北方地区苋菜蚜虫无害化治理技术

综述了苋菜蚜虫的无害化防除技术,包括苋菜蚜虫的农业防治法、生物防治法及物理防治法等无害化防除方法。     

籽粒苋秋季去穗秸秆与青干草饲喂生长兔增重效果对比试验

用秋季籽粒苋收籽后的去穗秸秆替代禾本科青干草饲喂生长兔的试验表明,其日增重达27.98克,与喂青干草组日增重28.85克差异不显著(P>0.05),故籽粒苋的去穗秸秆对兔的饲用价值与青干草相似。     

施硫对苋菜生长及品质的影响

目的]确定降低苋菜硝酸盐累积效果最佳的施硫浓度,为完善苋菜科学施硫技术提供指导。[方法]采用盆栽方法,设置4个施硫肥水平,测定其对植株生长及硝酸盐、Vc含量的影响。[结果]施硫提高了苋菜的株高、单株重、最大叶长及最大叶宽。当硫浓度为20 mg/kg(S_2)时,株高最高,较不施硫处理(S_0)增加了14.3%。3个硫处理(S_1~S_3)硝酸盐含量降幅为20.6%~64.7%。施硫浓度为10 mg/kg时植株可食部分硝酸盐含量降低了64.7%。施硫处理苋菜V_C含量增加了19.7%~28.3%。[结论]大田苋菜适宜的施硫浓度为10~20 mg/kg。     

Use of dye industry effluent for irrigation in Amaranthus cruentus L. production: effect on growth,root morphology,heavy metal accumulation,and the safety concerns

This study characterized three local dye effluents from major tie and dye industries at Asero, Itoku, and Kemta in Ogun State, Nigeria, and evaluated their effect on growth and heavy metal accumulation in pot-grown amaranth. The effluents were diluted with water at 0%, 25%, 50%, and 100% and replicated three times. Physicochemical properties and heavy metal content of effluent dilutions were analyzed. Results indicated that irrespective of the source, effluents, and dilutions, effluent properties exceeded permissible limits by World Health Organization/Food and Agricultural Organization/Federal Environmental Protection Agency for irrigation. The SO₄^2?, PO₄^3?, NO₃^?, Fe, and Cr contents of effluent dilutions were higher than the maximum limits recommended. The order of toxicity of dye effluents was Asero > Itoku > Kemta. Effluent concentrations at 50% and 100% damaged amaranth root hairs, caused the death of some amaranth, significantly reduced number of leaves, height, fresh and dry root, and shoot weight, but increased stem girth and heavy metal accumulation in plant parts. Mg, Cu, and Zn were more concentrated in the shoots. Due to the high metal content, consumption of this vegetable poses a potential health risk. Strict law enforcement against the use of the effluent for irrigation should be made to prevent environmental hazard.     

汞水平对苋菜种子萌发的影响

采用不同浓度的氯化汞溶液(0.5、1.0、2.5、5.0、10.0、25.0、50.0、100.0 mg/L)对不同品种苋菜种子进行浸种处理。结果表明,Hg+对苋菜种子萌发的影响在低浓度时有促进作用,随着Hg+浓度增加,苋菜种子的根长和芽长都明显减少,当Hg+浓度达到100 mg/L时,苋菜种子见萌芽,但都有红褐色痕迹,即汞污染现象非常明显;Hg+较高浓度时,各个不同品种苋菜种子导电率相对较高,种子活力相对较低。     

Progress of Research on K-rich plant of Grain Amaranth

籽粒苋是一种富钾植物，同时也是一种生物量很大的绿肥和营养价值较高的保健类植物。笔者综述了目前国内外对籽粒苋的生理生化特征、分子生物学基础、富钾机理、矿质营养特点及在食品、药用、饲料、绿肥等方面的研究进展，并对今后籽粒苋的研究提出了建议。     

籽粒苋蛋白质的提取研究

为了探索籽粒苋蛋白质的提取工艺，研究了不同的介质pH值、提取时间、提取温度和加水比例对籽粒苋蛋白质的可溶出率的影响，分析了3种pH值下提取的蛋白质氨基酸组成。结果表明：pH值极大地影响籽粒苋蛋白质的溶出率，pH 2.0～4.6时，随pH值上升，溶出率下降，pH 4.6～12.0时，随pH值上升，可溶出率增大；pH值4.6时为最低点，此时可能为籽粒苋蛋白质的等电点；水与籽粒苋之比为20时，蛋白质的可溶出率较其它比例为高；其它因素对籽粒苋蛋白质的溶出率影响不大。因此，籽粒苋蛋白质最佳提取工艺条件采用料液比为1∶20，在pH 8～10的碱性环境下，室温浸提1 h。     

Protein quality evaluation of amaranth in adult humans

This study was carried out to determine the nutritional quality of the protein of amaranth grain submitted to extrusion and popping processes, using cheese protein as reference. For the biological evaluation, the short-term nitrogen balance index method was followed with 12 experimental adult male human subjects. A Latin square series 3×3 was used (three periods, three subjects) as an experimental design balanced to minimize residual effects by randomly ordering treatments, columns and rows. The study consisted of three periods of nine days each.The first period started by feeding all subjects a low nitrogen diet, followed by increases of the protein level every two days. The levels were 0.2, 0.4, 0.6/g protein/kg/day, keeping other nutritional elements constant and adequated, including calories, minerals and vitamins. All subjects received all their meals using as a sole source of protein extruded amaranth, popped amaranth or processed cheese. Water intake was kept at a rate of 0.8–1.0 ml per calories consumed. During the study, the subjects maintained regular physical activity.Amaranthus cruentus was utilized. The extruded amaranth was prepared with the Brady Crop Cooker under conditions previously established in other studies. The popped amaranth was prepared at a 250°C temperature during 15–20 sec.The extruded and popped amaranths were provided as a sweet puree and, as all the other foods conforming the diets of each subject, they were weighed with 0.1 g of accuracy. Diet samples, as well as faeces and urine, were collected daily, which were ordered according to period and level of protein, conforming pools to determine their nitrogen content by the Kjeldahl method. True digestibility results of the protein were 101.4, 89.8 and 85.5% for cheese, extruded amaranth and popped amaranth, respectively. The statistical analysis according to the Tukey test showed that the true digestibility of the protein was the same for the two products of amaranth and different than the digestibility of cheese. Nitrogen balance index values from the equation between nitrogen intake and nitrogen retained, were 0.97, 0.86 and 0.79 for cheese, extruded amaranth and popped amaranth, respectively. The respective values between nitrogen absorbed and nitrogen retained were 0.97, 0.98 and 0.96. The Tukey test indicated that for NI to NR cheese was statistically different for the two amaranth products, which were similar between them. For the relationship NA to NR all values were statistically the same. The calculation of nitrogen intake for nitrogen equilibrium indicated that the amaranth protein is among the highest in nutritive quality of vegetable origin and close to those of animal origin products.     

溴虫腈在黄瓜和苋菜中的残留动态研究

通过田间试验和气相色谱分析,研究了溴虫腈在黄瓜Cucumis sativus和苋菜Amaranthus mangostanus中的残留消解动态和最终残留量.样品经丙酮提取抽滤后,二氯甲烷萃取分离,过氧化铝和活性炭柱净化,用带ECD检测器的气相色谱进行测定.结果表明,溴虫腈在黄瓜和苋菜中的消解较快.w为10%除尽(溴虫腈)悬浮剂使用量为0.075 mL·m-2时,在黄瓜和苋菜中的降解动态方程分别为Ct=6.368 0e-0.151 2t和Ct=5.332 5e-0.568 0t,半衰期为3.4和1.2 d;使用量为0.112 mL·m-2时,在黄瓜和苋菜中的降解动态方程分别为Ct=22.166 0e-0.204 6t和Ct=7.930 9e-0.558 4t,半衰期为4.6和1.2 d.在正常使用条件下,无论是推荐剂量还是1.5倍推荐剂量,施药2～3次,药后7和14 d,溴虫腈在黄瓜和苋菜中的最终残留都低于美国国家环保署规定的蔬菜最大允许残留量(1 mg·kg-1).     

籽粒苋酸奶的研究

籽粒苋酸奶是将优质籽粒苋经酶水解制得籽粒苋奶液，再添加鲜奶、蔗糖，然后接种乳酸菌，经发酵及后熟而制成的一种新型酸奶饮品。实验对其生产工艺进行研究探讨，并对产品质量进行了检测，认为籽粒苋酸奶是一种营养成分丰富，且色、香、味俱佳的营养保健饮品