Depletion of serum alternative complement pathway activity in gilthead seabream caused by α-tocopherol and n-3 HUFA dietary deficiencies

Studies on the alternative complement pathway (ACP) activity in fish have suggested the particular relevance of this pathway as a non-specific immune mechanism being its activation directly related with the availability of certain nutrients. In the present study ACP activity in gilthead seabream fed different dietary levels of a-tocopherol and n-3 HUFA deficiencies was studied under different stress conditions (overcrowding and repetitive chasing).A reduction in ACP activity was found when diets with deficiencies in -tocopherol and n-3 HUFA were assayed at any of the experimental conditions assayed. Levels of plasma cortisol were similar to those of fish after crowding stress subjected to dietary deficiencies at low stocking density, suggesting that dietary deficiencies produced a chronic elevation of cortisol. When fish were subjected to repetitive chasing, plasma cortisol from fish fed control diet showed a progressive increase whereas plasma cortisol levels from both dietary deficient groups showed a transitory peak 4 days after the beginning of the repetitive chasing. However, ACP activity levels of fish fed deficient diets remained lower than the control group and constant during chasing period. These results suggest that both a-tocopherol and n-3 HUFA nutritional deficiencies rather than stress are an important determinant of fish complement activity.     

Experimental Final Hosts of Metagonimus Hakubaensis (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) and Their Suitability to the Fluke

Seven laboratory mammal and bird species were orally inoculated with 200–1,000 encysted Metagonimus hakubaensis metacercariae that had been isolated from naturally infected lampreys (Lethenteron reissneri) captured in Aomori Prefecture. At 8 and 15 days post-infection, adult flukes were recovered from all of the laboratory animals tested, and therefore, hamster, rat, mouse, dog, cat, chicken and quail were considered as final hosts of M. hakubaensis. Recovery rates of the fluke were higher in dogs and hamsters than in cats, rats, mice, chickens and quails. The flukes recovered from dogs and hamsters showed increased body length and higher fecundity than those recovered from the other hosts. These results indicate that the suitability of dogs and hamsters for M. hakubaensis infection is higher than that of the other laboratory animals.     

寄主种类和阿维菌素对小菜蛾产卵选择行为的影响

通过田间笼罩试验,研究了小菜蛾对7种十字花科蔬菜的产卵选择性,以及喷施阿维菌素对小菜蛾产卵选择行为的影响．结果发现,其选择顺序为小白菜〉油菜〉芥菜〉萝卜〉菜心〉甘蓝〉花椰菜;喷施阿维菌素之后,小菜蛾对寄主的产卵选择性发生了变化,其在尽可能的躲避杀虫剂后才选择喜好的寄主植物．可见,寄主种类和阿维菌素共同影响小菜蛾的产卵选择行为．     

斑点叉尾趋化因子SCYA126基因及其可变剪接

通过探针杂交筛选斑点叉尾(Ictalurus punctatus)BAC基因组文库,利用引物步移的方法对阳性克隆BAC047 K12进行序列测定,得到2 815 bp的SCYA126基因组序列。序列分析表明,SCYA126基因由2个外显子和1个内含子组成;外显子拼接的序列与SCYA126cDNA序列完全一致,编码92个氨基酸,在N端含有2个相邻的半胱氨酸(CC)和2个不相邻的半胱氨酸,为典型的CC趋化因子亚家族成员;其上游调控序列包含TATA框启动子序列和一些与免疫相关的转录因子结合位点。另外,根据与GenBank接收号为BM029630的EST序列的比较分析,发现SCYA126基因组中的内含子没有被剪接,导致翻译后可能产生N端部分缺失的SCYA126蛋白。在胰脏和肝脏中确认了高表达的包含内含子的mRNA的存在,而且其表达量要明显高于正常剪接的SCYA126mRNA。[中国水产科学,2007,14(1):1-7]     

The life cycle of Henneguya nuesslini Schuberg & Schroder, 1905 (Myxozoa) involves a triactinomyxon-type actinospore

The life cycle of the histozoic myxozoan parasite Henneguya nuesslini was investigated in two salmonid host species. Naive brown trout, Salmo trutta, and brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, were experimentally infected in two trials by triactinomyxon type actinospores from naturally infected Tubifex tubifex. In exposed common carp, Cyprinus carpio, no myxospore production was detected. The parasite formed cysts with mature myxospores in the connective tissue of the fish 102 days post-exposure. The morphology of both actinosporean and myxosporean stages was described by light microscopy and a 1417-bp fragment of the 18S rDNA gene was sequenced. Sequence analysis confirmed the absolute congruence of the two developmental stages and assisted in determining species identity. Host range, tissue specificity and myxospore measurements provided sufficiently distinctive features to confirm species validity and were thus crucial for identification. The triactinomyxon spores had 16 secondary germ cells, unique dimensions, a very opaque sporoplasm matrix and three conspicuously protruding, pyriform polar capsules. This is the first record of a Henneguya sp. life cycle with a triactinomyxon-type actinospore, which suggests a close relationship with the Myxobolus group and a polyphyletic origin of the genus Henneguya.     

我国猪瘟疫苗效力检验的替代方法研究与应用进展

我国兽药典中现行的猪瘟疫苗效力检验方法存在试验成本较高、周期较长、操作较繁琐、重复性较差、敏感性较低等缺点,随着分子生物学与免疫学技术的日臻发展与应用,猪瘟疫苗效力检验的新兴替代检验方法不断发展和完善。论文就我国近年来针对猪瘟疫苗毒种、半成品、成品效力检验的新兴分子生物学和免疫学检测方法的研究与应用进展做一简要综述,旨在为提升我国猪瘟疫苗效力检验水平提供合理的科学依据。     

Renibacterium salmoninarum bar forms: characterization, occurrence, and evidence of a host response to a R. salmoninarum infection

Unique-staining Renibacterium salmoninarum (Rs) cells, termed bar forms, first observed in a coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), in 1983, could not be cultured, making their characterization difficult and significance obscure. They can be detected only by the fluorescent-antibody technique (FAT) and their numbers estimated only by a quantitative FAT (QFAT). Data collected over a 10-year period showed that bar forms were observed only in vivo and appeared associated with a host response. Bar forms were observed in 10 salmonid species from five countries and in fish from < 1 g to spawning adults. They were observed in 50.1% of kidney smears prepared from 10,061 Rs positive chinook, O. tshawytscha (Walbaum), coho, and Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Bar forms were shown to be Rs cells based on absorption studies, their reaction with an Rs-specific FAT and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and a transition from 'typical' Rs cells to bar forms in naturally and experimentally infected fish. Bar forms were determined to be non-virulent, damaged or dead Rs cells, based on fluorescence and electron microscopy observations, the inability to culture them, and mortality data. Bar forms appeared to represent visual markers of recovery from an Rs infection.     

杨小舟蛾成虫对5种黑杨无性系的寄主选择行为

为比较杨小舟蛾对不同寄主的选择差异性,利用生物观察法研究了该成虫在5种黑杨无性系寄主间的停靠选择行为和产卵选择行为,验证了5种寄主挥发物对该虫进行寄主选择过程产生的作用。结果表明:不同性别、不同生理状态的成虫对5种寄主的选择率存在差异;雌性个体无论是否交配均表现出对5种样本相同的差异性选择,而雄性个体则未表现出这种选择差异性。在相同虫数下,有更多的交配后雌蛾对寄主做出了选择,与未交配雌蛾选择虫数相比差异显著。杨小舟蛾对碧玉杨的寄主产卵选择性最强,108杨次之,与对照差异显著;其余处理与对照差异不显著。     

内生真菌与宿主小花棘豆抗盐性的关系研究

以感染内生真菌的新疆和田一牧场小花棘豆为试验材料,通过建立内生真菌感染(E+)和未感染(E-)的小花棘豆植株,并对其进行氯化钠盐胁迫试验。在室内盆栽的条件下,比较带内生真菌E+与不带内生真菌E-的小花棘豆在相同环境下不同NaCl浓度(0、100、200、300 mmol/L)条件下脯氨酸、丙二醛、过氧化氢酶活性、过氧化物酶活性、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白指标变化情况。试验结果表明:感染内生真菌植株的过氧化物酶、可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白含量都随盐胁迫浓度升高而升高,但感染内生真菌植株的过氧化物酶活性和可溶性蛋白含量均低于未感染植株;内生真菌感染的小花棘豆叶内脯氨酸含量在100、200 mmol/L,高于未感染植株;感染植株的过氧化氢酶活性呈先降低再升高的趋势,均低于非感染处理;但丙二醛的含量一直是感染植株低于未感染植株,且随盐分胁迫浓度增加,感染植株丙二醛含量呈现降低趋势。总体来看,内生真菌感染提高了宿主的抗盐性。