小麦TaNAC基因基于可变剪切和microRNA的转录后调控分析

【目的】以条锈菌和白粉菌胁迫的普通小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）为研究对象,分析由可变剪切（alternative splicing,AS）形成的TaNAC结构变异转录本,同时分析TaNAC基因的microRNA调控位点,为进一步解析TaNAC基因通过转录后调控参与小麦响应真菌胁迫奠定基础。【方法】普通小麦兼抗种质N9134在被白粉菌和条锈菌分别侵染后,各8个时间点取样并混合,然后从混合样本中克隆得到大量TaNAC转录本。参考中国春小麦基因组注释信息（IWGSC RefSeq v1.1）进行比对,选择由可变剪切形成的TaNAC序列结构变异转录本,分析它们的序列结构特征。利用生物信息学软件和在线工具,对这些TaNAC结构变异转录本编码产物的功能结构域、高级结构、理化性质、亚细胞定位等特征和变异情况进行比对分析。同时,利用洋葱表皮细胞瞬时表达系统验证其中1对TaNAC结构变异转录本的亚细胞定位预测结果,并选取5组TaNAC基因的可变剪切序列结构变异转录本进行酵母转录自激活试验,研究序列结构变异对TaNAC基因转录调控活性的影响。此外,利用miRBase数据库收录的小麦中已报道的miRNAs和TaNAC基因,进行靶基因预测分析,建立小麦TaNAC家族成员与miRNAs的靶向关系。【结果】以条锈菌和白粉菌侵染的普通小麦兼抗种质N9134为材料,克隆得到的TaNAC转录本中的35条序列结构变异转录本由13个TaNAC基因可变剪切形成。通过分析发现,同一TaNAC基因由可变剪切形成的不同结构变异转录本的核酸序列结构存在差异,而且其对应编码产物的功能结构域、高级结构、理化性质和亚细胞定位等方面均会存在差异,同时也会表现出不同的转录调控活性;不同TaNAC基因的可变剪切方式存在差异,而且它们的结构变异转录本及其编码产物在结构特征、理化性质和转录调控活性等方面也均呈现出多样性的特征。通过分析TaNAC基因与其在编码序列区域的靶标tae-miRNAs,发现具有可变剪切转录本的TaNAC基因与tae-miRNA的结合位点均在其非可变剪切区域。【结论】TaNAC基因可以通过可变剪切这种转录后调控方式参与小麦对真菌胁迫的响应;同时发现,调控TaNAC基因的tae-miRNA可以独立于可变剪切这种转录后调控方式行使功能。     

Tomato mottle mosaic virus: Characterization,resistance gene effectiveness,and quintuplex RT-PCR detection system

Tomato mottle mosaic virus (ToMMV), an economically important species of the genus Tobamovirus, causes significant loss in yield and quality of tomato fruits. Here, we identified the Shandong isolate of ToMMV (ToMMV-SD) collected from symptomatic tomato fruits in Weifang, Shandong Province of China. ToMMV-SD caused symptoms such as severe mosaic, mottling, and necrosis of tomato leaves, yellow spot and necrotic lesions on tomato fruits. The obtained full genome of ToMMV-SD was 6 399 nucleotides (accession number MW373515) and had the highest identity of 99.5% with that of isolate SC13-051 from the United States of America at the genomic level. The infectious clone of ToMMV-SD was constructed and induced clear mosaic and necrotic symptoms onto Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Several commercial tomato cultivars, harboring Tm-2² resistance gene, and pepper cultivars, containing L resistance gene, were susceptible to ToMMV-SD. Plants of Solanum melongena (eggplant) and Brassica pekinensis (napa cabbage) showed mottling symptoms, while N. tabacum cv. Zhongyan 100 displayed latent infection. ToMMV-SD did not infect plants of N. tabacum cv. Xanthi NN, Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis (bok choy), Raphanus sativus (radish), Vigna unguiculata cv. Yuanzhong 28-2 (cowpea), or Tm-2² transgenic N. benthamiana. A quintuplex RT-PCR system differentiated ToMMV from tomato mosaic virus, tomato brown rugose fruit virus, tobacco mosaic virus, and tomato spotted wilt virus, with the threshold amount of 0.02 pg. These results highlight the threat posed by ToMMV to tomato and pepper cultivation and offer an efficient detection system for the simultaneous detection of four tobamoviruses and tomato spotted wilt virus infecting tomato plants in the field.     

Depletion of serum alternative complement pathway activity in gilthead seabream caused by α-tocopherol and n-3 HUFA dietary deficiencies

Studies on the alternative complement pathway (ACP) activity in fish have suggested the particular relevance of this pathway as a non-specific immune mechanism being its activation directly related with the availability of certain nutrients. In the present study ACP activity in gilthead seabream fed different dietary levels of a-tocopherol and n-3 HUFA deficiencies was studied under different stress conditions (overcrowding and repetitive chasing).A reduction in ACP activity was found when diets with deficiencies in -tocopherol and n-3 HUFA were assayed at any of the experimental conditions assayed. Levels of plasma cortisol were similar to those of fish after crowding stress subjected to dietary deficiencies at low stocking density, suggesting that dietary deficiencies produced a chronic elevation of cortisol. When fish were subjected to repetitive chasing, plasma cortisol from fish fed control diet showed a progressive increase whereas plasma cortisol levels from both dietary deficient groups showed a transitory peak 4 days after the beginning of the repetitive chasing. However, ACP activity levels of fish fed deficient diets remained lower than the control group and constant during chasing period. These results suggest that both a-tocopherol and n-3 HUFA nutritional deficiencies rather than stress are an important determinant of fish complement activity.     

Experimental Final Hosts of Metagonimus Hakubaensis (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) and Their Suitability to the Fluke

Seven laboratory mammal and bird species were orally inoculated with 200–1,000 encysted Metagonimus hakubaensis metacercariae that had been isolated from naturally infected lampreys (Lethenteron reissneri) captured in Aomori Prefecture. At 8 and 15 days post-infection, adult flukes were recovered from all of the laboratory animals tested, and therefore, hamster, rat, mouse, dog, cat, chicken and quail were considered as final hosts of M. hakubaensis. Recovery rates of the fluke were higher in dogs and hamsters than in cats, rats, mice, chickens and quails. The flukes recovered from dogs and hamsters showed increased body length and higher fecundity than those recovered from the other hosts. These results indicate that the suitability of dogs and hamsters for M. hakubaensis infection is higher than that of the other laboratory animals.     

寄主种类和阿维菌素对小菜蛾产卵选择行为的影响

通过田间笼罩试验,研究了小菜蛾对7种十字花科蔬菜的产卵选择性,以及喷施阿维菌素对小菜蛾产卵选择行为的影响．结果发现,其选择顺序为小白菜〉油菜〉芥菜〉萝卜〉菜心〉甘蓝〉花椰菜;喷施阿维菌素之后,小菜蛾对寄主的产卵选择性发生了变化,其在尽可能的躲避杀虫剂后才选择喜好的寄主植物．可见,寄主种类和阿维菌素共同影响小菜蛾的产卵选择行为．     

斑点叉尾趋化因子SCYA126基因及其可变剪接

通过探针杂交筛选斑点叉尾(Ictalurus punctatus)BAC基因组文库,利用引物步移的方法对阳性克隆BAC047 K12进行序列测定,得到2 815 bp的SCYA126基因组序列。序列分析表明,SCYA126基因由2个外显子和1个内含子组成;外显子拼接的序列与SCYA126cDNA序列完全一致,编码92个氨基酸,在N端含有2个相邻的半胱氨酸(CC)和2个不相邻的半胱氨酸,为典型的CC趋化因子亚家族成员;其上游调控序列包含TATA框启动子序列和一些与免疫相关的转录因子结合位点。另外,根据与GenBank接收号为BM029630的EST序列的比较分析,发现SCYA126基因组中的内含子没有被剪接,导致翻译后可能产生N端部分缺失的SCYA126蛋白。在胰脏和肝脏中确认了高表达的包含内含子的mRNA的存在,而且其表达量要明显高于正常剪接的SCYA126mRNA。[中国水产科学,2007,14(1):1-7]     

The life cycle of Henneguya nuesslini Schuberg & Schroder, 1905 (Myxozoa) involves a triactinomyxon-type actinospore

The life cycle of the histozoic myxozoan parasite Henneguya nuesslini was investigated in two salmonid host species. Naive brown trout, Salmo trutta, and brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, were experimentally infected in two trials by triactinomyxon type actinospores from naturally infected Tubifex tubifex. In exposed common carp, Cyprinus carpio, no myxospore production was detected. The parasite formed cysts with mature myxospores in the connective tissue of the fish 102 days post-exposure. The morphology of both actinosporean and myxosporean stages was described by light microscopy and a 1417-bp fragment of the 18S rDNA gene was sequenced. Sequence analysis confirmed the absolute congruence of the two developmental stages and assisted in determining species identity. Host range, tissue specificity and myxospore measurements provided sufficiently distinctive features to confirm species validity and were thus crucial for identification. The triactinomyxon spores had 16 secondary germ cells, unique dimensions, a very opaque sporoplasm matrix and three conspicuously protruding, pyriform polar capsules. This is the first record of a Henneguya sp. life cycle with a triactinomyxon-type actinospore, which suggests a close relationship with the Myxobolus group and a polyphyletic origin of the genus Henneguya.     

我国猪瘟疫苗效力检验的替代方法研究与应用进展

我国兽药典中现行的猪瘟疫苗效力检验方法存在试验成本较高、周期较长、操作较繁琐、重复性较差、敏感性较低等缺点,随着分子生物学与免疫学技术的日臻发展与应用,猪瘟疫苗效力检验的新兴替代检验方法不断发展和完善。论文就我国近年来针对猪瘟疫苗毒种、半成品、成品效力检验的新兴分子生物学和免疫学检测方法的研究与应用进展做一简要综述,旨在为提升我国猪瘟疫苗效力检验水平提供合理的科学依据。