液相色谱柱后衍生法快速测定马铃薯中10种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留

为了提高马铃薯氨基甲酸酯类农药残留检测效率，采用高效液相色谱柱后衍生法建立了马铃薯中10种氨基甲酸酯类农药的快速检测方法，并采用加标回收的方法测定回收率和精密度，以检验该方法的准确性和可靠性。结果表明：10种氨基甲酸酯农药回收率为77.1%～106.0%，相对标准偏差（RSDs） 为1.2%～6.7%，说明液相色谱柱后衍生法快速测定方法简单、快速、经济，可满足马铃薯中10种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的检测工作。     

利用信息肽诱导和Cre/LoxP系统构建猪链球菌基因缺失株

为建立一种高效的猪链球菌(Streptococcus suis)基因缺失方法,本研究利用信息肽诱导DNA片段转化和Cre/LoxP系统去除抗性基因这两种技术,通过在S.suis 05ZYH33的ssu05_1921基因上、下游片段和壮观霉素抗性基因(spc)片段之间引入LoxP位点,采用信息肽GE9诱导构建的DNA片段转化S.suis并发生重组,经抗性筛选快速获得spc替代ssu05_1921基因的缺失株;进一步引入pSET6s/P_tufA-cre质粒表达Cre重组酶作用于LoxP位点,去除spc基因,产生无痕ssu05_1921基因缺失株,经测序和RT-PCR验证缺失正确。本研究建立的该方法简单、快捷、阳性率高,为构建S.suis基因缺失株、研究S.suis致病机制提供了新的选择。     

Effect of the β‐carotene oxygenase 2 genotype on the content of carotenoids,retinol and α‐tocopherol in the liver,fat and milk of rabbit does,reproduction parameters and kitten growth

Mutations in the β‐carotene oxygenase 2 (BCO2) gene can impair the function of the enzyme that breaks down carotenoids. As a result, gradual accumulation of unoxidized carotenoids in animal tissues gives them a yellow colour. The aim of the study was to determine the content of carotenoids, retinol and α‐tocopherol in the liver, fat and milk of rabbit does with three different genotypes determined by AAT‐deletion mutation at codon 248 of the BCO2 gene and to find out whether differences in the concentrations of the above compounds in the tissues and milk of the does affect reproduction parameters and the rearing rate of kittens. The experimental materials comprised 36 does, 12 of each genotype of the BCO2 gene, with their litters. Females with their litters were placed in individual cages, on deep litter. Between days 7 and 13 of lactation, samples of milk were collected from the does. The kittens stayed with their mothers until 35 days of age. After weaning, the does were sacrificed. Tissue samples of liver and perirenal fat were collected for chemical analyses. Additionally, based on samples taken from one female, RNA expression levels were determined from the mammary gland and liver, adipose tissue and skin. It was found that homozygous does with deletion at codon 248 of the BCO2 gene were characterized by considerably higher concentrations of xanthophylls and beta‐carotene in the liver, adipose tissue and milk than does with the remaining genotypes. However, the differences in the content of the above compounds in milk had no influence on litter weight or the number and rearing rate of kittens. Additionally, RNA expression of the BCO2 gene was found in the mammary tissue of lactating doe and its level was similar to those noted in the liver and adipose tissue.     

尖孢镰刀菌番茄专化型中SNARE蛋白FolSso1的功能分析

 SNARE(Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor)蛋白保守存在于丝状真菌中,在膜泡转运的过程中起着关键的作用。番茄枯萎病是由尖孢镰刀菌番茄专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici,Fol)引起的,严重威胁着番茄的生产。我们使用反向遗传学的方法来研究番茄枯萎病菌中SNARE蛋白FolSso1的功能,实验结果发现FolSSO1的基因缺失突变体菌丝生长速率降低,且产孢数量减少。另外,FolSSO1基因的缺失导致突变体相较于野生型菌株对细胞壁压力与细胞膜压力更加敏感。然后,在番茄果实和番茄植株的致病性实验中,我们发现FolSSO1的缺失并没有引起Fol致病性显著的变化。综上所述,本研究发现FolSSO1可以调控Fol营养生长,繁殖和对环境压力的响应过程,然而对Fol的致病过程并没有显著的调控作用。     

Effect of curcumin derivative B06 Bob on synthesis of testosterone from type 2 diabetic rats

AIM: To investigate the effect of curcumin derivatives B06(B06) on the synthesis of testosterone from type 2 diabetic rats. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were evenly divided into 5 groups randomly: normal control group (C group), high fat group (H group), high fat treatment group (HT group), diabetes mellitus group (D group) and diabetes treatment group (DT group). The rats in the later 4 groups were fed with high fat diet, after 4 weeks of high fat diet feeding, the rats from D group and DT group were injected with low dose of streptozotocin intraperitoneally to induce diabetes mellitus, while the rats in HT group and DT group were gavaged with B06 at the dose of 0.2 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 for 8 weeks. The blood glucose was detected by glucometer, blood insulin was assayed by ELISA and the insulin resistance index was calculated. The morphology of testes were observed by light and transmission electron microscopy. Serum testosterone and estradiol were measured by radioimmunoassay. The protein expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) was detected by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression of StAR, cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), cytochrome P450 17A1 (P450c17), cytochrome P450 aromatizing enzyme (P450arom), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) and 17β-HSD was detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS: The levels of blood glucose and insulin resistance index were increased in H group and D group, and serum testosterone was decreased, all of which were reversed after the treatment of B06. Testicular seminiferous tubule was distorted, spermatogenic cells were dropped in H group and D group. In addition, leydig cells were found to have swelling mitochondria in H group and D group, endoplasmic reticulum was reduced, and there was karyopyknosis accompany with sparse chromatin, all of which were ameliorated by B06. The protein expression of StAR was decreased in D group. The mRNA expression of StAR and P450scc was decreased in H group and D group, all of which were increased in B06 treatment group. There was no significant difference in the mRNA expression of P450c17, P450arom, 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD. CONCLUSION: B06 may increase serum testosterone and relieve the damage of testes from type 2 diabetic rats. B06 improves metabolic disorder by up-regulating mRNA expression of StAR and P450scc.     

日粮添加赛乐硒对西门塔尔牛瘤胃发酵和尿嘌呤衍生物含量的影响

选用7头体重420 kg,2.5岁装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的西门塔尔牛,采用7×7拉丁方设计,研究日粮添加赛乐硒(7.5,15.0和22.5 mg/d)和Na2SeO3(7.5,15.0和22.5 mg/d)对瘤胃发酵和尿嘌呤衍生物含量的影响。结果表明,15.0和22.5 mg/d赛乐硒组瘤胃pH值显著低于Na2SeO3组(P<0.05)。各处理组瘤胃氨态氮浓度显著低于对照组,但赛乐硒与Na2SeO3处理之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。22.5 mg/d赛乐硒组瘤胃乙酸浓度显著高于Na2SeO3组,赛乐硒各组丙酸浓度显著高于Na2SeO3各组及对照组,15.0和22.5 mg/d赛乐硒组瘤胃丁酸和总挥发性脂肪酸浓度显著高于Na2SeO3组,赛乐硒各组乙酸/丙酸显著低于Na2SeO3各组及对照组(P<0.05)。15.0mg/d赛乐硒组玉米秸秆干物质、有机物质、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维有效降解率显著高于其他处理(P<0.05)。15.0 mg/d赛乐硒组豆粕干物质有效降解率显著高于对照组,15.0 mg/d赛乐硒组豆粕粗蛋白质有效降解率显著高于7.5 mg/d赛乐硒组(P<0.05)。15.0 mg/d赛乐硒组尿嘌呤衍生物含量显著高于Na2SeO3组(P<0.05)。赛乐硒较Na2SeO3显著促进瘤胃发酵,促进瘤胃纤维等营养物质的分解,促进蛋白质的合成,适宜补充量为7.5~15.0 mg/d。     

Semisynthetic ferulic acid derivative: an efficient feed additive for Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Ferulic acid (FA) derivative was synthesized by modifying the functional groups of FA as dietary additive in the feeding of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) juveniles. Structural confirmation of this compound was based on IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR techniques. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary FA derivative supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant status and serum biochemical parameters of GIFT juveniles compared with that of FA. A total of 675 fish with an average initial weight of 10.73 ± 0.40 g were fed nine diets supplemented with 0, 0.26, 0.52, 1.04 and 2.08 mmol kg^?1 FA, or 0.26, 0.52, 1.04 and 2.08 mmol kg^?1 FA derivative. Each diet was assigned to three replicate groups of 25 experimental tilapia for 56 days. Weight gain (WG) in groups of fish fed FA derivative was much higher than that of fish fed FA diet (P < 0.05). The antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT and GPx) in serum and liver of tilapia fed the FA derivative diets were significantly higher, while the malondialdehyde values were significantly lower than those of the fish fed the FA diets (P < 0.05). The serum biochemical parameters of GIFT were significantly improved by the FA derivative supplement. Moreover, feed conversion ratio, hepatosomatic index and viscerosomatic index were significantly decreased in fish fed FA or FA derivative diet at 0.52 mmol kg^?1 feed (P < 0.05). The investigation on the semisynthetic FA derivative provides a new way for developing safe and efficient feed additives.     

基于光谱FOD与优化指数的银川平原土壤有机质含量反演

土壤有机质（SOM）是土壤肥力的重要组成部分,是作物生长的主要养分来源。为探究分数阶微分（FOD）联合优化光谱指数对低肥力地区SOM的反演效果,以银川平原为研究对象,对野外土壤高光谱反射率原始数据进行0~2阶FOD处理（间隔0.2阶）,构建优化光谱指数DI/RDI、DI/NDI、NDI/RDI、RDI/NDI、DI/GDI和RI/GDI,分析各指数与土壤有机质含量间的二维相关性,筛选出最佳优化光谱指数,并建立基于支持向量机（SVM）的SOM含量反演模型。结果表明：银川平原SOM含量整体偏低,其中93.05%处于四级到六级水平。土壤野外原始光谱反射率吸收特征差异明显,在1400、1900nm处有明显吸收峰。随着分数阶的不断增加,光谱反射率不断趋近于0。土壤DI/NDI、DI/GDI、RI/GDI、NDI/RDI和RDI/NDI在0~2阶最大相关系数绝对值（MACC）均小于0.80,DI/RDI在0.2~2.0阶范围内的MACC为0.9965~0.9986,其敏感波段主要集中在1450~1750nm和2100~2400nm之间。基于0.2阶微分处理的DI/RDI-SVM模型对SOM的反演精度最佳,建模决定系数R2c和验证决定系数R2p分别为0.98和0.99,相对分析误差（RPD）为4.31。研究结果可为低肥力地区的SOM含量快速、准确反演及制图提供科学依据。     

福建将乐林场主要树种冠层光谱反射特征分析

【目的】对福建将乐林场主要树种的冠层光谱曲线进行分析,以建立和完善该地区森林树种光谱数据库,并对利用高光谱数据研究森林树种分类提供理论和技术支持。【方法】对实测的林场内5个主要树种(马尾松、杉木、毛竹、木荷和苦槠栲)的平均冠层反射光谱曲线,采用导数光谱、红边特征及将冠层光谱曲线转化到频率域的离散傅里叶变换方法进行分析,比较各树种冠层光谱曲线在空间和频率域上的差别。【结果】在可见光波段(480~700nm),毛竹和苦槠栲的冠层反射率高于其他树种;在近红外波段(720~920nm),苦槠栲、木荷、毛竹的冠层反射率明显高于马尾松和杉木,且苦槠栲木荷毛竹。一阶导数光谱对植被类型有很好的区分作用,可以将植被在可见光波段附近吸收谷的特征和在近红外波段的红边特征进行突出显示。冠层光谱的红边特征参数表现为木荷和苦槠栲的光谱曲线红边斜率较大,明显高于马尾松、杉木和毛竹;毛竹的红边位置明显低于其他树种。对树种冠层光谱的频谱分析结果得出,冠层光谱前12次谐波能量累计达到99%,原始光谱曲线冠层光谱在频域上也有可分性,前4次谐波的幅度谱可以将苦槠栲、木荷和毛竹区分出来。【结论】不同树种的光谱曲线在空间域和频率域都存在明显的差别,光谱曲线的红边参数和冠层光谱在频率域的幅度谱有助于定量化地区分不同的树种类型。