Amazonian deforestation and global warming: carbon stocks in vegetation replacing Brazil''s Amazon forest

Carbon stocks in vegetation replacing forest in Brazilian Amazonia affect net emissions of greenhouse gases from land-use change. A Markov matrix of annual transition probabilities was constructed to estimate landscape composition in 1990 and to project future changes, assuming behavior of farmers and ranchers remains unchanged. The estimated 1990 landscape was 5.4% farmland, 44.8% productive pasture, 2.2% degraded pasture, 2.1% ‘young’ (1970 or later) secondary forest derived from agriculture, 28.1% ‘young’ secondary forest derived from pasture, and 17.4% ‘old’ (pre-1970) secondary forest. The landscape would eventually approach an equilibrium of 4.0% farmland, 43.8% productive pasture, 5.2% degraded pasture, 2.0% secondary forest derived from agriculture, and 44.9% secondary forest derived from pasture. An insignificant amount is regenerated ‘forest’ (defined as secondary forest over 100 years old). Average total biomass (dry matter, including below-ground and dead components) was 43.5 t ha⁻¹ in 1990 in the 410 × 10³ km² deforested by that year for uses other than hydroelectric dams. At equilibrium, average biomass would be 28.5 t ha⁻¹ over all deforested areas (excluding dams). These biomass values are more than double those forming the basis of deforestation emission estimates currently used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Although higher replacement landscape biomass decreases net emissions from deforestation, these estimates still imply large net releases.     

意大利214杨林地施肥效应研究

本项试验按正交设计,试验观测历时7年,从苗木栽植直至林木工艺成熟,对林分生长全过程进行了定期观测及系统研究。其主要结论是:在较贫瘠的土壤上进行林地施肥,对Ⅰ-214杨有明显的增产效应,与对照区相比,施肥区材积最大增长量达132％。在不同肥料中氮肥效应突出,氮、磷、钾及绿肥压青合理配合,能取得增产的最佳效果。     

美国山核桃在云南的引种适应性报告

1974～2000年美国山核桃在云南省漾濞、永平、昌宁等地进行引种试验和扩大引种试验表明，该树种生长量以第7年最大，金华和绍兴品种结果多，产量高；山站2号和兴林13号各项丰产指标均低，株产量少；结实大小年明显，金华品种为2年一周期，绍兴为3年；与原产地浙江相比，品质较好；在中亚热带生长和开花结实表现很好。美国山核桃与国内外在良好管理条件下的产量和质量基本相同，适宜于云南省栽培。从而为云南省增添了一个新的经济林木树种，填补了核桃分布下限没有好的油料干果树种可供发展的空白。     

刚果12号桉与厚荚相思混交林的养分效应

刚果12号桉与厚荚相思行状混交抑制了两试验树种的生长,混交提高了桉树N营养水平,却降低了桉树P、K的吸收量.混交对林木生长的影响可能由两树种间N的再分配和P、K的竞争的养分效应所致.     

马尾松-木荷混交造林效果的调查研究

我国南方立地条件差的低丘岗地,营造马尾松纯林易遭病虫危害,水土流失严重,林地肥力降低,难于成材,为此,对江西高安县9年生马尾松-木荷混交林及其纯林进行了综合调查研究,设立标准地,进行林分生长量、生物量、叶面积、根系、土壤、植被、病虫害、枯落物、水土流失、小气候等观测研究。结果表明,混交林的树高、胸径、每公顷立木蓄积量分别比纯松林大30 9%、31 7%、10 7%,生物量是纯松林的2 24倍,枯落物是纯松、荷林的3 37、1 96倍,病虫害的株发生率、水土流失、小气候等的改善均优于纯松林。松 荷混交林是我国亚热带地区,尤其是低丘岗地上值得推广的优良针阔混交类型。在生产上,建议进行株间、行间或小块状混交,或星散状混交,马尾松、木荷混交比例为5～3∶1,初植株行距为1 2m×1 2m、1 5m×1 5m或2m×2m,密度为4440～6944株·hm-2。     

单叶省藤组培苗造林初步研究

单叶省藤(CalamussimplicifoliusC F Wei)是我国华南地区的优质商品藤种,其藤茎质量好,为编制家具的优质原料[1～3]。70年代以来的栽培试验表明,它不仅适应性强,而且速生,可广泛栽培于海南、广东、广西、云南和福建等省区,为我国棕榈藤栽培的首选藤种[1]。但野生资源由于长期过度采伐而枯竭,少量试验林未结实或结实甚少,推广栽培因种质资源奇缺而受到严重制约[2]。通过组织培养等生物技术工厂化快繁单叶省藤,是解决扩大栽培种苗问题的最好途径。因而开展了单叶省藤组培和造林技术研究,现将组培苗造林试验结果及其特殊性予以报道。1　…     

番荔枝在元江的引种成效及栽培技术

1992年在云南省元江县 4个引种点的种植试验结果表明 :番荔枝在元江海拔 4 0 0～ 92 1m ,年均温 2 1～2 4℃的干热河谷地区生长良好 ,种后 2～ 3年开始结果 ,每hm2 产量达 2 5 5 4kg ;6年生幼树每hm2 产果 14 4 5 8kg,产值 4 86 30元。番荔枝对土壤的适应性较强 ,但以砂壤土种植为宜 ,可获高产。番荔枝间种芒果模式 ,是提高幼林果园经济效益的一种有效经营方式。另对番荔枝的育苗、种植技术、水肥管理、整形修剪、病虫害防治等作了系统介绍     

抚育间伐对森林生长的影响及其模型研究

抚育间伐对森林生长的影响体现在很多方面,包括对林分生产力及其林分因子、林下植被及灌木、林下土壤和天然更新影响等方面。对国内外学者在这些方面的研究进行了综述,简单介绍了抚育间伐对森林生长影响的模型研究进展情况。指出了抚育间伐对森林生长影响研究方面存在的问题及今后的发展趋势。     

Root growth enhancement by rhizospheric aluminum treatment in Quercus serrata Thunb. seedlings

This article discusses the effect of aluminum on root growth of Querucus serrata Thunb. In a 9-week hydroponics experiment, the effects of various concentrations (0 to 5.0 mM) of Al on root growth were examined. Results revealed that root biomass increases with the increase in Al concentration up to 2.5 mM, and then it tended to decrease. In the next experiment, the effects of H⁺ and Al³⁺ on roots were compared in a 4-week hydroponics experiment using three treatment solutions: control (pH 6.0), −Al (without Al, pH 3.5), and +Al (with 2.5 mM Al, pH 3.5). No clear difference in the biomass and root length between the control and −Al treated roots was observed, and root and shoot biomass were increased by Al treatment. These results confirmed that the H⁺ concentration level, at a pH of 3.5, is not toxic for Q. serrata and the Al-induced increase in root biomass is not caused by the amelioration of H⁺ toxicity by Al. In the third experiment, roots were exposed to an Al solution (pH 3.6) intermittently. This treatment clarified that Al stimulated rooting and root elongation. In the fourth experiment, the effect of 1 mM Al on root growth during a 15-month period in a sand culture were examined. This experiment confirmed that Al stimulated good growth and development of root systems at appropriate concentrations. Therefore, it is considered that Al-induced root growth enhancement occurs as a long-term and short-term phenomenon.     

杜鹃花属植物内生真菌对毛棉杜鹃幼苗生长的影响

对来自粤北3种野生杜鹃花属植物根样中的聚多曲霉（Aspergillus sydowii）（菌株号：YJ1,YS2）、杂色曲霉A. versicolor（菌株号：GD1）3个内生真菌菌株及其混合菌剂进行瓶内接种试验,比较其对毛棉杜鹃（Rhododendron moulmainense）幼苗的菌根侵染率、苗高和生物量的影响。结果表明,3个菌株及其混合菌剂均可与毛棉杜鹃幼苗根系形成菌根共生体,但不同菌剂在不同培养基上对毛棉杜鹃幼苗根系的侵染力、苗高增长和生物量增重效果存在显著差异（P<0.05）。多数菌剂（YS2、M3、M1、M2）在MMN培养基上对幼苗根系侵染力显著高于WPM培养基和混合基质培养基（P<0.05）,而多数接菌苗（YJ1、GD1、M2、M3）在WPM培养基上生长显著优于MMN培养基（P<0.05）,YS2、GD1和混合菌剂M2（YS2+GD1）对毛棉杜鹃幼苗的增高和增重具有明显的促生作用。