Application Progress of Selenium and Selenoprotein in Aquaculture北大核心CSCD

随着水产养殖产业的高速发展,水产养殖集约化规模扩大,养殖动物密度增大,容易造成氧化应激反应,这迫使水产养殖从业者亟需寻找无毒无害且高效的饲料添加剂以提高水产动物的抗应激能力。硒(Se)是一种人体和动物生长繁育必需的微量元素,其生物学功能主要通过硒蛋白表达,饲料中添加适量的硒能够增强水产动物的抵抗力。本文综述了硒和硒蛋白的种类以及硒对水产动物的生理机制,同时对硒在水产养殖中的应用进行综述,旨在总结不同硒源作为水产饲料添加剂在改善水产动物生长、免疫与肉质等方面的作用,为其在水产养殖中的高效应用提供科学参考。     

放养密度对稻渔（禽）共生模式水稻产量、品质和生态环境的影响研究进展

当前，我国农业正面临人均耕地面积减少、资源与环境约束加剧、保障粮食安全和农民增收难度越来越大等问题，稻田综合种养是推动现代农业绿色高效生态发展的重要生产模式，能在一定程度上解决这些问题。近年来，稻田综合种养产业在国家的助力下迅速发展，但目前综合种养技术相对粗放，各地区缺乏相应的技术标准，尤其是在稻渔（禽）共生模式下水产（禽）动物的规格和放养密度方面缺乏相关的标准，这严重制约了稻田综合种养产业的提档升级与提质增效。本文阐述了目前稻田综合种养产业的发展现状，探讨了稻渔（禽）共生模式下不同水产（禽）动物放养密度对水稻产量、稻米品质和生态环境的影响，提出今后稻渔（禽）共生的发展方向，为提高稻渔（禽）共生模式的综合效益提供参考。     

辣椒及其提取物作为饲料添加剂在不同种属动物中的应用研究进展

辣椒作为调料品及蔬菜，在人类日常饮食和健康方面发挥重要作用，除此之外，辣椒及其提取物在畜禽生产方面具有增强抗病力、提高饲料报酬、减少热应激等作用。介绍了辣椒作为饲料添加剂的3种应用方式（辣椒粉、辣椒素、辣椒油树脂），以及在禽类、猪、反刍动物、兔类、鼠类、水产动物中的应用及作用机理，为辣椒及其提取物在动物生产中的应用提供新的思路。     

Recognition of big mammal species in airborne thermal imaging based on YOLO V5 algorithm

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology, artificial intelligence, and the relevant hardware can be used for monitoring wild animals. However, existing methods have several limitations. Therefore, this study explored the monitoring and protection of Amur tigers and their main prey species using images from UAVs by optimizing the algorithm models with respect to accuracy, model size, recognition speed, and elimination of environmental interference. Thermal imaging data were collected from 2000 pictures with a thermal imaging lens on a DJI M300RTK UAV at the Hanma National Nature Reserve in the Greater Khingan Mountains in Inner Mongolia, Wangqing National Nature Reserve in Jilin Province, and Siberian Tiger Park in Heilongjiang Province. The YOLO V5s algorithm was applied to recognize the animals in the pictures. The accuracy rate was 94.1%, and the size of the model weight (total weight of each model layer trained with the training set) was 14.8 MB. The authors improved the structures and parameters of the YOLO V5s algorithm. As a result, the recognition accuracy rate became 96%, and the model weight was 9.3 MB. The accuracy rate increased by 1.9%, the model weight decreased by 37.2% from 14.8 MB to 9.3 MB, and the recognition time of a single picture was shortened by 34.4% from 0.032 to 0.021 s. This not only increases the recognition accuracy but also effectively lowers the hardware requirements that the algorithm relies on, which provides a lightweight fast recognition method for UAV-based edge computing and online investigation of wild animals.     

A Declaration of Helsinki for animals

ObjectiveThis article examines the ethical principles underlying the Declaration of Helsinki as an internationally agreed justificatory framework for human medical research. The aim of the analysis is to consider the potential usefulness of these principles for defining an internationally agreed ethical 'best practice' in clinical veterinary research (CVR). It is suggested that the specific ethical responsibilities of the clinician to protect the interests of their patient when conducting medical research may be translated into the veterinary setting. Through exploring risk and harm, unproven interventions, vulnerability and informed consent, the article identifies the ethical risks of CVR. It is shown that veterinary regulators in the UK and the European Union have addressed these concerns to varying degrees; however, disagreements over the appropriateness of specific CVR practices are identified. A commitment to collaborative exploration of the benefits and challenges of implementing a Declaration of Helsinki for Animals is proposed.     

加权基因共表达网络分析在畜禽研究中的应用

为了解加权基因共表达网络分析(Weighted gene co-expression network analysis，WGCNA)方法在畜禽中的应用研究，本文对近年来国内外通过WGCNA方法对牛、羊、猪、禽等畜禽进行研究的相关文献进行了整理与分析，总结了WGCNA方法应用的一般分析流程、策略及畜禽WGCNA的研究现状。结果表明:WGCNA是一种系统生物学的方法，可分析转录组、蛋白组、代谢组、DNA甲基化和单细胞转录组等高通量数据，解析分子间调控的表达模式，确定关键调控因子；在畜禽的研究中，WGCNA方法已经广泛应用在生长性状、繁殖性状、抗病性状和品质性状等复杂性状的优势功能因子的挖掘。综上，WGCNA方法对分析组学数据具有较强的优势，可为畜禽重要经济性状的挖掘，阐明性状生物学机制提供助力。