The Effects of Dietary Fatty Acid Pattern on Layer's Performance and Egg Quality

The feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of flaxseed on layer's performance and egg quality,and the effects of the dietary ratio of ω-6 fatty acid to ω-3 fatty acid on fatty acid deposition in yolk using flaxseed as resource of ω-3 fatty acid and sunflower seed as resource of ω-6 fatty acid.192 20-wk-old Newroman commercial hens were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups with 6 replicates containing 8 birds.The rations corresponding with the four treatments were formulated with 4% flaxseed + 9% sunflower seed,8% flaxseed + 18% sunflower seed,15% flaxseed,and soybean meal,respectively.Sunflower seed was unshelled and flaxseed was whole.Ratios of to-6 fatty acid to ω-3 fatty acid in 4 dietary treatments were 5.67,5.21,1.07,and 11.83,respectively.It can be concluded that long-term feeding 15% flaxseed had no significant(P＞0.05)influence on egg production,egg weight,eggshell quality,yolk weight,and percentage of yolk weight.Dietary ratio of ω-6 fatty acid to ω-3 fatty acid had impact on the ω-3 fatty acid levels in yolk,nevertheless yolk fatty acid profiles were different from those of dietary fatty acid compositions.     

Amino Acid Profile of Various Body Tissues and Eggs of Discus Fish,Symphysodon aequifasciata

Abstract

Amino acid profiles of various body tissues from juvenile and adult discus fish, Symphysodon aequifasciata, were compared. Results from whole-body tissue revealed significant difference (P < 0.05) between the levels of lysine, phenylalanine, alanine, aspartic acid, and serine among the two different fish sizes. Levels of arginine, histidine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, and threonine were also higher in muscle tissue of adult fishes. Analysis of gill tissues showed significant difference in levels of histidine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, proline, and serine were significantly different among the different fish stages. This study also showed that among all ten essential amino acids, muscle had the highest levels of histidine, isoleucine, lysine, and tryptophan; gills had the highest level of arginine; while levels of methionine and threonine were higher in the intestinal tissue. Regression analysis between the calculated whole-body A/E ratio of discus juveniles and with quantitative dietary amino acid requirements of several fish species also showed significant correlation, with highest r values (> 0.90) obtained with tilapia, common carp, channel catfish, and Japanese eel. This profile may be useful as a preliminary reference index to evaluate suitability of various ingredients in terms of amino acid profile for development of economical diet for discus farming.     

Sprinkling coarse marble powder during the afternoon, toward the end of the laying period, may increase eggshell quality

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of time, particle size (PS) and level of calcium supplementation above the requirements toward the end of the laying period on egg production and eggshell quality. A total of 675 Isa-Brown layer hens were distributed in a completely randomized factorial arrangement of 3×3×3, using three sprinkling times (08.00, 12.00, 16.00 hours), PC (mash, granular and large size) and amounts (0 g control, 0.75 g/day/h, 1.50 g/day/h) of marble sprinkling as a calcium source. All hens were fed a commercial layer diet from 55 to 67 weeks of age. Sprinkling of 1.50 g marble reduced ( P  < 0.05) egg production compared to 0.75 g marble, and feed efficiency (FE) compared to that of 0 and 0.75 g marble. Sprinkling of 0.75 and 1.50 g marble increased ( P  < 0.01) eggshell weight, shell strength and shell thickness compared to that of 0 g marble. The interaction of sprinkling time-by-PS-by–quantity of marble was significant for egg production ( P  < 0.05), FE and shell strength ( P  < 0.01). Results showed that sprinkling of coarse marble powder to complete diet increased shell strength without reduction in egg production and FE.     

不同旱养模式对微山麻鸭生产性能与水质污染的影响

选取健康、体重差异不显著的产蛋期微山麻鸭800只,自由采食与饮水,常规免疫与饲养管理.以人工模拟的水池为对照组,另设喷淋、深水槽、纯旱养3种旱养模式作为试验组,每组设置5个重复,每个重复40只鸭.试验结果表明:深水槽组日采食量显著高于纯旱养组(P＜0.05),其余各组之间所有生产性能指标差异均不显著(P＞0.05)；不同旱养模式之间蛋形指数与蛋壳强度差异不显著(P＞0.05)；3个戏水组(水池、喷淋、深水槽)蛋壳厚度均显著高于纯旱养组(P＜0.05)；喷淋组在所有蛋品质指标中均表现出明显的优势；除纯旱养组外,喷淋组水源利用与污染减排的综合效益最佳.综合生产性能、蛋品质、水质污染等指标,本试验中喷淋组得到了最佳综合效果.     

保存时间及模拟降雨对花绒寄甲卵野外孵化率的影响

为了明确保存时间及降雨对花绒寄甲卵孵化率的影响,设保存时间30,60和90 d,模拟连续降雨1,3,5,7 d共7种处理,测试花绒寄甲卵在野外的孵化率。结果显示:保存30 d,平均校正孵化率为49.39%;保存60 d,平均校正孵化率为36.93%;保存90 d,孵化率为0,显著低于30 d和60 d;保存30 d与60 d之间,无显著性差异。保存30 d的卵模拟降雨1 d,平均校正孵化率为47.79%;模拟连续降雨3,5,7 d,平均校正孵化率分别为33.24%,37.05%和27.97%。模拟降雨与对照之间无显著性差异,模拟降雨不同天数之间亦无显著性差异。由此可见,保存时间对花绒寄甲卵野外孵化率具有很大的影响,而野外降雨对花绒寄甲卵孵化率的影响可能很小。