胚胎干细胞向神经细胞定向诱导分化方法的研究进展

胚胎干细胞具有自我更新和多向分化潜能,有望成为治疗神经系统疾病重要的种子细胞来源。如何高效地诱导胚胎干细胞向特定神经细胞分化是目前研究的热点。本文就胚胎干细胞定向分化成神经细胞的3种方法:RA诱导法、谱系选择法和SDIA法及其移植研究做一综述。     

脂肪细胞膜免疫对动物体脂含量的调控

降低动物体内脂肪含量,改善畜产品质量一直是动物研究人员研究的重点。近年发展起来的脂肪细胞膜免疫为降低动物体脂含量提供了一种安全而有效的方法。本文简要介绍了脂肪细胞膜免疫的两种免疫方法,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

稀释液中添加海藻糖对猪冷冻精液质量参数和活性氧的影响

本试验旨在探讨海藻糖对猪精子冷冻效果以及精子内活性氧(ROS)的含量影响。试验分对照组和4个海藻糖处理组(0.025,0.05,0.1和0.2 mol/L)。精子冷却后,添加0.1 mol/L海藻糖处理组精子活力显著(P<0.05)高于对照组,而精子内和稀释液中各组间ROS发生量都没有显著的差异。精子冷冻解冻后,添加0.05 mol/L海藻糖处理组的精子活力显著(P<0.05)高于对照组;添加0.05 mol/L和0.1 mol/L海藻糖处理组的精子生存率显著(P<0.05)高于对照组;添加0.1 mol/L海藻糖处理组顶体完整的精子百分比显著(P<0.05)高于对照组;4个海藻糖处理组膨胀精子百分比都显著(P<0.05)高于对照组;添加0.025 mol/L海藻糖处理组ROS水平显著(P<0.05)低于对照组。结果表明:海藻糖对精子冷冻保存是有益的,且能抑制精子内ROS的发生,但它的作用机制有待于进一步的研究。     

日粮维生素E水平对山羊精液品质的影响

采用4×4拉丁方设计,给金堂黑山羊饲喂维生素E浓度不同(常量:30 mg/kg维生素E,10,50,100倍常量的添加量)而其他营养成分均一致的4种日粮,探索日粮中添加维生素E对山羊精液品质的影响。结果表明:日粮中添加维生素E有助于提高山羊采精量、精子密度和鲜精活率,改善其精液品质(P<0.05);随着日粮中维生素E浓度的增加,山羊采精量、精子密度和鲜精活率也随之改善,添加量为常量的50倍(1500 mg/kg)时,精子密度和鲜精活率最佳(P<0.01)。当添加量超过常量50倍时(100),精子密度和鲜精活率有所降低,但与添加量为50倍的试验组差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

芦荟乙酰化甘露聚糖对肉仔鸡cAMP/cGMP与免疫功能的影响

本试验研究了肉仔鸡日粮中添加芦荟乙酰化甘露聚糖对环核苷酸含量与免疫功能的影响。结果表明:芦荟凝胶、多糖和乙酰化甘露聚糖均能显著(P<0.05)增加肉鸡体重和肝脏重量,提高血浆和肝脏的cAMP和血浆、肝脏的cGMP水平,以及血浆和肝脏的cAMP/cGMP比值。注射绵羊红细胞,一免后,7 d抗体总量和IgG含量达到峰值。与对照组相比,一免后,7,11,14 d肉仔鸡的抗体总量和IgG值较高,差异显著(P<0.05);二免后,4 d抗体总量和IgG含量达到峰值,并长时间内维持高水平。二免后乙酰化甘露聚糖显著(P<0.05)提高了肉仔鸡对新城疫疫苗(NDV)的抗体水平,同时还增强了肉仔鸡对NDV的免疫应答。本研究表明乙酰化甘露聚糖能提高肉仔鸡的体液免疫功能。     

Effects of feeding and animal performance on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium excretion by Holstein cows

Thirty‐four Holstein dry cows and 16 lactating cows were used in balance trials to identify the effects of feeding and animal performance on nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) excretion by dairy cows, and to develop prediction models for these excreta. Orchard grass silage, corn silage, alfalfa silage or timothy hay were offered to dry cows. Orchard grass silage or alfalfa silage, and concentrates were offered to lactating cows. In the statistical analysis, the independent variables were bodyweight (kg), dry matter (DM) intake (kg/day), milk yield (for lactating cows only, kg/day), water intake (free water plus water in feed, kg/day), intake (g/day) of N, P and K and dietary contents (% of DM) of crude protein, P and K. The dependent variables were N, P and K excretion (g/day) in feces and urine. In both dry and lactating cows, intake of N, P and K had large effects on corresponding excretion. The results indicated that a decrease in the intake of N, P and K could decrease the corresponding excretion. Further research by path analysis showed that K intake positively affected urinary N excretion in dry cows indirectly, through water intake and urine volume.     

新疆草地生态安全问题、现状与对策分析

简要介绍新疆草地生态问题的由来及现状，运用新的生态安全理论分析新疆草地生态安全时空特征，指出新疆草地生态安全问题是长期人地矛盾不断尖锐与发展演变而来。人口膨胀引起的资源环境破坏、超载过牧造成对资源的掠夺经营等，使草地稳定自协调机制破坏，草地自然生态系统由稳定走向严重危机，并引发新的牧业危机。分析指出，实现人地关系的和谐，需综合考虑生态、经济、社会历史等方面的因素。其中，绿洲区牧民定居点的综合发展水平是维护草地生态安全、实现牧业可持续发展的关键。实现生态安全与可持续发展的主要对策有：依法监理草地放牧状况、合理利用、改良与保护天然草地、高效经营人工草料基地、提高畜牧业经营水平等。依托的关键技术有：草地资源监测技术、退化草地治理及草地利用实用技术等。     

Aversion of the feral pigeon and the house sparrow to pellets and sprouts treated with commercial formulations of methyl anthranilate

Two methyl anthranilate formulations, ReJex‐iT® TP‐40 and AG‐36, were tested as bird‐repelling agents for animal feed and vegetable sprouts, respectively. Feral pigeons (Columba livia) and house sparrows (Passer domesticus) are important pests of animal husbandry and field crops in Israel. In each 4‐day experiment, four birds were held together in an aviary, and were offered four trays or dishes with animal feed or cauliflower sprouts in four corners of the cage. The trays and dishes were transposed daily in a Latin square sequence. Pigeons consumed significantly more untreated feed than treated feed. When no alternative untreated food was offered, there was no significant repellency. Treatment of animal feed with TP‐40 to give 2.0 ml methyl anthranilate kg^?1 or less had no repellent effect on sparrows. Concentrations of 4.0 ml kg^?1 or more repelled the sparrows significantly. When no untreated feed was presented, pigeons and sparrows preferred the lowest concentration of methyl anthranilate presented. When AG‐36 was tested on vegetable sprouts, the sparrows tended significantly to avoid the highest concentration used—14.5 ml methyl anthranilate litre^?1 spray. The inter‐specific differences between the birds indicate that the efficacy of methyl anthranilate formulations as a repellent has to be specified for every species. This study did not determine (1) the possibility of developing habituation, (2) the behaviour of birds under natural conditions in the field, or (3) the influence of the feeding behaviour of a sympatric bird species on the repellency of methyl anthranilate to other species. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

实验动物房消毒试验研究

选用５种常用消毒药物进行消毒试验,抑菌试验。结果表明实验动物房选择消毒药物的顺序为：乳酸、醋酸钠、百毒杀、卫康、过氧乙酸,消毒间隔以３个月为宜。     

新疆畜牧业持续快速发展探讨

发展畜牧业是新疆农业生产的重要内容,根据物业生产和市场供求的实际情况,调整畜牧业生产布局,牧区建立育肥商品畜源基地,农区发展育肥,建立着牛肉生产基地;同时,建立各级粗精饲料生产供应网络,保证畜牧业低成本运转,促进新疆畜牧业持续快速发展。