脂肪酶和酯酶指纹分析在嗜酸耐热菌快速鉴定中的应用

【目的】采用反相高效液相色谱建立嗜酸耐热菌的脂肪酶和酯酶指纹图谱,为建立基于脂肪酶和酯酶指纹分析的嗜酸耐热菌快速鉴定方法提供参考。【方法】将5个脂肪酶和酯酶底物直接与嗜酸耐热菌反应,通过反相高效液相色谱检测得到了9株嗜酸耐热菌的脂肪酶和酯酶指纹色谱图,并对色谱数据进行系统聚类分析。【结果】所得脂肪酶和酯酶指纹图谱能将脂环酸芽孢杆菌和芽孢杆菌明显分为2个类群,且同一属的2个不同种的细菌也能得到正确归类。【结论】脂肪酶和酯酶指纹分析能够用于嗜酸耐热菌的快速鉴别,且简便快速、重现性好、经济成本低,具有广阔的应用前景。     

茭白鞘叶成分及其尿素和碱处理的影响

通过比较分析夏、秋季茭白鞘叶(sheathing leaf of Zizania latifolia,SLZL)、叶片等成分差异,并利用5%尿素和3%氢氧化钠(sodium hydroxide,NaOH)溶液处理,观察、分析其对SLZL感官和成分的影响,以期为SLZL饲料化利用提供依据。结果显示:秋茭鞘叶的总能和粗蛋白含量分别比夏茭高1.85%～2.28%和6.42%～10.14%,而粗纤维、中洗纤维、酸洗纤维、半纤维、木质素和粗灰分的含量低于夏茭,夏、秋茭叶片的总能和粗蛋白含量分别比叶鞘高8.59%和71.47%;尿素溶液处理后SLZL呈鲜绿色,NaOH处理后呈浅黄色,且质地明显变软、变薄;NaOH处理后干物质和粗蛋白的溶出率分别为48.42%和13.52%,是尿素组的2.8倍和5.4倍,中洗纤维和半纤维的溶出率达到27.27%和24.15%。由此,秋茭鞘叶的饲用价值要优于夏茭,叶片优于叶鞘和鞘叶,尿素和NaOH处理有利于提高草食动物对SLZL的适口性和养分消化,结合生产实际,尿素处理SLZL是可选择的方法。     

Physiological responses of Populus euphratica Oliv. to groundwater table variations in the lower reaches of Heihe River, Northwest China

Riparian vegetation in the lower reaches of Heihe River serves important ecological functions. However, the riparian ecosystems have been constantly deteriorating in the past 30 years simply due to water interception for oasis agricultural irrigation in the middle reaches of the river. This study pays a particular attention to Populus euphratica Oliv. forest because it is a dominant component of the riparian ecosystem in the lower reaches of Heihe River where the depth of groundwater table is the controlling factor in sustaining riparian ecosystems. To reveal leaf-related physiological responses of Populus euphratica Oliv. forest to groundwater table variations, we analyzed the relationships between the depth of groundwater table (DG) and three leaf-related parameters, i.e. leaf stomatal density (SD), specific leaf area (SLA), and stable carbon isotopic composition (δ 13 C). Our results show that the relationship between DG and leaf SD is a bi-mode one shaped by both salt stress and water stress. That is, salt stress appeared in shallow groundwater conditions and water stress happened in deep groundwater conditions, and the thin layer around 2.7 m of DG is a stress-free layer. Leaf SD fluctuated according to the DG variation, first decreased with increasing DG, then increased at depths ranging 2.7-3.7 m, and after a relatively stable plateau of SD at depths ranging 3.7-5.2 m, decreased again with increasing DG. Our results also show that SLA decreased exponentially with increasing DG and foliar δ 13 C values are also strongly dependent on DG, further demonstrating that these two parameters are sensitive indicators of water stress. The exponential curve suggests that SLA is more sensitive to DG when groundwater table is shallow and 3 m seems to be a threshold beyond which SLA becomes less sensitive to DG. Foliar δ 13 C becomes more sensitive when the groundwater table is deep and 7 m seems to be a threshold below which the δ 13 C signature becomes more sensitive to DG. These findings should be helpful in monitoring the growth and development of Populus euphratica Oliv. forests and also in providing protection measures (i.e. DG related) for Heihe River riparian forests.     

酶-超声波法提取红薯茎叶中绿原酸的工艺研究

以红薯[Ipomoea batatas(L.) Lam]茎叶为原料,采用酶-超声波提取绿原酸.对料液比、加酶量、超声功率和超声时间进行了单因素和正交试验.确定绿原酸提取的最佳工艺为料液比1∶20、加酶量1.5％、超声波功率175W、提取时间20 min,在此条件下,绿原酸的提取率为3.45％.     

安康富硒食品特色农业产业集群发展的SWOT分析

陕西省安康市富硒食品特色农业产业开发显现出良好态势,已形成初级形态的特色农业产业集群雏形.文章运用SWOT分析方法,分析了安康市富硒食品产业集群发展的内在优势和劣势、外在机会和威胁,并提出了相应的发展战略和对策建议.     

小麦条锈病单叶片光谱和叶绿素含量关系分析

为了利用遥感监测小麦条锈病,研究条锈病侵染后小麦单叶光谱和叶绿素含量变化,人工接种条锈病菌在小麦幼苗上,测得接种1～24d的光谱和叶绿素含量,将其叶绿素含量与光谱及其一阶微分做相关性分析,利用光谱微分参数进行方程的模拟。接种1～12d,感染条锈病的叶片叶绿素含量与原始光谱及其一阶微分光谱在可见光波段呈负相关关系,接种13～24d,两者在可见光波段呈正相关的关系。接种后1～12d的方程模拟中以SDb为变量的模型为最佳模型,接种13～24d的方程模拟中以SDr/SDg为变量的模型为最佳模型,说明可利用光谱参数进行条锈病侵染小麦的早期监测。     

郴州烟叶对中式卷烟的适宜性分析及改进措施

对近年郴州烟叶进行检测,结果表明:郴州烟叶颜色、结构、身份、油分、色度等外观都较好,但提高成熟度、控制青筋烟仍是主要努力方向;评吸质量中偏上;化学成分比较好,总体上协调、稳定,在烟叶燃烧的过程中形成的致香物质含量较多,烟碱及总氮含量适中;等级结构合理,郴州烟叶总体上符合工业公司质量要求。建议提高生产技术措施到位率、选用优良品种、加大土壤改良力度、改进施肥技术、改善灌溉条件、正确把握烟叶成熟度,以进一步改善郴州烟叶质量。     

水稻细菌性条斑病抗性QTL微卫星标记的筛选及其在基因聚合育种研究中的应用

以高抗细条病水稻品系Dular和H359R为抗性供体亲本,在筛选与抗病基因紧密连锁的SSR分子标记的基础上,通过混合选择结合MAS技术的方法,将QTL聚合在一起。连锁SSR标记的筛选结果表明,紧密连锁的SSR标记与相应的目标QTL的推测距离在0.4～4.9cM,可以满足MAS对标记选择准确率的要求。MAS选择结果表明,有效聚合2～4个目标QTL是培育广谱抗细条病品种的有效途径。     

氮肥处理对新稻18号水稻产量及叶片形态特征的影响

以新稻18号为试验材料,在大田条件下研究了0、232.5 kg/hm2、255.0 kg/hm2、277.5 kg/hm2、300.0kg/hm2、322.5 kg/hm2和345.0 kg/hm2纯氮水平下水稻产量、叶片形态特征的差异及其之间的关系。结果表明,随着施氮量的增加,水稻产量呈先增加后降低的趋势,至255 kg/hm2纯氮水平下水稻产量达最大,此氮肥水平下水稻上三叶的受光姿态较其他处理综合表现较好。从不同氮肥处理对水稻上三叶的形态特征影响来看,倒二叶长受氮肥影响较大,倒一叶长受氮肥影响较小;倒一叶叶宽受氮肥影响较大,倒三叶叶宽受氮肥影响较小,说明氮肥处理对水稻叶片的影响主要表现在倒二叶叶长和倒一叶叶宽两个特性上。以水稻产量为因变量,叶片各形态特征为自变量进行逐步回归分析表明,倒二叶叶长、倒一叶叶宽和叶面指数(LAI)与产量建立的逐步回归方程达到了极显著水平(r=0.996 2**),说明倒二叶叶长、倒一叶叶宽和叶面指数对产量的作用较大。     

产业集聚区与新型城镇化互动发展的思考

通过对产业集聚与新型城镇化的基本概念、形成过程的分析,研究产业集聚区与新型城镇化建设的互动发展关系,并提出促进其互动发展的对策建议。