农业科技园区发展存在问题与对策

农业科技园区在我国已发展有10多年,在推动农业科技成果转化和农业技术推广,农业结构调整,提高农民收入方面发挥了重要作用.为推动农业科技园区健康持续发展,本文详细阐述了制约当前我国农业科技园区建设和健康发展所亟需解决的五个方面的问题,针对这些问题,笔者对我国农业科技园区建设和健康发展提出了对策和建议.     

沙漠地区公路植物防沙体系维护技术及效益分析——以G304国道公路植物防沙体系维护技术为例

本文以G304国道公路为例,选择典型路段K456-459km和K466-468km(通辽市科左后旗境内)为试验区,研究了公路路域范围内防护体系存在的问题及解决办法。认为植物种单调、防护体系结构不完善,自我调节能力弱、稳定性差是影响防护体系效益的主要原因,提出封育、人工补植、加强管护是调节林分结构、完善防护林网、保证沙漠地区公路畅通的主要措施。维护后防沙体系稳定性明显增加,并有效地降低了风速,增加了地表粗糙度,削弱了风沙流强度,达到了阻截流沙,控制沙害、保证公路畅通的目的。     

高产小麦品种栽培正交试验

[目的]为滨州市小麦产量由中产向高产过渡提供依据。[方法]通过正交试验和单因素试验,研究品种、行距、播量、尿素和过磷酸钙对小麦产量的影响。[结果]在该试验条件下,各因素对小麦产量影响的主次顺序为:尿素>过磷酸钙>品种>播量>行距,最优处理组合为品种辐63,行距16.7 cm,播量90.0 kg/hm2,尿素360 kg/hm2,过磷酸钙1 500 kg/hm2,产量达7 413.0 kg/hm2。方差分析表明氮肥是影响小麦产量高低的主要因素。单因素试验表明在该试验条件下,尿素以450kg/hm2为宜,播量以82.5～105.0kg/hm2即基本苗165万～210万株/hm2为宜。[结论]低产薄地施过磷酸钙1 500 kg/hm2、尿素525～600 kg/hm2,肥地施尿素450 kg/hm2,过磷酸钙750 kg/hm2,基本苗120～180万株/hm2,行距20～25 cm,小麦产量才能达到7 500 kg/hm2。     

泡沫塑料雕塑技术在鸵鸟形态标本制作中的应用研究

传统的形态标本制作是用棉花稻草等物做填充,或用钢筋、木头、石膏做成假体,存在着形态不逼真、易变形、易发霉、假体的制作工艺复杂、耗材多、重量重、易破损等缺点。本试验采用塑料泡沫雕塑技术成功制作出鸵鸟形态标本,具有形态逼真、不易变形、不易霉变、不易损坏、重量轻、易加工、工艺简单等优点。本试验对鸵鸟养殖业的生产、教育、科研及科学普及都具有积极的意义,对动物形态标本的制作也起到了积极作用。     

聚乙烯管套接衬里新工艺

介绍了在管道内防腐方面应用比较广泛的聚乙烯管套接衬里工艺的基本原理，施衬过程及其特点，并着重介绍了中密度聚乙烯管转动塞入衬里新工艺。由于这种衬里管成圆度高、摩阻氏，并具有抗化学物质侵蚀等特点，所以经实践证明，采用聚乙烯管转动成衬的客道不但流体损失少，而且对输送颗粒物质的抗蚀性较高。     

Technology and Infrastructure Considerations for E-Commerce in Chinese Agriculture

Information technology （IT） was one of the most intensively studied and extensively applied technologies in the 20th century and its research and application will be even more accelerated in the 21st century. The impact of IT is more farreaching than any one may have had imagined, encompassing all facets and sectors of society. Economically, e-commerce generated more than $1.5 trillion in the US in 2004 and is projected to be 30, 15 and 2.6% of the total manufacturing, whole sales and retail sales in the US in 2006 respectively. IT research in agriculture has so far been particularly applied to such fields as precision farming and bioinformatics and in extension and farming practices. As such, its potential application in agricultural e-commerce has only begun to be explored. The United States Department of Agriculture has identified four different functions that e-commerce firms perform in the agricultural sector. They are： （1） information distribution, （2） input supply, （3） commodity trading floor, and （4） logistics/supply chain management. Unlike other industrial products, agricultural products are much more diverse and difficult to process and handle. For instance, fruits and vegetables are perishable and have to reach the market and the hands of consumers within a short period of time. One of the problems for IT applications in agriculture is the lack of standard measures in characteristics and quality of perishable produce and processing foods. Standards are pre-requisites for effective IT application and e-commerce. According to the Global Commerce Initiative, standards bring scalability, portability and affordability to the business process. Standards speed up the supply chain and reduce errors and protect technology investments and ensure system to system interaction and interoperability. Because the complexity of issues involved in standardization, the process of standardization must involve the input and discussion from all segments of the society. Being the largest agricultural country in the world and one of the most active trading partners in the international market, China must also be involved in determining the standards for both domestic and international trades. These measures are the necessary foundations for e-commerce in agriculture. In this paper, we provide a review of the technological development of standardization and coding that are prerequisites for IT application in e-commerce. This understanding is important for professionals in China to promote e- commerce in agriculture. Finally, we propose that a national committee to be formed in China, which includes IT experts from private sectors, academic professionals and governmental officials. This committee should consider the progress being made elsewhere in the world, the unique properties of Chinese commodities and appropriate business models to determine a set of standard measures that are transportable and communicable digitally in the world market for China＇s e- commerce in agriculture.     

Application of comptuter technology in fruit science

This paper summarized the application of computer technology in fruit science, including crop modelling,expert system, decision support system (DSS), computer vision (CV), the Internet, 3 "S" technology, etc. The existingproblems and prospects are also discussed in the paper.     

红景天甙浸提工艺研究

应用五元二次旋转正交设计进行红景天甙浸提工艺试验。结果表明 ,最佳工艺参数组合为 1 0 0℃ ,p H值 8.0 ,加水 2 0倍 ,粒度 60～ 80目 ,浸提 80 min。最高浸提率为 89.3 3 %。多酚类物质与红景天甙的浸出率呈正相关 ,R =0 .80 89。在50℃时 ,红景天甙浸提率随乙醇比例的增加而增加 ,但 1 0 0 %乙醇在 50℃时的浸提率为 86.1 2 % ,1 0 0 %水在 80℃的浸提率为 88.97%。     

能源农业技术体系的构建研究

能源问题是当前以及今后我国乃至世界经济发展所面临的主要问题之一。研究针对能源农业在解决能源问题方面的优势,在综合分析国内外生物质能发展现状的基础上,界定了能源农业的概念及特征,系统构建了能源农业发展的技术体系,该技术体系包括能源作物种植业、能源林业、能源畜牧业和以沼气工程、酒精发酵工程、秸秆汽化技术及能源转换装置为主的能源农业加工业。     

和谐校园文化建设与大学生科技创新能力的培养

和谐校园文化是校园物质文化、制度文化和精神文化3个层次中各要素处于一种相互协调的状态,是大学生科技创新能力的物质保障、政策支持和文化底蕴。高校应构筑大学生科技创新平台,加强和谐校园物质文化建设,完善大学生科技运行机制,促进和谐校园制度文化发展,营造大学生科技创新氛围,丰富和谐校园精神文化内质,为培养大学生科技创新能力创造条件。