试验.结果表明:在一定条件下,有效负载面积(EBS)越大,产量相应越高.不同纬度对不同品种的EBS和产量的影响不同.土壤中砾石含量对EBS和产量都有影响,但品种和砧木不同,EBS的减少率不同.不同品种对砾石的耐受能力不同.     

毛樱桃红色素的提取及应用研究

以东北毛樱桃为原料,用酸性食用乙醇提取制得樱桃红色素,并对该色素的应用范围进行了研究,结果表明,该色素在酸性条件下对光、热和常用食品添加剂较稳定,是一种价廉易得、安全可靠、使用方便的天然植物色素.     

贮藏条件对脱脂乳粉非酶褐变的影响研究

对脱脂乳粉在不同贮藏条件下（温度、水分活度、贮藏时间）的非酶褐变进行了实验研究，同时对贮藏温度T与脱脂乳粉玻璃化转变温度Tg的差值（T—T曲与非酶褐变指数之间的关系进行了探讨。结果表明：在较低的（T—T曲时脱脂乳粉的非酶褐变指数较小，但随着（T—T曲的增加，非酶褐变指数会迅速增加。随着贮藏温度的升高及水分活度的增加，脱脂乳粉的非酶褐变指数增大。贮藏时间对脱脂乳粉的影响很快会趋于平缓。     

Empirical relationships between land use/cover and estuarine condition in the Northeastern United States

Land–water interactions were examined in three regions in the Virginian Biogeographic Province; the southern shore of Cape Cod, Massachusetts; the Hudson/Raritan region of New York; and the eastern shore of the Delmarva (Delaware/Maryland/Virginia) Peninsula. Cumulative distribution functions were used to evaluate similarity in environmental condition among estuaries. Spatial-setting variables (location in a river, coastal lagoon, or in open waters) were associated with variation for some measures of estuarine condition. Patterns of coastal urban and agriculture gradients were measured and their relationship with indicators of estuarine condition was modeled statistically. When estuaries were pooled, the highest variation explained by spatial-setting variables was found for dissolved oxygen (DO, R ² = 0.44) and salinity (R ² = 0.58), with DO decreasing in river locations and salinity decreasing with rainfall and sampling locations near rivers. The explanatory power for the other indicator variables was low and varied from 6% to 27%. Rainfall explained some of the variation (R ² = 0.23) in total suspended solids. Moderate (0.4 < | r | < 0.7) to strong (| r | ≥ 0.7) linear associations were found between total urban area and measures of estuarine condition. Within regions, total urban area was positively associated with Silver (r = 0.59), Cadmium (r = 0.65), and Mercury (r = 0.47) in Cape Cod, and inversely related to DO (r = −0.65) in the Hudson/Raritan region. No associations were found in the Delmarva Peninsula study area. Total area of agriculture showed a moderate association with Arsenic in Cape Cod, but no other associations were found in the other two regions. Our analyses show a measurable impact of urban land use on coastal ecosystem condition over large areas of the northeastern United States. This pattern was most evident when many different landscapes were considered simultaneously. The relationship between urban development and estuarine condition were weaker within the individual regions studied. The use of land use/cover models for predicting estuarine condition is a challenging task that warrants enhancements in the type, quantity, and quality of data to improve our ability to discern relationships between anthropogenic activities on land and the condition of coastal environments.     

植物源农药中生物碱提取和纯化技术进展

生物碱是广泛存在于植物中的碱性含氮化合物,一些生物碱因其具有一定的防治病虫害等作用,成为近年来研究的热点。为了使生物碱提取率和纯度不断提高,生物碱的提取与纯化技术也在不断地改进与发展。本文综述了近年来植物源农药中生物碱在提取和纯化新技术的进展,并分析探讨新技术原理、优缺点以及发展前景。     

昆虫病原线虫共生菌5-5B培养特性及杀虫活性研究

对一株昆虫病原线虫共生菌5-5B菌株的发酵条件进行的研究结果表明,最适温度为28℃,最适起始pH7.3～7.8,最佳振荡频率160r/min,250ml三角瓶内装液40ml,接菌量为4%。5-5B菌株发酵液对小菜蛾初孵幼虫的杀虫活性研究表明,250ml三角瓶内装液40ml时,校正死亡率为62.78%;接菌量4%时,校正死亡率63.84%;起始pH7.3时,校正死亡率65.49%。     

褐飞虱不同为害状损失率测定研究

本研究旨在为褐飞虱为害损失的调查提供直观、准确的参考依据。研究表明,褐飞虱各种田间受害状都有产量损失,各症状的产量损失率为２５．８％～９４．０％。以百穗实粒干重为统计标准,Ｆ＝１８８．７０４＊＊,达极显著差异水平。ＳＳＲ多重比较,不同水稻被害状之间损失梯度明显。产量因素剖析表明,褐飞虱的为害主要是导致结实率和千粒重显著降低。文中举例说明了研究结果的应用方法。     

水貂Mustla Vison微量血DNA的提取与纯化

作者通过采取活体水貂少量血液 ( 5 0 μL) ,利用蛋白酶K消化 ,酚、氯仿法抽取DNA ,结果测量获得的数据和曲线表明 :用 5 0～ 5 0 0 μL冻存血可以获得具有一定纯度和数量的DNA ,完全可以满足RAPD分析的PCR反应所需     

热水法提取香菇多糖和茶树菇多糖研究

真菌多糖具有降血糖、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗病毒和免疫调节等多种生理功能,且对机体毒副作用小,具有广阔的开发前景。以营养价值和药用价值均较高的香菇(Lentinus edodes)、茶树菇(Agrocybe aegirit)为原料,用热水提取法在90℃、料液比1∶20(g∶m L)、提取1次、4 h的条件下,提取两种真菌多糖。结果表明,热水法提取香菇多糖的得率为9.70%,茶树菇多糖的得率为13.10%,说明茶树菇中的多糖含量高于香菇。该研究可为后续开发利用真菌多糖提供重要依据。