不同玉米品种籽粒耐破碎性差异及影响因素

为明确不同玉米品种机械收获时籽粒的耐破碎性差异和影响籽粒耐破碎性的因素,以13个玉米品种为材料,设置不同收获时间,对不同玉米品种籽粒的破碎率、含水率和硬度等指标的动态变化特征进行研究,分析籽粒破碎率与含水率和硬度的关系,采用积分法评价不同玉米品种籽粒的耐破碎性。结果表明:随收获时间的推迟,籽粒破碎率先快速降低后稍有升高,籽粒含水率逐渐降低,籽粒硬度逐渐增大,且玉米品种间差异显著。破碎率与籽粒含水率符合二次曲线关系,当籽粒含水率为19.70%时破碎率最低;破碎率与籽粒硬度极显著负相关,其中胚乳穿刺强度与破碎率的相关性最高,当籽粒胚乳穿刺强度为88.35 N时破碎率最低;籽粒硬度与含水率呈极显著的负相关关系。降低籽粒含水率进而提高其硬度是增强玉米籽粒的耐破碎能力和降低籽粒破碎率的关键。不同玉米品种籽粒的硬度和耐破碎能力存在显著差异,在含水率相近的条件下,耐破碎能力强的玉米品种均具有较高的籽粒硬度。籽粒硬度指标中的胚乳穿刺强度可作为鉴选宜机械粒收玉米品种的重要指标;参试的所有硬粒型玉米品种、半马齿型‘仲玉3号’、半硬粒型 ‘辽禾308’、‘先玉1171’和马齿型‘正红6号’的籽粒耐破碎能力强,可作为适宜机械粒收的品种。     

双季超级稻强源活库优米栽培技术的示范推广

结合兴宁市双季超级稻生产的实践,对其强源活库优米栽培技术进行简单的总结,包括结合双季超级稻品种的特性适时与适密抛(插)秧、节水灌溉、使用超级稻专用肥、病虫害防治等,并分析了该技术示范推广后的效果。     

Functional characteristics of porcine peripheral T cells stimulated with IL-2 or IL-2 and PMA

In human or mouse, mature T cells express either CD4 or CD8, resulting in different functions in the periphery. Interestingly, porcine CD4 and CD8 double positive (DP) T cells are present in the blood, and their proportions change from youth to adulthood. However, the features of these cells in swine are poorly understood. We investigated the fate of porcine peripheral T cells based on their functional characteristics, including proliferation and the expression of CD4 and CD8 co-receptors. The results showed that all the populations changed their CD8 expression in a time-dependent manner and porcine T cells had different proliferative pattern from human T cells. The results further revealed that Th2 cytokines were increased later in porcine T cells compared to human T cells upon stimulation with IL-2 + PMA. Collectively, we found that the fate of porcine peripheral T cells is different from that of human T cells, and the changes occur in a time- and stimulation-dependent manner.     

鱼鳞坑开沟双犁体翻转机构研究设计

双犁体翻转机构是对已有的发明专利机型即鱼鳞坑开沟犁装置的进一步优化设计,解决了在单犁体鱼鳞坑开沟犁返程时因开沟翻土方向不在坡下而是在开出的沟上面的作业问题。新研制翻转式鱼鳞坑开沟工作结构装置,应用机械、液压、电控装置实现了不同土壤类型的鱼鳞坑开沟间距式作业,生产效率高,性能可靠,市场前景广阔。     

水稻联合收割机收获紫云英种子的应用效果研究

为了研究水稻联合收割机收获紫云英种子的应用效果,对比分析了机械收种和人工收种两种方法的种子产量、劳动效率、收割成本和经济效益。结果表明,与传统人工收种方法相比,机械收种降低了紫云英种子的损失率,比人工收种产量增加了92.7 kg/hm2,增幅为16.3%;提高了劳动效率,一台收割机一天收获的紫云英种子数量相当于18~20人一天的收种量;节约了紫云英留种生产的劳动成本,提高了紫云英种子生产的经济效益,采用机械收获紫云英种子比人工收种直接降低劳动成本2 175~3 000元/hm2,增加经济收入3 307~4 099元/hm2。该技术的推广应用对缓解南方稻区紫云英种子的短缺问题以及加快紫云英绿肥作物的发展具有重要的作用。     

Artificial Reefs, the Attraction-production Issue, and Density Dependence in Marine Ornamental Fishes

Artificial reefs may provide a useful tool to enhance production of marine ornamentals and to divert detrimental harvesting activities from sensitive natural habitat. The efficacy of this strategy depends, in part, on the extent to which artificial reefs contribute to new production (vs. attract fishes from natural habitat) and therefore benefit harvested populations on a local and regional basis. Here the attraction and production hypotheses and their application to marine ornamentals are presented. Specifically, it is discussed how the strength and timing of density dependence can affect the response of fish population dynamics to artificial reefs. In addition to this discussion, examples of density dependence in marine ornamentals and related reef fishes are provided. Based on this information, a simple conceptual model is presented to clarify the role of density dependence, and this is followed by a discussion on the use of artificial reefs in the management and production of marine ornamentals. Finally, unresolved scientific issues that remain to be addressed are provided.     

Survival of Atlantic salmon captured in and released from a commercial trap-net: Potential for selective harvesting of stocked salmon

The major wild Atlantic salmon stocks in the Baltic Sea began to recover in the late 1990s. This recovery has been partly due to strict regulations in the Gulf of Bothnia that effectively prevent salmon fisheries during the peak migration. About half of the migrating salmon, however, are reared fish that could be harvested. We simulated a limited trap-net fishery that selectively harvested reared salmon and released wild fish, and studied the survival and migration of the released salmon. We tagged and released 1970 salmon caught in the trap-nets along the coast in 2001 and 2002. The mean maximum capture and release induced mortality of salmon was 11%, ranging between 4% and 21% in different release groups by year, sea age and number of releases. The cumulative mortality for the total salmon population on their spawning migration in the Gulf of Bothnia was below 5%, and it would not increase considerably after the first capture and release events, provided fishing effort is not excessive and fish are handled properly. Survival of trap-net captured and released Baltic salmon appears high and their migration behavior is not altered due to this handling. Several preconditions, however, should be considered before selective fishing is introduced in the Gulf of Bothnia salmon fishery.     

应用RFV评价鄂尔多斯荒漠草原优势牧草营养价值

将采自内蒙古鄂尔多斯地区的禾本科牧草3种、豆科牧草3种和菊科牧草3种分别于6月、7月和9月刈割晾干,共制得27个样本。通过应用饲料相对指数(RFV)进行综合评定可知:将6月、7月和9月分别刈割的同一品种牧草混合后,品质最好的为中苜2号,其次是沙打旺,再次是沙蒿,最差的是花棒;同种牧草不同刈割期比较可知:对于禾本科牧草来说,针茅、冰草和中苜2号在不同刈割期营养价值的大小顺序为6月7月9月;对于豆科牧草来说,花棒、沙打旺在不同刈割期营养价值的大小顺序为6月7月9月,但草木樨在不同刈割期营养价值的大小顺序则为6月9月7月;对于菊科牧草来说,沙蒿、猪毛蒿、籽蒿在不同刈割期营养价值的大小顺序为7月6月9月。     

H1N1亚型猪流感病毒HA和NA基因双重RT-PCR定型检测方法的建立与应用

为了建立适用于临床诊断的H1N1亚型猪流感病毒快速检测方法,本研究根据GenBank已登录的H1N1亚型猪流感病毒HA和NA基因序列设计RT-PCR扩增引物,以H1N1亚型猪流感病毒、H3N2亚型猪流感病毒、猪瘟病毒和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒为试验对照,通过优化RT-PCR反应条件和反应体系,建立了H1N1亚型猪流感病毒HA和NA基因双重RT-PCR定型检测方法。同时,运用H1N1亚型猪流感病毒血凝和血凝抑制试验方法和本研究建立的方法对165份猪病料样品进行了对比验证。结果表明,本研究建立的H1N1亚型猪流感病毒双重RT-PCR具有良好的特异性、敏感性、重复性,所扩增的目的基因片段大小分别为428 bp和678 bp左右,可检出最小基因组RNA浓度为2.9×10-5μg/μL。本研究建立的方法和H1N1亚型猪流感病毒血凝和血凝抑制试验方法均从同一份猪肺脏样品中检测出H1N1亚型猪流感病毒,其余样品中均未检出H1N1亚型猪流感病毒,两种方法符合率为100%。本研究建立的方法适用于H1N1亚型猪流感病毒双基因定型检测,可在H1N1亚型猪流感病毒流行病学调查和临床诊断中应用。     

中华绒螯蟹副性征的研究

在解剖、测量性成熟和未成熟中华绒螯蟹外部形态和性腺之基础上,试用“双百分率法”和“差异显著性检测法”对中华绒螯蟹的副性征进行了研究。结果表明,性成熟后的雌、雄中华绒螯蟹均具有较明显的副性征。