Effect of concentration on uptake of some trace metals by plants

Abstract

The uptake by plants of somes trace metals at different concentrations was related closely to the decay constant, I. This means that for a 10‐fold increase in applied concentration, the increase in uptake was close to 4. 93 (10^0.693 = 4. 93). With some trace metals the value of Y (10^Y = ratio of uptake for 10‐fold increase in metal concentration was around 1. For generalized conditions the value of Y in the expression, (/ = uptake ratio, for different concentrations and varied around I. Some values of Y for whole plants were Ni, 0.699 with C.V. (coefficient of variation) 12.2%, Cu, 0.468 with C.V. 12.1%, Zn, 0.606 with C V. 31.5%, and Cd, 0.903 with C.V. 10.9%. From soil the values for shoots for Co were 0.855 (C.V. = 14.8%) without EDTA (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid) and 0. 941 (C. V. = 20. 8%) with EDTA; for Cu with EDTA it was 0. 562 (C. V. = 25.8%). with EDTA; for Cu with EDTA it was 0.562 (C.V. =25.8%).     

无机钴对体外瘤胃微生物氮代谢的影响

钴是瘤胃微生物生长不可缺少的元素,为研究日粮添加无机钴对瘤胃微生物氮代谢的影响,用人工瘤胃模拟装置研究添加不同水平钴(0 mg/kgDM、0.05 mg/kgDM、0.10 mg/kgDM、0.15 mg/kgDM、0.20 mg/kgDM和0.25 mg/kgDM)对体外癌胃液氨浓度和微生物氮产量的影响.结果表明,与不添加的对照纽相比,添加钴可使发酵液的不同时间点氧浓度和总氨浓度、总微生物氮产量显著增加(P＜0.05),并明显提高有机物发酵率(P＜0.05),添加钴明显促进瘤胃微生物对日粮有机物的发酵,增加微生物氮产量.     

Development of a specific radioimmunoassay for vitamin B12 and its application in the diagnosis of cobalt deficiency in sheep

A radioimmunoassay (RIA) for vitamin B₁₂ is described. Antisera were raised in rabbits using a conjugate between 5-O-succinyl cyanocobalamin and chicken serum albumin. The antibody is largely specific for the (upper) face of the vitamin B₁₂ molecule. The RIA can detect vitamin B₁₂ down to concentrations of 37 pmol/L and correlated well (r=0.980, p<0.001) with a commercial radioassay. The use of this RIA, together with an assay for plasma methylmalonic acid, in the diagnosis of cobalt/vitamin B₁₂ deficiency in sheep is described.     

Cobalt chloride enhances crop duration,increases production,and productivity of chickpea

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of chickpea, Cicer arietinum cv. GG 2 to cobalt sulfate and cobalt chloride at 0, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1,600?g ha^?1. At three leaf stage chickpea seedlings were fertigated with both cobalt sources and levels. Both cobalt sources at the higher level (400 to 1,600?g ha^?1) were found injurious to chickpea. All growth, yield, and quality parameters were adversely affected by cobalt sulfate at every level; however, cobalt chloride has given appreciable result up to 100 and 200?g ha^?1 over no application of cobalt. Cobalt content in plant and soil increased linearly with increases in cobalt concentration, which reduced chickpea yield linearly. Cobalt sulfate was apparently more harmful than cobalt chloride. The study suggests cobalt chloride has not shown any toxicity up to 100?g ha^?1 and can be used for higher productivity of chickpea.     

日粮中添加富硒钴锌苜蓿草粉对三黄鸡屠体品质的影响

 在三黄鸡的日粮中添加10 %的富硒、富硒钴、富硒钴锌等3种高微苜蓿草粉,研究这些草粉对三黄雏鸡产品品质的影响。结果表明：在三黄雏鸡日粮中添加10%的高微苜蓿草粉,能显著提高动物产品中肝脏、肾脏、骨骼肌和心脏中硒的含量,其中肝脏Se含量最高,其次为肾脏。随着日粮中硒量增加,更多硒首先富积在肝脏和肾脏中。而富硒钴和富硒钴锌苜蓿草粉比富硒苜蓿草粉更有利于硒在鸡内脏中富集。另外,添加富硒钴和富硒钴锌苜蓿草粉对肉中蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物的含量影响不显著,但能显著提高其中Fe、Cu和Zn的含量。     

Vitamin B12 responses to cobalt pellets in beef cows

Objective To assess the effectiveness of cobalt pellets in maintaining adequate vitamin B₁₂ in beef cows on pasture of low cobalt content.
Design A field experiment in a herd grazing cobalt deficient pasture.
Animals Mature Murray Grey cows.
Procedure Cows were given a single oral dose of 0, 1, 2 or 4 cobalt pellets (30 g pellets containing 30% by weight cobaltic oxide) with a selenium pellet and a grub screw. Samples of blood, liver, faeces and milk for chemical analyses were collected at intervals over a period of 2 years after treatment.
Results A single cobalt pellet raised liver vitamin B₁₂ concentration of cows above that of untreated cows for at least 28 weeks, and 2 or 4 pellets for 57 weeks. Plasma vitamin B₁₂ concentration was an unreliable indicator of the effectiveness of cobalt pellet therapy. Milk vitamin B₁₂ and faecal cobalt concentrations increased in response to cobalt pellet therapy.
Conclusion These studies show that one cobalt pellet will prevent vitamin B₁₂ inadequacy in beef cows for between 28 and 57 weeks; two or four pellets will prevent inadequacy for 57 to 75 weeks. Milk vitamin B₁₂ concentration may be a useful indicator of the effectiveness of cobalt pellets in increasing the vitamin B₁₂ supply in lactating cows.     

Effect of Cobalt Ion Implantation on Behavior of Ni(OH)_2/NiOOH Electrode

Clectrochemial reaction occurred on Ni(OH)2/NiOOH electrode was studied with electrochemical method and ellipsometry with wavelength sweep.Cobalt was implanted intosurface of nickel with fonim plantation technology to improve charge efficiency of the electrode. With fitting ellipemetric experimental data,transformation model of the surface film was obtainedduring charge and discharge. Implantation of cobalt did not affect the model,but made charge effi-ciency be increased.     

Cyanide effects on transport of trace metals in plants

Abstract

Cyanide at levels of 50 to 100 μg NaCN/g soil was not only toxic to bush bean plants, but also resulted in increased uptake of Cu, Co, Ni, Al, Ti, and, to a slight extent, of Fe. Either the phytotoxicity from the cyanide or the metals resulted in increased transport of Na to leaves from roots. In studies with ¹⁴C‐cyanide the transport of some cyanide into plants and to leaves simultaneously with the metals was demonstrated. There was a root, stem, leaf gradient for ¹⁴C. From solutions, cyanide resulted in increased plant uptake somewhat of Cu, Zn, and Fe. The results have bearing on the use of cyanide as a metabolic inhibitor as well as on phytotoxicities of metals.     

放牧羊钴缺乏症的调查报告

取某牧场干瘦、面部被毛粘结、流泪的病羊30只,进行血液学和血液生化检查。结果发现:羊只血红细胞总数、血红蛋白含量均低于正常值,红细胞指数中平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(MCH)及平均红细胞体积(MCV)增加,平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)变化不大,可诊断为正细胞性贫血;血液白细胞总数明显减少,血糖含量低于正常值。血清中铁、铜含量正常,而血清中钴含量极显著低于正常值(P<0.01),毛中铁、铜含量正常。对牧场自然环境调查检测发现,土壤中铁、钴足够,铜边缘缺乏,牧草中钴边缘缺乏。对得出的数据进行综合分析,可初步诊断为该牧场羊只患有慢性钴缺乏症。