中华稻蝗卵滞育的消除及滞育强度的可逆性

主要探讨了连续温度及波动温度对中华稻蝗卵维持和消除滞育的影响.结果表明:未经低温处理的中华稻蝗卵,在20、25℃的温度条件下,62%左右的卵进入了滞育,而在30℃的温度条件下,虽然累计孵化率达74%,但孵化断断续续很不整齐;低温对中华稻蝗卵滞育的消除效果明显,消除滞育的低温处理期间需40 d以上;从低温转移到高温条件后,高温有降低中华稻蝗卵滞育强度、促进中华稻蝗卵滞育消除的作用;8、2 5℃交替温度处理,中华稻蝗卵滞育的强度出现可逆变化,这种可逆性变化,对于卵块维持滞育、抑制秋季或冬季的发育、保证越冬卵的安全越冬具有重要的适应意义.     

淡紫拟青霉不同菌株对南方根结线虫卵寄生率三种处理方法的比较

利用来自不同地域的淡紫拟青霉的13个菌株，分别用其孢子液处理南方根结线虫分散卵粒、菌丝处理分散卵粒、孢子液处理卵囊以评价淡紫拟青霉对南方根结线虫的寄生性。在被试所有菌株中，同一菌株三种不同方法对根结线虫卵的寄生率相比，孢子液处理卵囊均明显高于其他两种处理。不同菌株对南方根结线虫卵的寄生率有很大的差异。三种处理方法结果显示618号菌株寄生率均为最高。菌株对卵的寄生率与菌株地理来源无明显相关性。     

影响松毛虫赤眼蜂种群消长因子研究

１９８６－１９９０年的研究得知：松毛虫赤眼蜂在浙江于３月下旬开始活动，１０月上旬至１１月陆续以蛹在马尾松毛虫、云南松毛虫等虫卵中越冬在林中常年都可见到该蜂的活动，其种群数量出现的高峰期与松毛虫卵期相一致，林中昆虫卵的多少、蜜源植物的有无、温度的高低、是影响松毛虫赤眼蜂林间种群消长的主要因子。     

饲料因素对鸡蛋风味的影响及其改善措施

随着畜牧业的快速发展,畜产品供应日益充裕,人们对畜产品的质量要求不断提高,其安全性、营养性及风味等逐渐成为消费者关注的热点。本文综述了形成鸡蛋风味的前体物质、影响鸡蛋风味的饲料因素及改善鸡蛋风味的措施,旨在为相关研究提供参考。     

卵黏蛋白:结构组成、理化性质、在浓蛋白液化中的作用及营养调控

鸡蛋是最好的动物源蛋白之一,其蛋白中的卵黏蛋白(3.5%)对浓蛋白凝胶性、哈夫单位起主要作用,鸡蛋中卵黏蛋白含量及存在形式是影响鸡蛋蛋白品质的主要因素,从而影响鸡蛋的可接受性。本文简要综述了卵黏蛋白的结构组成、理化性质、在浓蛋白液化过程中的作用和可能机制以及营养调控途径,为调控鸡蛋蛋白品质提供参考。     

饲粮蛋白质水平对蛋鹌鹑产蛋性能的影响

采用单因子实验设计,将饲粮粗蛋白质设为3个水平,分别为18%、20%、22%,将鹌鹑分为6个组,每组4个重复,每个重复30只鹌鹑,实验阶段为33~40周龄,研究日粮中蛋白质水平对产蛋性能的影响.结果表明:第2组鹌鹑的产蛋量显著高于第1、3组(P<0.05),产蛋率显著高于第1、3组(P<0.05),第3组的平均蛋重显著高于第1、2组(P<0.05);第2组的料蛋比显著低于第1、3组(P<0.01).说明饲料蛋白质水平为20%时,产蛋性能是最佳的,提高蛋白质水平并没有促进鹌鹑的产蛋性能.     

Pyrantel resistance in two herds of donkey in the UK

Resistance to currently available anthelmintics is a serious phenomenon which is prevalent globally. Cyathostomins are one of the major parasites, and are of primary concern in donkeys. There have been reports of emerging resistance to pyrantel, but the status of pyrantel resistance in donkey populations in the UK is largely unknown. This report investigates pyrantel resistance in two geographically isolated donkey herds in the South West of England. The first herd had suspected pyrantel resistance, with already established resistance to other anthelmintics. In the second herd the efficacy of pyrantel was not suspected at the time the study took place. Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) was carried out, revealing large scale resistance. Eighty one percent of the first herd and 73% of the second herd had a FEC of less than 95% after treatment, and anthelmintic resistance was confirmed using the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology guidelines. These findings indicate that anthelmintic resistance to pyrantel exists in both tested donkey populations and illustrate the continuing development of resistance through different classes of chemotherapeutics.     

A comparison of the FECPAK and Mini-FLOTAC faecal egg counting techniques

Faecal egg counts (FECs) are used for detecting and quantifying nematode infections and are the basis for determining drug efficacy and anthelmintic resistance in faecal egg count reduction tests (FECRTs). Currently, several FEC techniques are available for detecting and quantifying eggs of sheep nematodes. A comparison of the egg counts from the FECPAK (with a minimum detection limit of 30 eggs per gram (epg)) and Mini-FLOTAC (with a minimum detection limit of 5 epg) showed better diagnostic performance with Mini-FLOTAC in terms of measurement error (level of over- or under-estimation of FEC) and precision (variability in FEC). A tendency to under-estimate FEC was observed with the FECPAK particularly at egg densities of less than 500 epg. It is concluded that Mini-FLOTAC is a reliable diagnostic tool offering reduced measurement error and a higher level of precision.     

Effects of food enriched with egg yolk hydrolysate (bone peptide) on bone metabolism in orchidectomized dogs

We examined the effects of chicken egg hydrolysate (also known as “bone peptide” or BP) on bone metabolism in 5- to 8-month-old orchidectomized dogs. The bone formation marker serum bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and the bone resorption marker urine deoxypyridinoline (DPD) were used as indicators to measure changes in bone metabolism. The following results were observed that Serum BAP was higher in dogs fed BP-enriched food throughout the clinical investigation. Serum BAP was statistically significantly higher in dogs fed BP-enriched food than in dogs fed non-BP-enriched food at 2 months after orchidectomy. This suggests that BP promoted bone formation immediately after orchidectomy.     

Egg trait variation in a large hawk‐cuckoo (Hierococcyx sparverioides) host population of Chinese babax (Babax lanceolatus)

Mutual interaction between brood parasites and their hosts is a well‐known model system for studying host–parasite coevolution. Both parties have acted reciprocally, resembling an evolutionary arms race, in which adaptations and counter‐adaptations have evolved as a result of host–parasite dynamics, such as the classical cuckoo–host system. Discrimination among parasite and cuckoo eggs and rejection of foreign eggs is regarded as an important anti‐parasitism strategy. The Chinese babax (Babax lanceolatus) is a large hawk‐cuckoo (Hierococcyx sparverioides) host distributed in southwest China. A previous study shows that the babax is an intermediate egg rejector, and most cuckoo eggs are accepted by the Chinese babax, although a small proportion of hosts reject cuckoo eggs. Interestingly, the large hawk‐cuckoo lays non‐mimetic eggs in contrast to the uniform blue eggs of babaxes. Because egg coloration is a critical cue used by host species in favor of the recognition of parasitic eggs by hosts, we used a spectrometer to quantify egg color variation to understand the differentiation in discrimination ability between the egg rejectors and acceptors. We found that the chroma of intra‐clutch variation of babax eggs was more consistent in egg rejectors than in acceptors. However, no statistical significance was found in inter‐clutch variation between these two types of hosts. Our results suggest that hosts lay eggs with a low level of intra‐clutch variation without the necessity of a high level of inter‐clutch variation simultaneously as predicted by the egg signature hypothesis. This study may further indicate that selection pressures from evolutionarily recent parasites can drive individual‐based differences in an anti‐parasitism strategy.