哈尔滨大白兔红细胞酯酶(Es-1,Es-2和Es-3)的遗传多态性

利用垂直板型聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法,对76只(雌24,雄52)哈尔滨大白兔红细胞酯酶的遗传多态性进行了研究.结果表明,红细胞酯酶Es-1,Es-2和Es-33个位点各有3种不同的表型AA、AB和BB,它们分别受常染色体上的1对等显性基因A、B控制.各位点的A基因频率分别为0.2829、0.5724和0.5329,B基因频率分别为0.7171,0.4276和0.4671.3个位点的杂合度分别为0.4057,0.4895和0.4978,平均杂合度为0.4643.经X~2检验,这3个位点的基因分布均处于Hardy-Weibery平衡状态(P>0.05).     

Glucose transport and glycolytic enzyme activities in erythrocytes of two-year-old thoroughbreds undergoing training exercise

d-Glucose transport and cytosolic enzyme activities were measured in erythrocytes from 2-year-old thoroughbreds under continuous training exercise (race horses) and compared with those from untrained horses of various ages (sires, mares and untrained 2-year-old thoroughbreds). The activities of the glucose transport and glycolytic enzymes, hexokinase and pyruvate kinase, in the race horses' erythrocytes were elevated to 2–3.5 times above those of untrained horses. There were no significant differences in plasma glucose, triglyceride or IRI concentrations between the horses in training and untrained horses. The increases in glucose transport and glycolytic enzyme activities in their erythrocytes are considered to reflect an increased metabolic activity in the race horses resulting from the training exercises.Abbreviations D-GT d-glucose transport - EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid - ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay - G6PD glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase - HK hexokinase - IRI immunoreactive insulin - PBS phosphate-buffered saline - PK pyruvate kinase     

硬头鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）早期发育过程中红血细胞核的尺度变化和类型转换

硬头鳟早期发育过程中存在三种红血细胞核类型，圆形的幼体核（L核，在圆盘形的红血细胞内），椭圆形的成体核（A核，在椭圆盘形的红血细胞内）和近椭圆形的未成熟的成体核（ImA核，在近椭圆盘形的红血细胞内）。L核从胚胎早期发生（眼点期前后）至卵黄吸收完毕后（受精后65日，孵出后33日）消失，其间核直径逐渐减少，减幅达29．7％。A核从胚胎孵出时开始出现，至卵黄吸收完毕后，A核基本取代其它类型核，其间核长短径持续发生变化。长径逐渐增加，短径逐渐减少，这种变化直至受精后99日才稳定下来，此时A核长径增幅为43．1％，短径减幅为22．3％，长短径比率由1．11增至2．04。ImA核在胚胎孵出时开始出现，但比例很少，尺寸变化不大，在卵黄吸收完毕稍后（受精后74日,孵出后42日，）可忽略大计（基本上转变为A核）。在胚胎孵出前，红血细胞核全为L核；在卵黄吸收期间，L，A和ImA3种混合存在，核大小及形状发生急剧变化，核类型迅速发生转换，最终全为A核所取代，这种变化和Ichiro(1974）所描述的虹鳟红血细胞的变化基本一致。在卵黄吸收完毕后（受精后74日），A核尺度相对稳定。Wright染色后在显微镜下观察，细胞核着色深，核形状清晰，便于测量。所以，硬头鳟（虹鳟）早期发育中，这一阶段用红血细胞测量鉴别其倍性的合适取样时期。     

Effect of immune-mediated erythrocyte agglutination on analysis of canine blood using a multichannel blood cell counting system

Blood from six dogs with in vitro immune-mediated erythrocyte agglutination resulted in analytical errors in directly measured counting and sizing functions on a multichannel blood analysis system with histogram capability. Errors in the directly measured values, mean cell volume (MCV), and erythrocyte count were attributed to agglutinated erythrocyte particles that persisted during the relatively short reagent contact time of the analysis. Agglutinated particles less than 240 fl were visible on erythrocyte histograms and resulted in a false low erythrocyte count and false high MCV. Agglutinated cell particles greater than 240 fl were not present on the histogram scale. Because these latter particles exceeded the upper threshold, they did not influence determination of MCV, but resulted in a further decrease in the erythrocyte count. As a result, the other dependent erythrocyte indices were in error. These included false low hematocrit and false high mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), when compared to corrected reference blood values. Similar errors occurred when analyzing blood samples that were agglutinated in vitro by incubating erythrocytes with incompatible plasma. The counting and sizing errors observed with electronic counting techniques were eliminated or greatly reduced by incubating blood in cell counting diluent for 10 minutes followed by analysis on a single channel counter with attached particle size analyzer. Error in erythrocyte measurement on a multichannel system may be anticipated if there is overt erythrocyte agglutination in a blood sample, an abnormally high MCHC is reported by the system, or subpopulations of large volume (agglutinated cells) are observed on a volume distribution histogram.     

氟中毒致贫血的研究进展

氟中毒会造成多系统损伤,贫血是氟中毒的一个症状。研究氟可对红细胞膜、红细胞内糖代谢和酶活性产生破坏和/或抑制作用,从而对红细胞造成损伤,引发贫血;氟还对造血功能有一定的影响,包括氟对造血原料、造血器官和造血调控都有一定的作用。本文从氟中毒致贫血的机理方面进行了综述,并就氟对造血调控相关基因的可能影响进行了分析。     

Validation of a Rapid Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Colorimetric Evaluation for Assessing the Severity of Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage in Horses in Field Conditions

Diagnosis and assessment of severity of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) relies on postexercise visualization of fresh blood in the airways via tracheobronchoscopic examination (TBE) and/or counting erythrocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALFRBC). Determining the BALFRBC is more sensitive than TBE but its usefulness is hampered by the need to have BALFRBC counted at a laboratory. We explored the feasibility of evaluating the severity of EIPH by using a color chart comprised of five shades of red and matching those colors with the color of BALF immediately following collection. To validate the technique, sets of ten BALF samples with known BALFRBC numbers were created and randomly shown to two groups of 18 observers who independently matched the color of the BALF with one of the shades of red displayed on the screen of a smartphone. Interobserver and intra-observer agreements regarding colors were > 0.9. The utility of the color chart was further validated under field conditions at two barrel racing events where 63 BALF samples were collected from 21 horses and BALF color was graded independently by three observers. The number of BALFRBC in the 63 samples ranged from 25–1,100,000/μL. EIPH was diagnosed in 39 samples based on the detection of color, and all 5 colors were matched multiple times with BALF samples. Overall, the color of the BALF was related to the number of BALFRBC. Colorimetric evaluation of BALF represents a practical and reliable option for rapid postexercise assessment of the presence and severity of EIPH.     

中药复方对免疫抑制模型小鼠细胞因子、免疫球蛋白及红细胞免疫黏附功能的影响

【目的】评价自拟中药复方对免疫抑制小鼠血清细胞因子、免疫球蛋白和红细胞免疫黏附功能的影响。【方法】通过腹腔注射环磷酰胺建立免疫抑制小鼠模型。试验组免疫抑制小鼠分别按20,10和5g/kg剂量灌胃自拟中药复方,同时设置模型对照组(灌胃等体积生理盐水)、健康对照组(灌胃等体积生理盐水)和黄芪多糖对照组(灌胃剂量66mg/kg),连续7d,试验第0,3,7天采集血样,用血细胞自动分析仪测定小鼠血细胞数,用酶联免疫吸附试验测定血清IL-2、IgG、IgM、IL-4和IFN-γ含量,并计算IL-4/IFN-γ,用红细胞C3b受体花环(C3b RR)及免疫复合物花环(ICR)试验分析红细胞免疫黏附功能。【结果】通过腹腔注射环磷酰胺(80mg/kg,1次/d,连用3d)成功建立了免疫抑制小鼠模型。所用中药复方和黄芪多糖可显著提高免疫抑制模型小鼠WBC,其中以10和20g/kg剂量中药复方效果显著;10和20g/kg剂量中药复方可显著提高免疫抑制模型小鼠血清中IgG和IgM含量,提高或恢复免疫抑制模型小鼠血清中IL-2含量,并可促进免疫抑制模型小鼠血清IL-4和IFN-γ含量、IL-4/IFN-γ、红细胞C3b RR率恢复至健康小鼠水平;所用中药复方和黄芪多糖对免疫抑制模型小鼠红细胞ICR率的影响不明显。【结论】自拟中药复方通过调控细胞因子和免疫球蛋白生成,对环磷酰胺介导免疫抑制模型小鼠的细胞免疫、体液免疫和红细胞免疫黏附功能发挥正向调节作用,其中以10g/kg剂量效果明显。     

隆朋麻醉对犬红细胞免疫黏附性及红细胞膜流动性的影响

本试验旨在研究隆朋麻醉对犬红细胞黏附性和膜流动性的影响。试验选用健康本地犬12只,肌肉注射隆朋3.0 mg/kg,于麻醉前（即0 h对照组）、麻醉后2、8、24、72、120、168 h动态采集5 mL外周静脉血,离心分离红细胞,制取红细胞悬液并制备试验用红细胞膜,进行C3b受体花环率和免疫复合物花环率的检测及红细胞膜流动性的检测。C3b受体花环率在麻醉后2 h出现下降趋势,但与对照组相比差异不显著（P>0.05）,注射隆朋后8 h低于对照组且差异极显著（P<0.01）,此后开始恢复,到麻醉后168 h基本恢复正常,与对照值相比差异不显著（P>0.05）。而免疫复合物花环率则呈现相反的趋势,其在注射隆朋后出现先上升后下降的趋势。免疫复合物花环率在注药后2~24 h高于对照组且差异极显著（P<0.01）,72 h基本恢复,与对照组相比差异不显著（P>0.05）。使用荧光偏振法测定红细胞膜的流动性,结果表明,注射隆朋后犬红细胞膜流动性增加,但与对照组相比差异不显著（P>0.05）。隆朋麻醉对犬红细胞免疫黏附性及膜流动性皆存在影响,但对其膜流动性的影响不显著（P>0.05）。     

Primary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in 19 cats: diagnosis, therapy, and outcome (1998-2004)

Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) occurs less frequently in cats than in dogs. The value of the Coombs' test (CT) has been questioned, but detailed surveys of its use are lacking. The objective of this study was to describe 19 cats with primary IMHA (pIMHA) and to examine the diagnostic value of the direct CT. The CT was performed in 92 cats; it was negative in 5 healthy, in 9 sick nonanemic, and in 55 cats with different types of anemia. The CT was positive in 18 anemic cats (2 feline leukemia virus (FeLV) positive, 1 with cholangiohepatitis, 15 with no underlying disease). Moreover, agglutination persisted after saline washing in 5 anemic cats (1 lymphoma, 4 pIMHA). Inclusion criteria for pIMHA were a positive CT (15) or persistent agglutination (4), and the exclusion of other diseases. The age of the 19 cats ranged from 0.5 to 9 years (median, 2 years); male cats were overrepresented. The PCV on admission was 6-22% (median, 12%). The anemia was nonregenerative in 11 cats. Additional abnormal laboratory results were leukocytosis (2), lymphocytosis (6), hyperbilirubinemia (13), hyperglobulimemia (10), and increased liver enzyme activities (10). Initial treatment consisted of blood transfusions (10), crystalloids (11), prednisolone (19), antibiotics (19), and H2-blockers (11). Four of 17 cats were euthanized 9, 63, 240 and 2,160 days after initial presentation (mortality rate, 23.5%). Relapses were reported in 5 of 16 cases (31%). Thus, pIMHA appears to occur more frequently than recognized previously, with a more favorable prognosis in cats than in dogs. The CT was useful in identifying immune-mediated pathogenesis.