COMPARISON OF CLOSURE TIMES FOR CRANIAL BASE SYNCHONDROSES IN MESATICEPHALIC,BRACHYCEPHALIC, AND CAVALIER KING CHARLES SPANIEL DOGS

Premature closure of cranial base synchondroses has been proposed as the mechanism for brachycephaly in dogs and caudal occipital malformation syndrome (COMS) in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare times of closure for cranial base synchondroses in mesaticephalic, brachycephalic, and Cavalier King Charles Spaniel dogs. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging studies were retrieved for client‐owned dogs less than 18 months of age. Breed, age, skull conformation, and the open or closed state of cranial base synchondroses were independently recorded by two observers. For dogs with a unanimous observer agreement, regression analysis was used to test effects of age and gender on the open or closed status of synchondroses and differences between groups. A total of 174 dogs were included in MRI interpretations and 165 dogs were included in the regression analysis. Statistically significant differences in closure time of the spheno‐occipital synchondrosis were identified between brachycephalic and mesaticephalic dogs (P = 0.016), Cavalier King Charles Spaniels and mesaticephalic dogs (P < 0.0001), and Cavalier King Charles Spaniels and brachycephalic dogs (P = 0.014). Findings from the current study supported the theory that morphological changes leading to the skull phenotype of the Cavalier King Charles Spaniels could be due to an earlier closure of the spheno‐occipital synchondrosis.     

Body wall defects and amniotic band syndrome in pig (Sus scrofa domesticus)

The amniotic band syndrome is a congenital condition. It is characterized by the presence of fibrous amniotic bands that may entangle or entrap different foetal parts in utero, resulting in deformation, malformation or disruption. We report on a female piglet presenting amniotic band adherences in the right abdominal flank, several body wall defects (gastroschisis, abdominoschisis with omphalocele), severe scoliosis, anomalous umbilical cord with single umbilical artery, anal atresia, anomalous liver and absent gall bladder, hypoplastic genitalia, ankylosis and arthrogryposis in pelvic limbs, and bilateral patellar agenesia. The ethiopatogenia is discussed, as well as the comparative and embryological implications.     

荷斯坦牛脊椎畸形综合征TaqMan荧光PCR检测方法的建立与应用

【目的】建立快速筛查牛脊椎畸形综合征(Complex vertebral malformation,CVM)基因携带者的方法,在牛群中逐渐淘汰CVM基因携带者以减少养牛业损失.【方法】根据Gen Bank已发表的CVM基因的SLC35A3基因序列,设计合成了2对特异性引物和2条TaqMan探针,建立了牛脊椎畸形综合征Ta Man探针检测方法.对方法的特异性和敏感性进行分析后,应用该方法对临床样本进行检测,并与测序方法进行比较.【结果和结论】该方法能有效区分突变型、野生型和杂合型个体.各种基因型的检测灵敏度为:突变型质粒拷贝数1×10~3μL~(-1),杂合型质粒拷贝数1×10~4μL~(-1),野生型质粒拷贝数5×10~3μL~(-1).从292份荷斯坦牛全血中检出6份CVM基因携带者,与测序方法结果一致.本研究建立的方法简便快捷、准确率高,适合大样本筛选和口岸现场快速筛查.     

A survey of rice diseases in Bangladesh

Abstract

A survey conducted during 1979–81 in Bangladesh revealed 20 rice diseases, including two viral, two bacterial, 13 fungal, two nematode and one micronutrient deficiency problem. Of these diseases. 16 appeared as major during the period under report. The number of diseases were 17, 16 and 16 during the Boro. Aus and transplant Aman seasons, respectively, with 12 common in all three seasons. Thirteen diseases including bacterial blight, bacterial leaf streak, sheath blight, sheath rot, blast, brown spot, grain spot, stem rot and leaf scald were classified as major; and tungro, bakanae, cercospora leaf spot and zinc‐deficiency were classified as either major or minor, and were common to all regions. Diseases not common in all regions were stack burn, root knot, and ufra classified as major or minor, and false smut, seedling blight. Yellow dwarf and damping off which were always classified as minor. Diseases which were typical for Boro. Aus and transplant Aman seasons were seedling blight and damping off. Yellow dwarf, and false smut respectively. Aus the most humid and warmest season, and the coastal humid areas experienced more major diseases. Seasonal and regional differences in the disease incidence appeared related to agro‐climatic variations.     

重度修剪对杧果畸形病的防控研究

杧果畸形病是国际上为害杧果生产的一种严重病害,无有效化学药剂可以控制,也未发现抗病品种。目前,此病在攀枝花市零星种植或失管的杧果园发病较为严重,成片的杧果基地也有零星发生,且呈蔓延扩展趋势。国内有关杧果畸形病病原鉴定方面的报道较多,但无田间防治研究的报道。本文采取重度回缩修剪、结合其他措施对杧果畸形病进行防控研究。结果表明,与修剪处理前相比,处理1第1年发病率降低64.4%,单株产量增加10.28 kg;第2年发病率降低60.1%,单株产量增加36.31 kg;第3年发病率降低79.2%,单株产量增加28.79 kg。处理2第1年发病率降低71.6%,单株产量增加6.89 kg;第2年发病率降低62.8%,单株产量增加29.94 kg;第3年发病率降低84.5%,单株产量增加25.17kg。     

兽用胃动力注射液的毒理学试验研究

为提供胃动力注射液的安全性毒理学评价资料,本试验采用改良Ｋａｒｂｅｒ法测定小鼠ＬＤ５０;以剂量递增法测定蓄积性和耐受性,分别以剂量１．３８１,０．５８２,０．２７６ｍｇ／ｋｇ为３个试验组,设阴性和阳性对照组进行小鼠骨髓微核试验,分别以剂量２．１５４,１．０７７,０．５３９ｍｇ／ｋｇ为３个剂量组,设阴性和阳性对照组进行了有子畸形试验,结果表明：其ＬＤ５０为２．７６２ｍｇ／ｋｇ,蓄积系数大于５．３,无明显蓄积毒性和耐受性（Ｐ〉０．０５）,小鼠骨髓微核试验和精子畸形试验结果均为阴性。     

鱼类“致癌、致畸、致突变”测试技术在渔业环境监测中的应用↑（*）

以毒理学为指导,现代医学测试技术为基础,研制出适合鱼类“致癌、致畸、致突变”的测试技术和方法,并将之应用于渔业环境监测。对长江下游的南京段和镇江段监测表明,两江段受测鱼均发生不同程度的致畸、致突变效应,说明其水域中存在诱变源,且与该水域石油含量过高有关;对无锡河段泥鳅的致癌测试结果表明,该河段的泥鳅肝脏已发生恶性肿瘤,即肝癌     

Positive phototaxis as the cause of jaw malformations in larval greater amberjack,Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810): Mitigation by rearing in tanks with low‐brightness walls

Jaw malformations are a serious problem in fingerlings of the greater amberjack, Seriola dumerili. To establish a countermeasure against these malformations, we conducted a larval behavioural test to identify their root cause, and we investigated the ability of low‐brightness rearing tank walls to control their occurrence. Larval distribution was examined in a horizontally illuminated rectangular transparent aquarium (20 cm × 100 cm × 25 cm), and their distribution was biased towards the light source after this lighting was provided from 3 to 13 days post hatching (dph), indicating positive phototaxis; this response disappeared on 22 dph (there are no data between 13 and 22 dph). Larvae were observed to swim phototactically towards the light source and repeatedly collided with the tank wall (walling behaviour). To investigate the ability of wall brightness to control the incidence of jaw malformations, we compared their incidence in a rearing trial with different Munsell colour values for the tank walls: 2.11 (black), 5.85 (grey) and 9.52 (white). The incidence rate of jaw malformations at 25 dph was significantly lower in the tanks with lower‐brightness walls, that is, 5.8%, 22.5% and 26.8% for black, grey and white respectively. Larval walling behaviour was most intense for white, followed in order by grey and black. These results indicate that positive phototaxis elicits larval walling behaviour, causing jaw malformations, and that low‐brightness tank walls control this process.     

兴凯湖翘嘴鱼白适宜孵化水温的研究

将兴凯湖翘嘴鱼白鱼卵放在7组不同水温( 2 1℃、2 3℃、2 5℃、2 7℃、2 9℃、31℃、33℃) ,体积为80cm×5 0cm×5 0cm的水族箱中进行孵化,每组设2个平行组。试验结果表明:在2 1℃～2 9℃下,兴凯湖翘嘴鱼白的孵化率随着水温的升高而增高,其孵化时间也随之缩短;兴凯湖翘嘴鱼白孵化的适宜水温范围为2 5℃～2 9℃,最适水温为2 9℃±1℃,最高致死水温为31℃,当水温高于2 9℃或低于2 5℃时,畸形率增加。2 1℃孵化率为4. 38% ,畸形率为67. 1 3% ,孵化时间为2 9 .33h ,2 9℃时,孵化率为92 . 76% ,畸形率为0 ,孵化时间为1 5 . 2 5h ,31℃时,孵化率为0 . 5 9% ,畸形率为1 6 .1 3% ,孵化时间为1 3 .5h,33℃时,胚胎全部死亡。