2种羊巴贝斯虫的核型及系统发育分析

为明确引起羊巴贝斯虫病的病原虫莫氏巴贝斯虫临潭株(Babesia motasi Lintan,BLT)及羊巴贝斯虫未定种新疆株(Babesia sp.Xinjiang,BXJ)的核型和亲缘关系,通过DNA大片段脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)和三代高通量测序对2种虫体进行核型分析和系统发育分析。结果表明:2种巴贝斯虫都有4条染色体,但基因组的大小与核型分析不一致,莫氏巴贝斯虫临潭株基因组大小为11.1 Mb,4条染色体大小分别为6.0 Mb、3.0 Mb、1.1 Mb和1.0 Mb;羊巴贝斯虫未定种新疆株基因组大小为7.0 Mb,4条染色体分别为2.4 Mb、2.0 Mb、1.7 Mb和0.9 Mb;羊巴贝斯虫未定种新疆株与牛巴贝斯虫的亲缘性较近,而莫氏巴贝斯虫临潭株与双芽巴贝斯虫的亲缘关系较近。     

王氏唇柱苣苔的离体培养及遗传稳定性

以王氏唇柱苣苔(Chirita wangiana)叶片为外植体进行组培离体快繁研究,并利用流式细胞术对组培苗进行遗传稳定性分析。结果表明:最佳初代诱导培养基为MS添加0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA;最适继代培养基为MS添加0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.05 mg/L NAA;最适生根培养基为1/2 MS培养基添加0.5 mg/L IBA和15 g/L蔗糖,所有生根培养基获得的组培苗移栽驯化成活率达到92%以上。组织学切片检测表明,王氏唇柱苣苔叶片为外植体所形成芽体均为器官发生方式形成。流式细胞术检测表明,组培苗倍性没有变化,基因组大小与母本相比仅发生了1.86%的减少;染色体数目为2n=36,跟母本一致,植株形态特征上也无变异。研究结果可为王氏唇柱苣苔的园艺应用快速提供大量遗传稳定的种苗。     

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Cervus elaphus Using AMELY Gene in Y Chromosome

In order to determine the genetic diversity in Cervus elaphus using AMELY gene in Y chromosome,200 blood samples from Cervus elaphus yarkandensis,Cervus elaphus asiaticus,Cervus elaphus xanthopygus,Cervus elaphus songaricus and Cervus elaphus kansuensis populations were collected and AMELY genes were sequenced in this study.The haplotype diversity of Y chromosome was analyed,phylogenetic tree was built to explore the genetic diversity and the paternal origins about Cervus elaphus.The results showed that:Cervus elaphus yarkandensis had the most variation sites and the highest nucleotide diversity.The genetic distance between Cervus elaphus yarkandensis and other Cervus elaphus were far.6 haplotypes were identified in this study,named as A1,A2,A3,A4,A5 and A6,respectively.Cervu elaphus yarkandensis,Cervus elaphus asiaticus and Cervus elaphus kansuensis had separate haplotype.The NJ and ML phylogenetic trees showed that Cervus elaphus songaricus,Cervus elaphus asiaticus,Cervus elaphus xanthopygus and Cervus elaphus kansuensis clustered together which Cervus elaphus yarkandensis and Cervus elaphus kansuensis were form a department,separately.Cervus elaphus asiaticus,Cervus elaphus xanthopygus and Cervus elaphus yarkandensis clustered into one branches and there might be gene exchange among Cervus elaphus yarkandensis,Cervus elaphus kansuensis and other Cervus elaphus.     

Mapping QTL of Fiber Yield and Quality Traits in F2 Populations of Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines from Gossypium hirsutum × Gossypium barbadense

In this study, F₂ populations from two chromosome segment substitution lines MBI7455 and MBI7358, were quantified using SSR to evaluate the parents' genotype and detect QTL related to fiber quality plus yield traits of cotton. Results show that the recurrent parent (CCRI45) hosted 96.70% and 95.60% of chromosome segment substitution in MBI7455 with 12 chromosome segments and in MBI7358 with 16 chromosome substitution segments of Gossypium barbadense, respectively. In the F₂ population, the average rate of chromosome substitution of the recurrent parent (CCRI45) was 96.44%, and the average segments of chromosome substitution of Gossypium barbadense was 13.42, with an average segments of homozygous donor chromosome value of 3.90. Analysis showed 19 fiber quality-related QTL with a phenotypic variance of between 2.52%-13.11% and seven yield traits-related QTL with a range of 2.93%-11.40% phenotypic variance, resulting in a total of 26 QTL. The CSSLs could be used to detect QTL for fiber yield and quality traits, which offer an important foundation for the cotton molecular-assisted breeding.     

棉花陆海染色体片段代换系BC_7F_2群体纤维产量和品质性状表现及相关分析

为了揭示棉花染色体片段代换系BC_7F_2纤维产量性状和品质性状之间的相关关系,筛选纤维品质优异的新材料。以1套陆海染色体片断代换系为材料,对BC7F2高代回交群体的产量性状与纤维品质性状的表性数据进行评价及偏相关分析。结果表明:群体各性状的平均值接近于轮回亲本‘中棉所36’,群体内存在丰富的遗传变异。纤维上半部平均长度超轮回亲本比例为30.25%,断裂比强度超轮回亲本比例为71.25%,衣分超轮回亲本比例为29.38%。总体上单铃重与马克隆值、整齐度指数呈极显著正相关,衣分与上半部平均长度、断裂比强度呈显著负相关,与单铃重呈极显著负相关。从中筛选出部分纤维品质突出的单株,纤维上半部平均长度高于30.00 mm,断裂比强度高于31.00 cN/tex。     

Being exposed to low concentrations of pirimiphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr has detrimental effects on the mobility of Trogoderma granarium

BACKGROUND

Sublethal effects of insecticides may negatively affect several biological and behavioral traits of insects. The lethal effects of pirimiphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr have been previously showed on Trogoderma granarium, but little knowledge is available about their sublethal effects at low concentrations on both sexes. Herein, the sublethal effects of pirimiphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr on the mobility of T. granarium males and females were investigated.

RESULTS

Lethal concentration (LC) values of pirimiphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr were lower for T. granarium females than males. LC values on males were LC₁₀ = 0.000788 and 0.00139 mg active ingredient (a.i.) cm⁻², LC₃₀ = 0.00350 and 0.00535 mg a.i. cm⁻², and LC₅₀ = 0.00986 and 0.0136 mg a.i. cm⁻² for pirimiphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr respectively. LC on females were LC₁₀ = 0.000704 and 0.00110 mg a.i. cm⁻², LC₃₀ = 0.00323 and 0.00428 mg a.i. cm⁻², and LC₅₀ = 0.00925 and 0.0110 mg a.i. cm⁻² for pirimiphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr respectively. The walking duration of beetles exposed to LC₃₀ of pirimiphos-methyl was significantly lower than the individuals exposed to LC₁₀ and LC₃₀ of both insecticides and control ones. Pirimiphos-methyl LC₃₀-exposed males remained more time on their back (101.7 s) than females (46.9 s), while the latter stayed immobile longer than males (381.7 s versus 371.9 s). The highest speed was recorded for control beetles (14.17 mm s⁻¹ females vs. 12.44 mm s⁻¹ males), while the lowest speed was observed in pirimiphos-methyl LC₃₀-treated males (8.36 mm s⁻¹) and females (9.66 mm s⁻¹).

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, males and females exposed to low concentrations of pirimiphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr showed reduced motility. This knowledge can be exploited further to unlock behavioral effects of insecticides for effective pest management programs in warehouses. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.     

贵州省桑属（Morus）植物染色体倍数性的研究

本文运用酶解去壁低渗法,对贵州省桑属植物种质资源材料27份进行了染色体倍数性研究。结果如下:1.二倍体(2n=2x=28)5个。2.三倍体(2n=3x=42)1个。3.六倍体(2n=6x=84)21个。丰富了桑属植物染色体研究内容,为桑树遗传育种提供了理论和实践依据。     

手扶拖拉机拖车牵引杆脱开造成事故的鉴定分析

对某手扶拖拉机的牵引杆脱开造成事故的原因进行了鉴定分析,进而提出在生产、销售和使用手扶拖拉机时应注意的事项。     

家鸡(Gallus domesticus)和鹌鹑(Coturnix coturnix)染色体核型及G带比较分析

采用外周血淋巴细胞培养法和胰酶处理法，对家鸡和鹌鹑染色体的核型和G带进行了研究。结果表明，家鸡和鹌鹑染色体数目均为2n=78，但染色体的形态存在明显差异，主要表现在NO．1、NO．4、NO．6、NO．8和Z染色体上。NO．1染色体，家鸡为m型，而鹌鹑为sm型；NO．4、NO．6、NO．8和Z染色体，家鸡分别为sm、sm、m、m型，而鹌鹑全为t型。G带分析结果显示，家鸡和鹌鹑的G带差异主要反映在NO．1、NO．2染色体上，这可能是由于臂间倒位所致。     

不同熟期苦荬菜的染色体数目及核型分析

苦荬菜Lactuca indica是一种优良的牧草种质资源,熟期是苦荬菜利用的重要影响因素之一。研究对2种不同熟期的苦荬菜种子根尖细胞进行冰浴处理,染色体用醋酸洋红染色制片。染色体数目和核型分析结果表明,早熟苦荬菜和晚熟苦荬菜染色体数目均为2n=2x=18,没有差异。早熟苦荬菜核型公式为2n=2x=2m 12sm 4st;晚熟苦荬菜核型公式为2n=2x=16sm 2st,存在差异。