槲皮素对PEDV感染幼龄仔猪的生长性能、血液生化指标和肠道吸收与屏障功能的影响

【目的】 试验旨在探讨槲皮素在防治仔猪感染猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）中的作用。【方法】 选取18头体重相近、健康的7日龄仔猪（杜×长×大）,随机分为3组（对照组、PEDV组和PEDV+槲皮素组）,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪,试验期共11 d。经过3 d适应期后,于试验第4~10天给PEDV+槲皮素组仔猪口腔灌服10 mg/kg BW的槲皮素,其他组仔猪口腔灌服等体积的人工乳,于试验第8天给PEDV组与PEDV+槲皮素组仔猪口腔灌服1×10^4.5TCID₅₀的PEDV,对照组灌服等体积的PBS溶液。试验第11天早上空腹称重,全部仔猪灌服D-木糖（0.1 g/kg BW）,1 h后经前腔静脉采血,检测血液生化指标、血浆二胺氧化酶（DAO）活性和D-木糖含量;将所有仔猪屠宰取空肠黏膜,检测肠道屏障相关基因,包括肠绒毛蛋白（villin）,紧密连接蛋白-1（claudin-1）,闭合蛋白（occludin）和肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白（iFABP）的相对表达量。【结果】 与对照组相比,PEDV组仔猪平均日增重显著下降（P<0.05）,粪便评分显著升高（P<0.05）;血液中高密度脂蛋白含量显著降低（P<0.05）,肌酐和尿素氮的含量显著提高（P<0.05）;血浆中D-木糖含量显著降低（P<0.05）;空肠claudin-1、iFABP基因的相对表达量显著下调（P<0.05）。与PEDV组相比,PEDV+槲皮素组仔猪平均日增重和血浆D-木糖含量显著升高（P<0.05）;血液中肌酐和尿素氮的含量显著降低（P<0.05）;空肠claudin-1、villin和iFABP基因的相对表达量显著上调（P<0.05）。【结论】 10 mg/kg BW槲皮素可在一定程度上缓解PEDV感染导致的仔猪生长抑制和肾功能损伤,增强肠道吸收与屏障功能。     

圆柏枝叶对小鼠自发行为及生理生化指标的影响

选择城市绿化重要树种圆柏为研究对象,探讨北美圆柏枝叶对小鼠自发活动及其生理生化指标的影响及挥发性物质与环境间的关系。采用旷场分析法,将入组的30只昆明小鼠分成3组:对照组、低剂量组和高剂量组,低剂量组和高剂量组分别对应地暴露于210 g和420 g圆柏枝叶中,每天4 h,连续处理6 d,观察小鼠各行为指标,结合医学手段分析小鼠相应的生理生化指标。结果表明,小鼠的中央格运动路程、总路程及中央格运动时间都呈现一定的剂量反应;体质量呈稳定增长趋势;生理指标正常,生化指标有部分超出正常范围。经低浓度枝叶挥发物处理的小鼠兴奋性增强,探究和认知能力增强,且其食欲没有受到影响,但是引起部分生化指标的异常,其作用机制还需进一步的探索。研究结果为圆柏作为生态保健树用于城市森林人居环境建设绿化配置提供科学依据。     

绿竹笋期叶片生理生化特性研究

绿竹 (Dendrocalamopsisoldhamii)属禾本科竹亚科绿竹属 ,原产我国 ,集中分布浙江南部、台湾、福建及广西、广东等省 (区 )。在浙江、台湾、福建三省普遍栽培 ,是亚热带地区优良速生的笋材两用的丛生竹种之一。绿竹笋味鲜美 ,清凉解暑 ,同时具有降压、降脂、增强消化系统功能的作用 ,是夏秋两季深受群众喜爱的美味佳肴。绿竹竹材易降解 ,是应用前景广阔的造纸原料。近年来 ,以笋用林为主要经营目的的绿竹林发展很快 ,并取得不少的经验 (张文燕等 ,1 999;郑文汉等 ,1 997;董建文 ,2 0 0 0 )。叶片作为最主要的同化器官在竹林生长发育过程中起着重要作用 ,研究竹叶片生理生化特性 ,揭示叶片生长发育规律 ,对指导竹林栽培具有重要意义。当前对竹子叶片生理生化特性的研究已有过不少报道 ,如毛竹(Phyllostachysheterocyclacv .pubescens) (郑郁善等 ,1 998;黄启胜等 ,1 989)、麻竹 (Dendrocalamuslatiflorus)(邱尔发等 ,2 0 0 1 ;2 0 0 2 )、雷竹 (Phyllostachyspraecoxf.pre...     

杉木连栽林地土壤微生物区系及其生化特性和理化性质的研究

选择立地坏境条件相同的杉木连栽与头栽林地，进行土壤微生物，酶活性及理化性质的分析。研究表明，杉木连栽林地土壤微生物总数下降２３．３５％，其中细菌、放线菌分别下降２４．７９％和３４．０４％，真菌增加１０．３９％微生物主要生理类群氨化细菌、纤维素分解菌、好气固氮菌、微嗜氮菌分别下降３６．６０％、１４．２４％、５６．５６％和２５．８１％，厌气固氮菌增加４６．１５％．连栽林地土壤的脲酶、转化酶、过氧化氢酶的活性明显低于头栽土壤、多酚氧化酶则相反。在０－４０ｃｍ土层中．同于连栽引起土壤容重增加２．５９％、毛管孔隙、毛管含水量、田间持水量和自然含水量分别下降８．４６％、１１．０４％、１１．７８％和７．０８％，土壤有机质、Ｎ、Ｐ全量分别下降１６．６１％、１２．７５％和２１．４９％．Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ速效养分含量分别下降２０．０８％、８．７８％和２４．８５％．因而提出营造混交林，发展林下植被，停止或减少炼山和全垦以及增加肥料投入等技术对策。以防止连栽引起的地力衰退。     

香椿组织培养与快速繁殖的研究

香椿试管苗在不同培养条件下增殖速度明显不同.太行山香椿试管苗的最佳增殖条件为改良MS十SBA1.0十GA_32.0+IAA0.0;燕山香椿试管苗则为WPM+6BA1.0+GA_32.0+IAA0.0。试管苗的生根能力在IBA0.2～1.0的范围内逐渐提高.增殖倍数不同试管苗其K的摄入量、碳水化合物含量以及POD和EST同工酶图谱亦有明显差别。     

几个植物种叶片生化物质对杉木种子的发芽效应

对杉木、丝栗栲及木荷叶片的生化物质进行了初步的分离,并用杉木种子进行了生物检测.结果表明:经木荷和丝栗栲处理的,就绝对发芽率和胚根长而言,其弱极性生化物质组分的促进作用大于极性生化物质组分的;就鲜质量和干质量而言,极性生化物质组分的促进作用大于弱极性生化物质组分的;经杉木处理的,就绝对发芽率、胚根长及鲜质量而言,杉木叶片弱极性生化物质组分的抑制作用大于极性生化物质组分的活性,而对于干质量而言,极性生化物质组分的抑制作用大于弱极性生化物质组分的.     

樟树幼林生物化学参数与高光谱遥感特征参数相关分析

高光谱遥感在植被研究中的应用使定量估算植被的生物化学参数和生物物理参数成为可能.分析了樟树幼林生物化学参数与高光谱特征变量之间的相关关系.结果表明:樟树幼林的大部分生物化学参数(叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量、叶绿素总含量、类胡萝卜素含量和总磷含量)与高光谱遥感特征参数(蓝边内最大的一阶微分、绿峰反射率、红边位置、蓝边面积、绿峰反射率和红谷反射率构成的比值与归一化植被指数、红边面积和蓝边面积构成的比值和归一化植被指数)之间的相关系数达到了0.01极显著性检验水平;纤维素、总氮含量与高光谱特征参数的相关系数没有达到显著性检验水平.因此,可以利用相关系数达到了0.01极显著性检验水平的高光谱特征参数建立樟树幼林生物化学参数的高光谱遥感估算模型.     

A commentary on current approaches to forest population genetics

Some of the most frequently chosen approaches to forest population genetics as reflected in the present volume are discussed, and some topics possibly deserving more attention are addressed. Among the first are studies of self-fertilization as a characteristic of forest tree mating systems, gene markers as indicators of adaptive or phylogenetic differentiation, and methodological aspects of the measurement of genetic differentiation. The latter mainly concern generalizable methods of analysis and the involvement of gene markers in the determination of mating systems, detection of mechanisms of frequency dependent selection, and the incorporation of genetic profiles (characteristics of frequency distributions of genetic types) into population genetic analysis.     

Growth change of young Picea sitchensis in response to deer browsing

Taking advantage of the introduction of the black-tailed deer to the Queen Charlotte Islands (British Columbia, Canada), we used dendrochronological analyses to understand the consequences of deer browsing on Sitka spruce growth. We compared shape, radial growth, height growth and age of young spruce in three sites. We identified two types of trees growing side by side: (1) stunted and heavily browsed spruce, smaller than the browsing limit and (2) escaped spruce that were taller than the browsing limit but still browsed in their lower part. The compact and heavily ramified shape in stunted spruce was the result of repeated and intense browsing. In escaped spruce this was also the case below the browsing limit (1.16 m±0.07 m), in sharp contrast with the normal shape that escaped spruce resumed above the browsing limit. We show that the release of browsing pressure, once the tree reaches the browsing limit, is characterised by an abrupt increase in radial growth. Before release, trees show a growth stagnation characterized by narrow rings (0.5 mm per year) and small annual height increments (<5 cm per year). After release, trees show a growth stabilisation characterised by wider rings (3 mm per year) and larger annual height increments (20 cm per year). We use this pattern to estimate frequency and age at release and their possible variation over time. Age differences between stunted and escaped spruce are highly significant and indicate that, despite of browsing, most if not all trees will ultimately reach the browsing limit and escape. Heavy deer pressure (30 deer per km²) delays spruce sapling recruitment by about 8 years. This delay varies in relation to site quality and seems to have increased over time, suggesting an increase in browsing pressure.     

Effects of light and microsite conditions on tree size of 6-year-old Cryptomeria japonica planted in a group selection opening

We examined the extent to which direct and indirect measures of light and microsite conditions could explain variation in tree height and diameter at the base of 6-year-old Cryptomeria japonica trees planted in a group selection opening of about 0.32 ha on a steep slope at Shiiba, Miyazaki Prefecture, southern Japan. We first used the gap light index (GLI) and soil thickness (ST) as directly measured indices. For an indirect measure of light, we used a between-cohort competition index (BCI) estimated from the position and total height of residual trees. For indirect measures of microsite, we examined topographic indices (slope, plan and profile curvature, average slope gradient, and relative elevation) derived from digital elevation models (DEMs) with different resolutions ranging from 2 to 10 m. The multiple linear regression using GLI and ST explained about 45% of variation in tree size, while simple regression using only GLI explained about 35%. The contribution of ST was about half of GLI. The multiple regressions using BCI and the topographic indices did not explain any more variation than using BCI alone (R ² of about 0.26). We conclude that microsite conditions with shallower soil and steeper slope have negative effects on tree growth in group selection openings, although the relative importance is smaller than light conditions. More comprehensive studies considering several openings with more heterogeneous topography including different species are needed to generalize our growth prediction using the indirect measures, which are useful for practical forest management.