Virus impact at the interface of an ancient ecosystem and a recent agroecosystem: studies on three legume-infecting potyviruses in the southwest Australian floristic region

The southwest Australian floristic region (SWAFR) is an internationally recognized 'hot spot' of global biodiversity and has an endangered flora. It represents a unique interface between an ancient ecosystem and a recent agroecosystem, providing the opportunity to investigate encounters where the recipient of the virus is an introduced crop and the donor a native plant and vice versa. Phylogenetic analysis of the virus coat-protein genes was used to study isolates of three potyviruses representing different 'new encounter' scenarios at this interface. The incidence, symptomatology, host range, non-persistent aphid transmission and considerable genetic diversity of the first indigenous virus described from the SWAFR, where it infects the native legume Hardenbergia comptoniana , and its potential to damage lupin, a locally important, newly introduced cultivated grain legume, was studied. The name Hardenbergia mosaic virus is proposed for this virus. Two other examples of 'new encounter' scenarios involving other legume-infecting potyviruses studied were: Passion fruit woodiness virus , which has been found only in Australasia, where it damages recently introduced species of Passiflora and legumes; and Bean yellow mosaic virus, which is not indigenous to Australia and was introduced recently to the SWAFR, where it infects a number of introduced legumes, but also damages the local native legume Kennedia prostrata . Isolates of the former had considerable genetic diversity consistent with the virus being indigenous, while isolates of the latter virus from K. prostrata had a low genetic diversity consistent with recent arrival. This research illustrates how introduced viruses can damage indigenous plants and indigenous viruses can damage introduced cultivated plants within this unique ecosystem, and how human activities can facilitate damaging 'new encounters' between plants and viruses.     

油菜内生生防菌BY-2在油菜体内的定殖与对油菜菌核病的防治作用

 从油菜植株体内分离出的内生细菌BY-2,经过生物学鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。用BY-2回接油菜,重新分离到具有BY-2相同形态特征和抑制病原真菌能力的内生菌株。油菜接种后的第10 d,体内的BY-2菌数达(2.24~9.02)×10³ cfu/g鲜植株,25 d仍然保持在(3.13~8.59)×10³ cfu/g鲜植株。BY-2与油菜核盘菌[Sclerotinia sclerotiorum(Lib.) de Bary]对峙培养可以形成直径为3.1 cm的抑菌圈;可使油菜核盘菌菌丝细胞浓缩变短,细胞壁破裂,原生质外溢,从而抑制真菌生长发育;同时还能抑制菌核的萌发,抑制率达60%~70%;在油菜离体叶片试验中,BY-2对菌核病的防治效果达100%。     

我国外来林业有害生物发生现状及趋势分析

本文分析了我国外来林业有害生物的种类、发生危害状况、传播扩散特点以及对林业生产和生态的影响，并对未来的发生趋势进行了预测。     

变叶海棠变异类型的初步研究

应用形象化散点图研究变叶海棠的起源和进化。结果表明,其变异类型可能系变叶海棠和陇东海棠或花叶海棠之间的天然杂交种,该假设需要用现代新方法来证实。     

岱海游乐场孔孢粉分析及其2500年来古气候演化

本文通过对岱海游乐场钻孔剖面沉积物孢粉的定性、半定量分析,并结合岩性、岩相变化,初步恢复了该地区２５００年来古植被、古气候演化过程。研究结果表明,岱海湖盆自２５００年来植被类型有典型草原—灌丛草原—森林草原—灌丛草原的演化过程,古气候有较暖湿—较暖干—较冷干—较冷湿—较冷干的变化过程。     

风沙流研究的历史、现状及其趋势

本文扼要回顾了风沙流的研究历史;简明评述了颗粒运动特征、风沙流结构、输沙率模型、起沙风模型、表面气流变化、风沙两相流等研究现状内容;就目前研究中存在的问题、研究趋势等方面作了探讨。     

云南省水稻稻瘟病菌无毒基因AVR-Pia变异及水稻抗性基因Pia的有效性

为进一步了解田间稻瘟病菌Magnaporthe oryzae群体中AVR-Pia基因的分布及变异,利用水稻单基因系IRBLa-C水稻品种对自云南省13个市(州)采集分离得到的471株稻瘟病菌菌株进行抗性基因Pia有效性测定;利用无毒基因AVR-Pia特异性标记对471株稻瘟病菌菌株进行PCR检测和测序,并分析稻瘟病菌群体中无毒基因AVR-Pia的分布及DNA结构变异;利用有效性结果和PCR检测结果对471株菌株进行反应型划分,筛选鉴定菌株;利用鉴定菌株对云南省112份地方稻种进行Pia基因鉴定。结果表明,在471株稻瘟病菌菌株中,对含有Pia基因的水稻单基因系IRBLa-C表现为抗病和感病的菌株数分别为139株和332株,所占比例分别为29.5%和70.5%;在471株稻瘟病菌菌株中,分别有244株和227株菌株含有无毒基因AVR-Pia和不含有无毒基因AVR-Pia,所占比例分别为51.8%和48.2%,无毒基因AVR-Pia主要为完全缺失变异;在471株稻瘟病菌菌株中,A-和V+反应型菌株数分别为56株和161株,共217株,占总菌株数的46.1%,在13个市(州)稻瘟病菌群体中,A-和V+反应型菌株所占比例差异较大,其中在普洱市、红河哈尼族彝族自治州、昭通市、玉溪市4个市(州)的比例较大,分别为77.8%、57.1%、52.1%和50.0%;在112份云南省地方稻种质资源中,有20份地方稻品种含有抗性基因Pia,主要分布在9个市(州)中。表明云南省13个市(州)绝大部分水稻产区水稻Pia基因已丧抗性,含Pia基因的水稻种质在云南省分布较广。     

90年代江苏淮南小麦产量性状演变及品质分析

分析了江苏省淮南片 1 989～ 1 999年连续 1 0年 (5轮 ) 4 5个小麦品种 (系 )的区试结果 ,其平均产量为 5 .0 661 t.hm- 2 ;年度 (轮次 )间的产量呈现低 -高 -低的演变趋势 ;在产量构成因素中 ,穗数较为稳定 ,且与产量关系不密切 ;而每穗粒数随着产量的起伏表现较大增减 ,与产量呈显著正相关 ;千粒重与产量呈极显著正相关 ,粒重大小基本决定产量高低。本地区目前应用推广小麦品种的出粉率均较低 ;蛋白质和面筋含量以苏麦 6号较高 ,但由于其面团稳定时间短 ,仍不适于制作面包 ;扬麦 1 5 8和宁麦 8号适合制作面条和馒头 ;宁麦 9号为较优质的饼干、糕点小麦。此外 ,还探讨了小麦产量育种的策略和品质改良的重点及要求。     

家具机械发展趋势与选用的几个技术问题

介绍了我国家具工业中家具机械发展的趋势、技术进步方向及选用家具机械时应注意的几个技术问题.