室内培养发菜的营养条件和腐烂分析

[目的]探索合适室内培养发菜的营养条件和菜腐烂的原因,有助于发菜培养技术的完善.[方法]配制14种不同的营养液,在室内开放环境内培养发菜;通过对发菜表面粘附微生物的分离和培养,观察并统计菌落数.[结果]培养21 d出现发菜不同程度腐烂现象,其中发菜原产地土壤浸提液组、原产地羊粪浸提液组中发菜生物量的损失最少;发菜表面分离物培养后,有6～7个菌落,从外形看,初步分为两种;彻底除菌后的发菜藻丝体可放置(28℃)到14 d而不腐烂.[结论]羊粪浸提液和发菜原产地土壤提取液有助于发菜生物量的维持;发菜腐烂与湿热条件下的表面微生物的生长密切相关;控制每1～2d给水一次的供水节律有利于发菜生命力的维持.     

百花山葡萄组织培养和快速繁殖

百花山葡萄(Vitis amurensis Rupr. var. dissecta)野外仅见一株,是北京市重点保护濒危物种。通过比较不同消毒方法、植物生长调节剂的种类和浓度配比、生根培养基类型,建立百花山葡萄组织培养快速繁殖体系。结果表明,15%的H₂O₂消毒4 min的效果最好,培养基MS+0.6 mg·L^-16-BA+0.3 mg·L^-1NAA为愈伤组织最佳诱导培养基,培养基1/2MS+1.0 mg·L^-16-BA+0.1 mg·L^-1NAA有利于丛生芽的诱导,在诱导不定根时,使用1/2 WPM + 0.2 mg·L^-16-BA培养基培养效果最好。采用组培快繁技术,已经获得百花山葡萄完整植株,并于室外移栽成活,为百花山葡萄这一极小种群的保存与繁殖提供了保障。     

喹喔啉-2-羧酸人工抗原合成与抗体制备

试验以喹喔啉-2-羧酸(quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid,QCA)及其与γ-氨基丁酸(ABA)的衍生物(QCA-ABA)为半抗原,将其与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和鸡卵清蛋白(OVA)偶联,合成人工抗原。以QCA-BSA和QCA-ABA-BSA为免疫原,免疫大白兔制备多克隆抗体,利用紫外分光光度计分析结合物的结合情况,间接ELISA和间接竞争ELISA分析抗体特性。结果表明,以QCA-BSA、QCA-ABA-BSA为免疫原制备的抗体平均效价分别为12.8×10⁴、6.4×10⁴。2种抗体对QCA灵敏度低,IC₅₀均大于10000 ng/mL,而对QCA-ABA的灵敏度高,IC₅₀分别为14.2和7.75 ng/mL,特异性好,仅与3-甲基-喹喔啉-2-羧酸(12%)、卡巴氧(0.038%)和喹赛多(0.028%)有较低程度的交叉反应,与衍生试剂和结构类似物均无交叉反应(<0.01%)。该抗体为建立动物可食性组织中QCA残留物的快速检测方法奠定了基础。     

细菌人工染色体(BAC)文库在畜禽遗传资源保存中的应用

作者介绍了国际畜禽遗传资源保存的研究现状与趋势,分析了细菌人工染色体(bacterial artificial chromosome,BAC)文库的发展和应用状况,阐述了BAC文库应用于畜禽遗传资源保存的特有优势,提出了建立BAC文库将成为畜禽遗传资源保存的一种重要补充形式,有利于提升畜禽遗传资源保存的安全性和长久性,也为今后进一步研究畜禽品种的特定性状提供了无可替代的材料,对实现全方位保存畜禽遗传资源具有重要的实用价值和推动作用。     

Effects of deficit irrigation with saline water on spring wheat growth and yield in arid Northwest China

Field experiments were conducted in 2008 and 2009 to study the effects of deficit irrigation with saline water on spring wheat growth and yield in an arid region of Northwest China. Nine treatments included three salinity levels s1, s2 and s3 (0.65, 3.2, and 6.1 dS/m) in combination with three water levels w1, w2 and w3 (375, 300, and 225 mm). In 2008, for most treatments, deficit irrigation showed adverse effects on wheat growth; meanwhile, the effect of saline irrigation was not apparent. In 2009, growth parameters of w1 treatments were not always optimal under saline irrigation. At 3.2 and 6.1 dS/m in 2008, the highest yield was obtained by w1 treatments, however, in 2009, the weight of 1,000 grains and wheat yield both followed the order w2 > w1 > w3. In this study, spring wheat was sensitive to water deficit, especially at the booting to grain-filling stages, but was not significantly affected by saline irrigation and the combination of the two factors. The results demonstrated that 300-mm irrigation water with a salinity of less than 3.2 dS/m is suitable for wheat fields in the study area.     

养殖条件下施氏鲟（♂）X达氏鳇（♀）杂交后代的生长特性

2008年～2011年研究了人工养殖条件下的施氏鲟Acipenserschrenckii（6）×达氏鳇Husodauncus（早）杂交后代（f谷称大杂交）的生长特性。结果表明：1～7龄大杂交体长、体重相对增长率及生长指标随年龄的增长而逐渐下降,呈“异速生长一等速生长一异速生长”的变化趋势。不同年龄大杂交的体长与体重均呈幂指数关系,R2值变幅为0．95～0．99。其中,1-3龄大杂交a值〉3,呈强异速生长。此后随年龄的增加,异速生长减弱,发育趋向均匀。5龄时a值为2．94接近3,7龄a值为2．63〈3。大杂交肥满度随年龄增加而增大,其与体重的相关性（R2＝0．94）高于与体长的相关性。采用7种生长方程对不同年龄大杂交的体长生长和体重生长进行拟合,其中Gompertz、Quadratic、VBGF和Cubic4种生长方程式对大杂交体长生长的拟合效果较好,除Cubic生长方程外,其它6种生长方程对其体重生长的拟合度均较低。7种生长模型中,均以Cubic生长方程对大杂交的体长生长和体重生长的拟合R2值最大,RSS值最小,说明Cubic生长方程对不同年龄大杂交的生长具有最好的拟合效果,拐点体重、体长和年龄分别为28．53kg、82．11cm和4．22龄。     

细鳞鱼全人工繁育技术的研究

从乌苏里江、牡丹江中采捕野生细鳞鱼（Brachymystax lenok）亲鱼,暂养后催产获得的鱼苗饲养在黑龙江水产研究所渤海冷水性鱼类试验站,观察和测定了水温2～18℃下人工养殖的细鳞鱼的生长和发育,自2003～2010年连续进行了人工繁殖和苗种培育。结果表明,在流水池塘养殖条件下,投喂人工配合颗粒饲料,可使细鳞鱼正常生长和性腺发育成熟,人工催产方式可以批量获得鱼苗,且生长速度、产卵量、发眼率与野生细鳞鱼无显著差异。     

Measuring cotton water status using water-related vegetation indices at leaf and canopy levels

Drought is one of the major environmental threats in the world. In recent years, the damage from droughts to the environment and economies of some countries has been extensive, and drought monitoring has caused widespread concerns. Remote sensing has a proven ability to provide spatial and temporal measurements of surface properties, and it offers an opportunity for the quantitative assessment of drought indicators such as the vegetation water content at different levels. In this study, sites of cotton field in Shihezi, Xinjiang, Northwest China were sampled. Four classical water content parameters, namely the leaf equivalent water thickness (EWT leaf ), the fuel moisture content (FMC), the canopy equivalent water thickness (EWT canopy ) and vegetation water content (VWC) were evaluated against seven widely-used water-related vegetation indices, namely the NDII (normalized difference infrared index), NDWI 2130 (normalized difference water index), NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index), MSI (moisture stress index), SRWI (simple ratio water index), NDWI 1240 (normalized difference water index) and WI (water index), respectively. The results proved that the relationships between the water-related vegetation indices and EWT leaf were much better than that with FMC, and the relationships between vegetation indices and EWT canopy were better than that with VWC. Furthermore, comparing the significance of all seven water-related vegetation in- dices, WI and NDII proved to be the best candidates for EWT detecting at leaf and canopy levels, with R 2 of 0.262 and 0.306 for EWT leaf-WI and EWT canopy -NDII linear models, respectively. Besides, the prediction power of linear regression technique (LR) and artificial neural network (ANN) were compared using calibration and validation dataset, respectively. The results indicated that the performance of ANN as a predictive tool for water status measuring was as good as LR. The study should further our understanding of the relationships between water-related vegetation indices and water parameters.     

基于改进ConvNeXt模型的黄羽鸡表皮层黑色素智能分级方法

为解决活体黄羽鸡表皮层黑色素分级方法成本高、效率低下、分级环境易受环境光干扰等问题,该研究探索一种基于ConvNeXt模型的黄羽鸡表皮层黑色素智能分级方法 ConvNeXt-WPCA,用于实现活体黄羽鸡表皮层黑色素智能分级。ConvNeXt-WPCA模型通过以下3点改进提高模型对黄羽鸡黑色素的识别效果：1）针对黄羽鸡黑色素图像RGB三通道内黑色素信息分布不均衡问题,改变输入图片通道权重来增强模型对黑色素特征的提取能力;2）使用部分卷积代替深度可分离卷积,减少模型计算量和内存访问次数提高对计算资源的利用率;3）引入坐标注意力机制,引导模型关注黄羽鸡胸腹部及肛门附近皮肤提升模型精度。同时,该研究还设计一种双光源图像获取装置,分别在自然光和偏振光条件下拍摄黄羽鸡样本,以减小分级结果受环境光干扰的影响,并探索偏振光在黑色素分级任务中的应用潜力。结果表明ConvNeXt-WPCA模型相较标准ConvNeXt模型,针对自然光下黄羽鸡黑色素图像数据集分级准确率提升9.68个百分点,最终达到89.03%的识别准确率,针对偏振光下黄羽鸡黑色素图像数据集分级准确率提升15.26个百分点,最终达到98.87...     

植物营养液对树木嫩枝扦插和水培的影响

以金叶莸嫩枝和河北杨2年生枝条为试验材料,复合配制3种不同配方植物营养液分别处理金叶莸嫩枝插穗,对河北杨枝条进行水培。结果表明,Ⅲ号营养液处理金叶莸嫩枝扦插生根量最多,Ⅱ号次之,Ⅰ号最少;Ⅰ号配方植物营养液对插穗生根的根长促进作用最强;3种配方植物营养液在河北杨枝条水培过程中均有利于叶绿素的合成和减缓叶片失水速率,其中Ⅱ号的作用最强,Ⅰ号次之,Ⅲ号较弱。