UV-B辐射增强对喜树叶片色素含量和形态结构的影响

笔者通过盆栽试验,以自然辐射为对照,研究人工增强UV-B辐射下（5.0 μW/cm2）喜树叶片中光合色素、类黄酮化合物含量及叶片形态结构的变化。试验结果表明：（1）UV-B辐射增强导致喜树叶片总叶绿素含量、叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值（Chla/Chlb）及类黄酮类化合物含量上升,并随后呈下降趋势,而类胡萝卜素含量持续升高;（2）UV-B辐射增强导致叶形呈不对称状,色素分布异常,并伴有上表皮增厚、栅栏组织细胞增多、叶绿体扭曲的变化;（3）UV-B辐射增强使喜树叶片上表皮蜡质层增厚,表皮毛和腺毛数量增多,腺毛变短而粗;下表皮气孔被蜡质覆盖,开度变小。因此,增强UV-B辐射处理后,喜树幼苗体内的防御系统启动,叶片形态发生适应性变化,但最终喜树叶片细胞膜系统仍受到伤害并出现膜脂过氧化。     

表面活性剂对硝基苯污染土壤的增效修复技术研究

在研究硝基苯和表面活性剂在土壤中吸附行为的基础上,探讨了表面活性剂对硝基苯在土壤中吸附的影响,并研究了不同表面活性剂对硝基苯污染土壤的增效修复效果。结果表明：i）在0—25mg·L^-1。浓度范围内,硝基苯在土壤中的吸附量与溶液中平衡浓度之间存在较好的线性关系,硝基苯在土壤中的吸附是以分配作用为主。ii）CTAB、SDBS和Tween80在土壤中的吸附等温线均近似为S形．且都在各自临界胶束浓度附近达到饱和吸附,饱和吸附量顺序为CTAB〉〉SDBS〉Tween80。一定浓度的硝基苯可以增加表面活性剂在土壤中的饱和吸附量。iii）在较低浓度的表面活性剂存在下,硝基苯的吸附量随着表面活性剂浓度升高而升高,而在高浓度表面活性剂存在下硝基苯吸附量随表面活性剂浓度升高而降低,其中SDBS对硝基苯吸附量的降低效果最为明显。iv）当应用表面活性剂对硝基苯污染土壤进行增效修复时,SDBS的修复效果最为显著。     

慢病毒载体介导成纤维细胞高效稳定表达绿色荧光蛋白

 试验尝试建立稳定表达外源基因的人成纤维细胞系。取成年男性包皮皮肤的皮下组织,分离培养人皮肤成纤维细胞,分别采用脂质体和慢病毒载体介导转染人皮肤成纤维细胞表达绿色荧光蛋白。结果显示,来自成年人包皮皮下组织的成纤维细胞呈梭形,具有快速的增殖和稳定的生长性能。脂质体介导转染的人皮肤成纤维细胞绿色荧光蛋白表达不稳定,阳性细胞表达率低,转染后的人成纤维细胞变得更为细长,细胞生长速度降低。慢病毒载体介导人皮肤成纤维细胞高效稳定表达绿色荧光蛋白,转染后细胞生长性能和形态没有变化,经过多次传代和冻存复苏对人皮肤成纤维细胞绿色荧光蛋白的表达没有影响,通过流式细胞仪对慢病毒介导表达绿色荧光蛋白的人皮肤成纤维细胞检测显示,绿色荧光蛋白表达阳性率为99.85%,并且表达绿色荧光蛋白的人皮肤成纤维细胞细胞均一程度为76.05%。试验证实了慢病毒载体能够高效稳定介导人皮肤成纤维细胞表达绿色荧光蛋白。     

实验性急性猪丹毒弥散性血管内凝血的研究

笔者用中监所提供的猪丹毒标准株C#-（43）-2,6,7,8和自然野毒株作为菌种,经颈静脉接种100-500亿活菌/头,模拟急性猪丹毒DIC。试验猪34头,发病27头,死亡15头。发病猪生前凝血象出现变化;死后组织学检查,脑、肾、心、肺等器官有DIC形成。电镜观察微血栓为纤维素,红细胞和丹毒杆菌。本文对DIC判定标准,DIC病理组织学特点及其发病机制和意义进行了讨论。     

Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and fibrinogen values in Mediterranean marine teleosts

Coagulation profiles for marine fish were determined with the standard global screening assays, the prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) using homologous tissue thromboplastin and phospholipid extracts to investigate species-specificity of brain thromboplastins, and to establish a base-line coagulation profile for marine fish of economical importance for Mediterranean aquaculture (sea bream, Sparus aurata, sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, red porgy, Pagrus pagrus, common dentex, Dentex dentex). Sea bass and sea bream displayed the shortest PT (9.0–15.0 s) and APTT (22.1–35.8 s) in comparison to the other species (PT: 24.8–37.2 s, APTT: 39.6–66.4 s). Red porgy displayed the lowest fibrinogen value (1.2–2.3 g l^–1), while no differences were found among the other species (2.2–2.8 g l^–1). It is concluded that the interaction of the tissue factor and plasma clotting factor is relatively species specific and that the use of homologous brain extracts is preferable for haemostasis study in marine fish.     

Evaluation of Kits for the Detection of Fibrin(ogen) Degradation Products in Dogs

The sensitivities and specificities of 3 commercial serum fibrin(ogen) degradation product (FDP) kits and 1 plasma FDP kit for the detection of FDPs in dogs were determined. Blood was collected for measurement of serum and plasma FDP concentrations from 30 healthy dogs and from 20 dogs that fulfilled clinical and laboratory criteria for disseminated intravascular coagulation. To determine the effect of hemolysis on FDP results, blood was collected simultaneously into Bothrops atrox venom-based and thrombin-based serum collection tubes for measurement of FDPs using a single serum FDP kit. The sensitivity (80-95%) and specificity (90-100%) for a positive or negative FDP result, regardless of concentration, was similar for all kits. Kits yielded discordant results in individual dogs and FDP concentrations obtained from 1 serum FDP kit were consistently higher than those from the other kits. Serum prepared from venom-based collection tubes was significantly more hemolyzed than serum prepared from thrombin-based collection tubes or citrated plasma. Hemolysis did not affect the FDP results. On the basis of these results, we conclude that commercial latex agglutination kits for detection of FDPs in serum and plasma samples from human patients are valid for use in dogs. The plasma FDP assay is a viable alternative to currently used serum FDP assays and has the advantage of using a single (citrated plasma) sample for measuring coagulation parameters and FDP concentration.     

沸石强化活性污泥法在尼罗罗非鱼养殖中的应用

试验结果表明,养殖系统出水水质较进水水质有明显改善.经过100 d的循环水养殖,尼罗罗非鱼的平均体质量由30.34 g增加至120.08 g,平均生长速度为0.89 g/d,存活率为85.6%.     

The effect of initial concentration of carbofuran on the development and stability of its enhanced biodegradation in top‐soil and sub‐soil

Carbofuran was incubated in top‐soil and sub‐soil samples from a pesticide‐free site at a range of initial concentrations from 0.1 to 10 mg kg⁻¹. Amounts of the incubated soils were removed at intervals over the subsequent 12 months, and the rate of degradation of a second carbofuran dose at 10 mg kg⁻¹ was assessed. An applied concentration as low as 0.1 mg kg⁻¹ to top‐soil resulted in more rapid degradation of the fresh addition of carbofuran for at least 12 months. The degree of enhancement was generally more pronounced with the higher initial concentrations. When the same study was conducted in sub‐soil samples from the same site, an initial dose of carbofuran at 0.1 mg kg⁻¹ resulted in only small increases in rates of degradation of a second carbofuran dose. However, degradation rates in the sub‐soil samples were, in many instances, considerably greater than in the corresponding top‐soil samples, irrespective of pre‐treatment concentration or pre‐incubation period. Initial doses of 0.5 mg kg⁻¹ and higher applied to sub‐soil successfully activated the sub‐soil microflora. Application of the VARLEACH model to simulate carbofuran movement through the soil profile indicated that approximately 0.01 mg kg⁻¹ of carbofuran may reach a depth of 70 cm 400 days after a standard field application. The results therefore imply that adaptation of the sub‐soil microflora (c 1 m depth) by normal field rate applications of carbofuran is unlikely to occur. In experiments to investigate this in soils exposed to carbofuran in the field, there was no apparent relationship between top‐soil exposure and degradation rates in the corresponding sub‐soils. The results further confirmed that some sub‐soil samples have an inherent capacity for rapid biodegradation of carbofuran. The high levels of variability observed between replicates in some of the sub‐soil samples were attributed to the uneven distribution of a low population of carbofuran‐degrading micro‐organisms in sub‐surface soil. There was no apparent relationship between soil microbial biomass and degradation rates within or between top‐soil and sub‐soil samples. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

表达绿色荧光蛋白为伪狂犬病病毒转移载体的构建及转移特性

对含伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）鄂A株gG全基因，PK，gD基因部分编码序列的质粒pUSK进行改造，肖除其中的EcoRI位点，将通过PCR扩增的增强绿色 荧光蛋白基因（EGFP）融合到gG启动子下游，构建了由gG启动子控制EGFP表达的PRV转移载体pgG^-1/EGFP^ ，该转移载体单独转染或同PVR基因组DNA共转梁IBRS－2细胞，结果单独转染时EGFP不能表达，共转梁时，6h就可在荧光显微镜下观测到明显的荧光。     

禽波氏杆菌病原特性的研究

从患眼炎、鼻窦炎不同发病鸡群的病料中共分离到１７株细菌，经细菌学鉴定为禽波氏杆菌。该细菌能运动、无芽孢的革兰氏阴性小杆菌，在鲜血琼脂上产生β溶血，在麦康凯琼脂上生长良好，形成光滑中央突起的珍珠状菌落；不利用糖类，不能在６．５％ＮａＣｌ培养基中生长，尿素酶和硝酸盐还原试验均呈阳性，能凝集豚鼠和其他动物红血球；人工接种细菌均能使雏鸡发生相似于自然病例的临床症状和死亡，并且从病部回收到相应细菌