圆果黄麻花青素的遗传研究—“R”基因作用的初步研究

对6个杂交组合的杂交后代的观察和组织解剖研究表明,圆果黄麻色素减免基因“R”。在黄麻不同生育阶段对决定花青素分布强度的“A”不同复等位基因的减免作用不同。在苗期和后期。“R”基因的减免作用主要是减少花青素细胞的数量,对“A”基因的不同复等位基因,花青素细胞减少的数量不同;因此,尽管有“R”基因存在,由于“A”复等位基因的不同.F_1茎色的表现也不同,在旺长期阶段,由于“R”基因作用明显加强,不仅使花青素的细胞数量减少,而且花青素细胞内色素的浓度也受到抑制,“A”的不同复等位基因之间差异不明显,因此茎的表现为绿色.     

烯效唑促进寒富苹果果实着色的最佳喷施浓度和机理研究

分别在苹果采收前一个月和两个月时用不同浓度的烯效唑(S3307)喷施寒富苹果果实,研究S3307对苹果果皮花色素形成和果实品质的影响。目的是找到有效促进苹果果皮着色并提高果品品质的最佳S3307浓度,并揭示其作用机理。结果表明:50mg·L-1S3307喷果后,苹果着色效果明显,可溶性糖含量增加,有机酸含量减少,抗坏血酸(ASA)含量和蛋白质含量升高。这说明50mg·L-1的S3307有良好的着色作用并能改善苹果的品质,因此这种试剂在生产上可能有一定的应用价值。另外研究发现,花色素含量与可溶性糖含量和糖酸比显著正相关,花色素含量与有机酸含量和叶绿素含量显著负相关。     

Vegetation complexes of flowing-water habitats and their importance for the differentiation of landscape units

An inductive method for recognizing vegetation complexes is presented. These complexes can be used to define landscape units. The method is demonstrated with regard to the river and rivulet valleys of the Black Forest in south-western Germany. It is based on surveys of locally occurring plant communities in homogeneous landscape units, using a cover-abundance scale for the areal extension of each community. The communities have first been established on the basis of the usual relevés of small homogeneous plots.The surveys are called sigma relevés (sigma = Greek for sum), Sigma relevés can be arranged in tables by the usual classification method in order to establish vegetation complexes. Characteristic and differential communities can be elaborated to characterize the vegetation complexes. The specific spatial distribution of each complex reflects certain physical-geographical and anthropo-geographical characteristics. Some applied aspects can be included for each vegetation complex, for example, lists of woody species typical for a landscape unit. From the point of view of water economy such a survey is useful since many efforts are being made to plant woody species in accordance with natural conditions along river and rivulet embankments.     

植物激素及其金属配合物的生理活性研究

植物激素是调节和控制植物生长发育不可缺少的物质，其生理活性涉及到与植物体内金属离子的相互作用［１］。为了深入探讨植物激素与金属离子的相互作用及金属离子对其生理活性的影响。我们以四种植物激素为配体，首次合成了七种新配合物，并采用小麦芽鞘切段伸长法测定了四种配体及其配合物的生理活性，发现配合物的生理活性比配体的有显著提高，并分析了其作用机理。     

Contamination of Radio active Substances in Grapes

We have studied the quantitative analysis of potassium in agricultural materials by measuring the radioactivity of K4o by means of Radiation Counter since 1951. When the fundamental experiment was almost over and we were to begin the applications in fertilizers and crops, we found unexpectedly in May 1954, rain containing fission products presumably carried from H-bomb explosion test at Bikini. Temporarily abstaining from the experiment, we surveyed the degree of contamination of radioactive substances in crops, especially grapes, which are the main horticultural crop in this prefecture. Here, we explain the experimental data of the radioactivity in the grapes and the relations between the contamination of the artificial radioactivity and the potassium content in them.     

‘紫嫣’和‘紫娟’茶树花青素及主要生化成分季节性的变化

以紫色茶树品种‘紫嫣’和‘紫娟’为材料,以绿色品种‘福鼎大白茶’为对照,探究不同季节紫色茶树新梢花青素及主要生化成分含量的变化。结果表明：春、夏、秋季‘紫嫣’和‘紫娟’花青素总量变化均表现为先升高再降低的趋势,且夏季含量最高,分别为129.83 mg/100 g和109.73 mg/100 g,花青素各组分的季节性变化规律与花青素总量基本一致。‘紫嫣’和‘紫娟’水浸出物、氨基酸和咖啡碱含量在春季最高,茶多酚含量在夏季最高,且不同季节间差异显著。与‘福鼎大白茶’相比,‘紫嫣’和‘紫娟’中茶多酚、儿茶素和花青素含量较高。‘紫嫣’和‘紫娟’氨基酸组分中,茶氨酸占总量比例最高,分别为52.13%和59.13%;儿茶素组分中,表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG）含量最高,且酯型儿茶素含量显著高于简单儿茶素。综合结果显示,‘紫嫣’和‘紫娟’春梢具有适制绿茶、夏梢适制红茶的物质基础。     

荔枝LcMYB1异源表达促进矮牵牛和番茄花色苷的积累

为分析荔枝LcMYB1的功能,以白色‘W115’矮牵牛和‘Micro-Tom’番茄为材料,利用农杆菌介导法将LcMYB1在矮牵牛和番茄中异源表达,观测转基因植株表型。结果表明：与‘W115’相比,转基因矮牵牛的叶片和花瓣中积累了花色苷,且矮牵牛花色苷生物合成结构基因PhCHS和PhDFR、调控基因PhAN1的表达显著上调;与野生型‘Micro-Tom’番茄相比,转基因番茄的叶片和花药中积累了花色苷,且相应组织花色苷生物合成结构基因SlDFR、调控基因SlAN1和SlJAF13的表达显著上调,虽然果实中没有积累花色苷,但SlAN1和SlJAF13表达也显著上调。LcMYB1在矮牵牛和番茄中异源表达时通过上调花色苷生物合成关键结构基因和调控基因bHLH的表达诱导花色苷积累。因此,荔枝LcMYB1是花色苷生物合成中的关键转录因子,具备异源转化利用的潜力。     

彩色马铃薯品种块茎花色苷HPLC-MS分析

彩色马铃薯品种块茎富含花色苷,是天然色素的潜在来源.本实验采用高效液相色谱-质谱(HPLC-MS)法,分析了云南地方彩色马铃薯品种“剑川红”和新选育紫色品种“师大6号”块茎中所含花色苷的主要类型.结果表明:“剑川红”花色苷主要为天竺葵素类衍生物,“师大6号”的花色苷主要为矮牵牛素和芍药素类衍生物.     

Reverted glutathione S-transferase-like genes that influence flower color intensity of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) originated from excision of a transposable element

A glutathione S-transferase-like gene, DcGSTF2, is responsible for carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) flower color intensity. Two defective genes, DcGSTF2mu with a nonsense mutation and DcGSTF2-dTac1 containing a transposable element dTac1, have been characterized in detail in this report. dTac1 is an active element that produces reverted functional genes by excision of the element. A pale-pink cultivar ‘Daisy’ carries both defective genes, whereas a spontaneous deep-colored mutant ‘Daisy-VPR’ lost the element from DcGSTF2-dTac1. This finding confirmed that dTac1 is active and that the resulting reverted gene, DcGSTF2rev1, missing the element is responsible for this color change. Crosses between the pale-colored cultivar ‘06-LA’ and a deep-colored cultivar ‘Spectrum’ produced segregating progeny. Only the deep-colored progeny had DcGSTF2rev2 derived from the ‘Spectrum’ parent, whereas progeny with pale-colored flowers had defective forms from both parents, DcGSTF2mu and DcGSTF2-dTac1. Thus, DcGSTF2rev2 had functional activity and likely originated from excision of dTac1 since there was a footprint sequence at the vacated site of the dTac1 insertion. Characterizing the DcGSTF2 genes in several cultivars revealed that the two functional genes, DcGSTF2rev1 and DcGSTF2rev2, have been used for some time in carnation breeding with the latter in use for more than half a century.