富钾植物籽粒苋根系分泌物及其矿物释钾作用的研究

应用１４ Ｃ 同位素示踪技术研究了籽粒苋品种根系分泌物的动态、构成以及对含钾矿物钾素释放的作用。结果表明,具有高效富钾特性的籽粒苋品种, Ｃ Ｏ２ 同化能力强,光合产物向根外分泌的比例大。籽粒苋根系分泌物中的有机酸主要是草酸,占有机酸总量的９５ ％ 以上。不同种属的籽粒苋分泌有机酸的能力不同,一般是 Ａ Ｄｕｂｉｓ＞ Ａ Ｒｅｔｒｏｆｌｅｘｕｓ ＞ Ａ Ｃｒｕｅｎｔｕｓ 。同一种内,则钾素利用高效型品种一般型品种。钾亏缺处理显著提高光合产物向根外的分泌量。钾利用高效型籽粒苋品种的草酸分泌量明显增加。根系分泌物对含钾矿物有明显的解钾作用。草酸含量与根系分泌物解钾量显著相关,籽粒苋的草酸分泌能力是籽粒苋高效吸收利用土壤钾及富钾特性的重要机理之一。     

铜对苋菜幼苗光合参数和活性氧代谢的影响

 【目的】明确铜毒影响苋菜（Amaranthus tricolor）幼苗光合作用和活性氧代谢的生理机制。【方法】采用土培试验测定了不同水平铜处理下苋菜幼苗生长、光合作用、矿质元素吸收和活性氧代谢的相关指标。【结果】2.0～4.0 mmol•kg-1铜处理下植株干重降至无铜处理（对照）的91%～73%,净光合速率和气孔导度均明显减小,但胞间CO2浓度并没发生显著变化,最大光化学效率的变化比实际量子效率小得多,这暗示着光合作用暗反应对ATP和NADH需求减少使光化学下调。此外,叶片光合色素、水分和矿质元素Fe、K和Mg含量均明显降低,Cu含量明显升高。2.0～4.0 mmol•kg-1铜处理显著增加叶片超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性和脯氨酸含量,降低过氧化氢酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性及类胡萝卜素、还原型谷胱甘肽和抗坏血酸含量,并伴随丙二醛含量和细胞电解质渗漏率增加。【结论】2.0 mmol•kg-1以上铜处理引起苋菜活性氧代谢失衡,明显降低净光合速率和实际量子效率,加剧过氧化作用,导致植株生长严重受阻。     

过量施用氮肥对苋菜和木耳菜硝酸盐含量的影响

就苋菜、木耳菜不同施氮水平对其硝酸盐含量的影响进行了研究,目的是为减少氮肥施用中的肥料污染问题提供理论基础。通过试验统计的方法进行设计实验与分析。结果表明：在一定的范围内NO3—含量随施氮量增加而增加,但施肥量超过某一临界值后,产量会下降,而硝酸盐含量仍有上升。同时,蔬菜在不同发育阶段、天气情况、施肥时间长短,NO3—含量也会有所不同。     

四种苋属植物种子萌发对策的研究

以徐州地区常见的4种苋菜种子,皱果苋、凹头苋、反枝苋和白苋为材料,分别在15、20、25、30℃和20℃/25℃变温、遮光条件下进行萌发实验,分析温度对种子萌发的影响。结果表明,皱果苋和白苋种子萌发的适宜温度在25℃左右,凹头苋和反枝苋种子萌发的适宜温度为30℃;变温对4种苋菜种子萌发没有显著影响;黑暗条件下,反枝苋的萌发率显著提高,而其余3种无显著变化。冷藏4年后在25℃条件下进行萌发实验,实验结果表明:皱果苋和白苋在发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数三方面与储藏前比较都显著降低,而凹头苋和反枝苋在发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数三方面与储藏前比较都显著升高。     

野生苋菜光合日变化及与环境因子的相关性研究

在自然生长条件下测定了野生苋菜的光合速率和蒸腾速率及环境因子的日变化规律,并分析了光合速率、蒸腾速率与环境因子的相关性。结果表明:光合速率和蒸腾速率的日变化呈"单峰"曲线,光合速率的峰值出现在12:00左右,蒸腾速率的峰值比光合速率的峰值晚2 h,出现在14:00左右。苋菜的Pn与PAR、Ta、Gs呈极显著的正相关(P<0.01),与Ca呈显著的正相关(P<0.05),与RH呈负相关。苋菜的Tr与Ta呈极显著的正相关(P<0.01),与RH呈极显著的负相关(P<0.01),与PAR、Gs、Ca呈显著的正相关(P<0.05)。     

苋菜及部分野生蔬菜资源的收集、评价及开发利用

国家蔬菜工程技术研究中心共收集苋菜及部分野生蔬菜资源1070份。按食用器官分类，共分为七大类数十个种类，显示出我国蔬菜遗传资源的多样性。分析测定了703份野生蔬菜的营养成分。针对目前我国在野生蔬菜资源的基础研究和开发利用中存在的问题，提出了相应的对策。     

Improved functional properties of pasta: Enrichment with amaranth seed flour and dried amaranth leaves

The present investigation evaluated the effects of dried amaranth leaves (DAL) and amaranth seed flour (AF) as ingredients for pasta production and their contribution to antioxidant activity. Cooking quality, proximal and aroma analysis, antioxidant capacity and sensory evaluations were performed. The results demonstrated that pastas with amaranth ingredients had decreased cooking time, increased cooking loss percentage, and decreased luminosity values compared with semolina control pasta. Pastas with both AF and DAL demonstrated the highest protein, crude fiber and ash contents. The addition of DAL resulted in higher contents of iron, zinc, magnesium and potassium compared with the control pasta. TC, FRAP and ORAC assays showed that the pastas exhibited an important reduction in antioxidant capacity by cooking process. Formulas with DAL showed the higher antioxidant capacity values after cooking. The addition of AF and DAL has proved to increase the functional benefits of the pasta.     

Degradation parameters of amaranth,barley and quinoa in alpacas fed grass hay

This study was conducted to determine the compartment 1 (C1) characteristics of alpacas (fistulated male, 7 ± 1.5 years old, 61 ± 5 kg BW) fed grass hay (GH) supplemented with amaranth (AM), quinoa (Q) and barley (B) grains. Alpacas were provided water ad libitum while housed in metabolism crates. The GH and GH plus treatments were fed at 0700 every day. Treatment periods were for 14 days in which GH or GH plus one of the grain treatments were randomly allocated. On day 14, volatile fatty acids (VFA), pH and ammonia nitrogen (NH₃‐N) were determined at 1, 3, 6, 10, 14, 18 and 24 h post‐feeding. C1 degradation of each feed component was also determined with the alpacas being fed GH only and the samples incubated for 0, 2, 4, 8, 14, 24, 48 and 72 h. Dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and crude protein (CP) were determined and were divided into three categories: a = immediately soluble; b = the non‐soluble but degradable; and u = non‐degradable/unavailable, potential extent of degradation (PE), degradation rate (c) and effective degradation (ED). C1 passage rate was determined using acid detergent insoluble ash as a marker and was calculated to be 5.5%?h‐1. Total DM intake was highest (p < 0.05) for B and resulted in a higher (p < 0.05) CP intake. GH and AM were different in mean pH (6.81 and 6.66, respectively). B NH₃‐N was greater (p < 0.05) than the other treatments. Total VFA was greatest (p < 0.05) for AM, with the greatest composition differences being a shift form acetate percentage to butyrate. DM, NDF and CP degradation was different across the treatments, where PE and ED were higher (p < 0.05) for the grain treatments. The pseudo‐grains AM and Q had similar C1 degradation characteristics to B.     

籽粒苋秋季去籽穗壳与青干草饲喂生长兔增重效果对比试验

用秋季籽粒苋收籽后的去籽穗壳替代禾本科青干草饲喂生长兔表明,其日增重为31.36克,比青干草提高8.70％,差异显著(P<0.05);饲料利用率也高于青干草,料重比4.91:1,降低9.57％;属宰率相近,分别为50.47％和50.29％。