酵母硒和茶多酚及其互作对绿壳蛋鸡生产性能及抗氧化能力的影响

为探讨酵母硒和茶多酚及其互作对绿壳蛋鸡生产性能以及血清抗氧化能力的影响,选用810只44周龄健康江西东乡黑羽绿壳蛋鸡,随机分成9个处理组,每组5个重复,每个重复18只鸡,采用二因素三水平试验设计,在基础日粮中分别添加不同质量浓度的酵母硒和茶多酚构成试验日粮,酵母硒设0、0.25、0.50 mg/kg共3个添加水平(按硒计),茶多酚设0、200、400 mg/kg共3个添加水平,预试期7 d,正试期28 d。结果表明:日粮中添加酵母硒和茶多酚均有提高平均蛋质量和产蛋率的趋势(P>0.05),显著降低料蛋比(P<0.05);日粮中添加0.25、0.50 mg/kg酵母硒能显著提高血清中GSH–Px活性、总抗氧化能力(P<0.01)和极显著降低MDA含量(P<0.01),且有增加T–SOD活性的趋势(P>0.05),日粮中添加200、400 mg/kg茶多酚能显著增强血清中T–SOD活性(P<0.01)和总抗氧化能力(P<0.05),有升高GSH–Px活性的趋势(P>0.05),能极显著降低MDA含量(P<0.01);酵母硒和茶多酚的互作效应对蛋鸡生产性能无显著影响(P>0.05),但对血清中抗氧化指标均有显著影响(P<0.01或P<0.05),在基础日粮中添加0.25 mg/kg酵母硒和400 mg/kg茶多酚的添加组合对蛋鸡生产性能不会产生拮抗作用,对提高蛋鸡抗氧化能力有一定的协同作用。     

抗氧化剂TBHQ、VE和TP对罗非鱼非漂洗鱼糜的抗氧化作用

【目的】研究抗氧化剂特丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)、维生素E (V_E)和茶多酚(TP)对罗非鱼非漂洗鱼糜的抗氧化作用,为其在非漂洗鱼糜生产中的应用奠定基础。【方法】选取3种抗氧化效果较好的抗氧化剂TBHQ、V_E和TP,以不同量(TBHQ为0.2,0.4和0.6 g/kg;V_E为0.2,0.4,0.6和0.8 g/kg;TP为0.4,0.8,1.2和1.6 g/kg)添加至罗非鱼非漂洗鱼糜中,于-20 ℃冰箱中冷冻保藏,定期取样测定样品的2硫代巴比妥酸值（TBA值）作为判定鱼糜氧化程度的指标,筛选出TBHQ、V_E和TP的最适添加量;通过对比试验,筛选出抗氧化效果最好的抗氧化剂;通过协同试验探究抗氧化剂之间的协同作用。【结果】TBHQ、V_E和TP的最适添加量分别为0.2,0.6和0.8 g/kg;3种抗氧化剂的抗氧化效果大小为0.8 g/kg TP＞0.2 g/kg TBHQ=0.6 g/kg V_E。协同试验结果显示,0.6 g/kg V_E＋0.8 g/kg TP的抗氧化效果最好,表明天然抗氧化剂V_E与TP之间存在很强的协同作用。【结论】在制作罗非鱼非漂洗鱼糜过程中,添加0.6 g/kg V_E＋0.8 g/kg TP组合抗氧化剂,可显著提高其抗氧化能力。     

4种添加剂对异育银鲫生长、消化酶活性及抗氧化能力的影响

以基础饲料为对照,分别在基础饲料中添加1%绿康源(试验Ⅰ组)、1%绿康源+0.1%合生素(试验Ⅱ组)、0.1%合生素(试验Ⅲ组)、2%小肽(试验Ⅳ组),连续投喂300尾初始体重31 g的异育银鲫(Carassius auratusgibelio)60 d后,测定试验鱼生长,肠消化酶活性及血清、肝胰脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。结果表明:(1)试验Ⅲ、Ⅳ组增重率(WGR)显著高于对照组(P<0.05),饲料系数(FCR)显著低于对照组(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。(2)试验Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的肠蛋白酶、淀粉酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),脂肪酶活性与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组中仅后者肠蛋白酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。(3)除试验Ⅱ组血清SOD活性显著高于对照组外(P<0.05),不同添加剂对血清SOD、CAT活性无显著影响(P>0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组肝胰脏SOD、CAT活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验Ⅳ组与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果说明,试验Ⅲ组显示明显的促生长和抗氧化效果,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组对提高试验鱼的抗氧化作用明显,试验Ⅳ组则生长最佳。     

硒中毒对猪血清自由基的影响

通过在仔猪基础日粮中添加亚硒酸钠,然后定期检测猪血清中的部分自由基及相关指标,以观察自由基在硒中毒猪体内的变化规律.结果表明硒中毒时,猪血清内的丙二醛(MDA)、羟自由基(·OH)和一氧化氮(NO)的含量明显升高,而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)则明显降低,一氧化氮合酶(NOS)和NO的变化规律一致.结果显示自由基与硒中毒有着密切的关系.     

Nitrogen Rates and Water Stress Effects on Production, Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidative Enzyme Activities in Two Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes

Effects of nitrogen rates and water stress (WS) on production, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzyme activities in two maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes were assessed at different stages under two levels of water supply conditions. WS caused a significant decline in dry matter, grain yield and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) whereas a marked rise in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was observed in leaves for the two genotypes. However, the responses of the two varieties to WS were different: significantly higher dry matter, grain yield and antioxidative enzyme activities and lower MDA content were observed for Shaandan 9 than Shaandan 911, therefore the former could be treated as a drought tolerance variety comparatively. A better correlation was obtained amongst dry matter, grain yield and physiological traits. The addition of nitrogen increased dry matter and grain yield as well as activities of SOD, POD and CAT to different levels and significantly decreased MDA content under WS. These effects were higher for Shaandan 911 than for Shaandan 9. Furthermore, a significant effect was found for Shaandan 911 between N rates for all traits unlike Shaandan 9. Hence, we suggest that nitrogen should be applied to a water‐sensitive variety to bring out its potential fully under drought.     

外源过氧化氢对干旱胁迫下温室黄瓜叶绿体超微结构和抗氧化酶的影响

 以温室黄瓜品种‘春光2号’为试材, 用100 g·L ^{- 1}聚乙二醇处理模拟干旱胁迫, 研究外源过氧化氢是否通过提高叶片抗氧化酶的活性来减轻干旱胁迫对叶绿体膜的伤害。结果表明: 干旱胁迫处理48 h后, 叶绿体肿胀变圆, 叶绿体膜和类囊体模糊不清。与干旱胁迫前没有经过预处理的幼苗相比, 经外源过氧化氢预处理后再干旱胁迫48 h的幼苗中大部分的叶绿体结构正常, 叶片的超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、愈创木酚过氧化物酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶和谷胱苷肽还原酶等抗氧化物酶的活性以及抗坏血酸和还原型谷胱苷肽的含量明显增高, 内源过氧化氢含量、超氧阴离子的产生速率和丙二醛的含量则显著降低。所以, 外源过氧化氢预处理能够提高抗氧化物的活性,降低活性氧的积累, 从而缓解干旱对黄瓜叶绿体膜的伤害。     

基于DPIV的卷烟燃烧区速度场特性试验研究

以超细碳酸氢钠粉末作为示踪粒子,并使用基于互相关算法的DPIV系统对不同抽吸容量下卷烟燃烧区的速度场进行了测量.结果表明,随着抽吸容量的增大,卷烟燃烧区速度场变活跃;与未点燃卷烟相比,点燃卷烟燃烧产生的烟气对燃烧区速度场有较大影响,烟气的热浮力明显改变了卷烟在抽吸时速度场的变化趋势;随着抽吸容量的增大,卷烟燃烧区内烟气对速度场的影响相对减弱.     

Status of Lipid Peroxidation,Some Antioxidant Enzymes and Erythrocytic Fragility of Crossbred Cattle Naturally Infected with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Theileria annulata</Emphasis>

Erythrocytic lipid peroxidation, activities of some antioxidant enzymes and osmotic fragility of red blood cells was studied in adult (>1 year) crossbred cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata. Twenty clinically healthy animals (group I) and 15 clinical cases (group II) of tropical theileriosis were selected. Cattle suffering from theileriosis had significantly higher (p<0.01) erythrocytic lipid peroxidation and osmotic fragility. Activities of antioxidant enzymes, viz. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and glutamate peroxidase (GPx) were also significantly increased (p<0.01) in group II. However, superoxide dismutase and catalase did not show significant changes. The results indicated that infection with theileria led to increased oxidative stress to the animals, and even a significant rise in the activities of antioxidant enzymes. G6PD and GPx could not lower this oxidative stress. However, the increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes pointed towards the body’s defence mechanism against lipid peroxidation during oxidative stress in theileriosis.     

大豆黄酮对奶牛血清抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响

40头健康中国荷斯坦奶牛按胎次、产奶量、泌乳期相近的原则随机分成4组(n=10),试验组日粮中分别添加45、60、70mg/kg的大豆黄酮,对照组饲喂基础日粮。在试验前及试验后10、30、60d颈静脉采血,测定4组奶牛血清中SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性,MDA含量、T淋巴细胞转化率和T细胞数,探讨大豆黄酮对奶牛血清抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比较,试验组GSH-Px、CAT和SOD活性显著或极显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);MDA含量明显低于饲喂大豆黄酮前(P<0.01);大豆黄酮60、70mg/kg添加组淋巴细胞转化率和T细胞数显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。     

异源新城疫病毒感染对雏鸭组织抗氧化酶活性的影响

选择隔离饲养至20日龄的健康雏鸭120只,随机分为4组,Ⅰ组为对照组,皮下注射0.5mL/只灭菌生理盐水,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别皮下注射0.5mL/只1∶5稀释的鸡源、鹅源和鸭源新城疫病毒SPF胚液,并分别置于25℃隔离环境下饲养与观察。分别于感染后4、8、12、16d每组随机抽取雏鸭7只颈静脉放血致死,采集心、肝、脾、肺及肾组织,制成10%的组织匀浆液,测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、丙二醛(MDA)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性或含量,探讨异源新城疫病毒感染对雏鸭组织自由基代谢的影响。结果表明,感染异源新城疫病毒的雏鸭组织SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活性和MDA含量变化不同,感染鸭源和鹅源新城疫病毒的雏鸭组织抗氧化酶的活性变化明显,而感染鸡源新城疫病毒的则变化不明显。这说明不同来源的新城疫病毒对雏鸭的感染性有一定差异。