甲胺磷对褐飞虱酯酶时序变化的影响

褐飞虱经甲胺磷处理后 ,酯酶活性首先表现为受到抑制 ,然后上升 ,到达最大值后再下降并停留在一个相对对照较高的水平。在 1次处理的基础上 ,第 3天和第 7天再次处理 ,酯酶的变化进程与 1次处理相同 ,但最后的停留水平均高于 1次处理 ,分别为 1次处理的 1.35倍和 1.63倍左右。敏感性测定同样表明再次处理可以导致敏感性进一步下降 ,第 3天和第 7天再次处理 ,敏感性分别比 1次处理下降了0.35 1、0.696倍。     

Indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aciculosporium take</Emphasis>, a causal agent of witches' broom of bamboo

 Aciculosporium take (Ascomycota; Clavicipitaceae) is a causal agent of witches' broom of bamboo plants. The symptoms of this disease are believed to be induced by plant hormones, particularly auxins. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was identified in cultures of this fungus in an l-tryptophan-supplemented liquid medium. IAA production was confirmed on 30 isolates of A. take from various hosts and locations at levels up to 1 mg/l. The biosynthetic pathway of IAA in A. take culture was examined by analyzing intermediate products and by feeding experiments. The results showed that the indole-3-pyruvic acid pathway (l-tryptophan → indole-3-pyruvic acid → indole acetaldehyde → IAA) was the dominant pathway in A. take. Received: June 3, 2002 / Accepted: July 25, 2002     

黄花蒿粗提物对几种害虫拒食性的初步研究

以黄花镐为原料进行浸提，经生物活性测定，结果表明黄花蒿Artenisia annua L.粗提物对供试的6种害虫均具有拒食性。其中对黑翅土白蚁Odontotermes formosanus Shiraki、赤拟谷盗Thibolium castaneum Herbst、谷蠹Rhizopertha dominica Fabricius拒食性极强，对棉蚜Aphis gossypii Glover、棉红蜘蛛Tetranychus urticae Koch及豇豆荚螟Etiella zinckenella Treitschke 也具有较强的巨食性。使用黄花蒿粗提物时，以稀释500倍和800倍效果最好，处理与对照之间有极显著差异。     

外源绿原酸对苹果抗病相关酶的影响

采用离体培养方法对富士、红星和八棱海棠进行绿原酸处理,研究苹果在外源绿原酸处理下POD、PPO、PAL活性的动态变化以及绿原酸含量的变化。结果表明,富士以0.0001%绿原酸、红星以0.0008%绿原酸、八棱海棠以0.0004%绿原酸处理后,其PAL活性均显著提高,苹果体内也因此而提高了绿原酸水平。     

12-(取代苯氧异丁酰氧亚氨基)-1,15-十五内酯的合成及除草活性

通过取代苯氧异丁酸与12-(羟基亚氨基)十五内酯的反应,合成了取代苯氧异丁酰氧亚氨基十五内酯,并测定了其对苋菜的除草活性。所有化合物均经过1H NMR、13C NMR和元素分析确证。初步的生物活性测定结果表明,目标化合物 Ⅲa~Ⅲd 的EC50值分别为34.570、46.492、55.385、50.114 mg/L,其活性比对照药剂2,4-D(117.325 mg/L)高,而比苯磺隆(22.381 mg/L)低。     

南欧丹参花提取物杀菌活性初步研究

采用系统溶剂对南欧丹参Salvia sclarea L.花进行提取,以孢子萌发试验法、抑制菌丝生长速率法和盆栽试验系统测定了粗提物对植物病原真菌的生物活性。结果表明,石油醚为提取南欧丹参花活性成分的最佳溶剂。石油醚提取物在离体条件下能显著抑制多种供试真菌菌丝的生长,其对番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea的EC50值为77.20 μg/mL;对盆栽小麦白粉病Erysiphe graminis的防护效果为94.94%,治疗效果为84.21%。     

水杨酸和乙烯在烟草抗黑胫病中的作用

5mmol/L水杨酸或1g/L乙烯外源处理可诱导烟草对黑胫病的抗性，推迟植株死亡。不能积累水杨酸的转nahG基因植株和不表现乙烯应答反应的转etr1-1基因植株对黑胫病的抗性显著弱于野生型植株。组成性积累高水平水杨酸的转entC和pmsB基因植株对黑胫病的抗性明显强于野生型植株。这些结果说明水杨酸和乙烯增强烟草对黑胫病的抗性，减缓黑胫病的扩展。0．5mmol/L KCN连续浇灌植株4天或浸溃叶片2，4h均不能恢复转nahG基因植株丧失的对黑胫病的抗病性。此结果进一步支持关于KCN处理不能恢复转nahG基因植株丧失的对真菌病害抗病性的假说。     

苹果中多酚物质及其在果实发育过程中的变化

以秦冠、富士、嘎拉、华冠、华帅、金冠、国光、首红、澳洲青苹等9个品种为试材,对苹果果实发育过程中总酚、绿原酸、黄烷醇、原花色素含量进行了分析。结果表明,苹果果肉中多酚物质的含量和组成在不同品种间存在着较大差异;总酚、绿原酸、黄烷醇和原花色素含量在苹果发育初期迅速下降,其后下降速度逐渐减缓,最后则趋于稳定或稍有下降;在果实发育初期,绿原酸为果肉中主要的多酚物质,而黄烷醇和原花色素仅占很小的比例,但在果实发育过程中绿原酸所占比例逐渐降低,而黄烷醇和原花色素所占比例逐渐上升,成熟时已远远超过绿原酸占总酚含量的比例,成为果实中最主要的一类多酚物质。     

Phylogenetic relationships between rice dwarf phytoreovirus isolates from five countries

Rice dwarf virus isolates were collected from several locations in Japan, the Philippines, China, Nepal and Korea. Genomic dsRNA segment profiles in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis differed among the isolates. There were less differences in the profiles between isolates from Japan and Korea than in those between these two Countries and others. Nucleic acid hybridization was used to examine the extent of genomic variation. Full-length cDNAs to all genomic segments encoding non-structural proteins (S4, S6, S9, S10, S11 and S12) were synthesized from two Japanese isolates, and were used for dot-blot hybridization. Hybridizations using probes generated from the full-length cDNA clones failed to differentiate isolates from different geographical areas. However, cDNA probes covering a variable region of S12 were able to distinguish Japanese and Korean isolates from those of other countries. Phylogenetic tree analysis based on the amino acid sequence of P12 encoded by S12 grouped Japanese and Korean isolates together. The Chinese isolates from two different locations (Yunnan and Fujian) were closely related to each other, and were the most distantly related to Japanese and Korean isolates.     

棉酚和单宁酸对棉铃虫幼虫生长和消化生理的影响

作者利用昆虫人工饲料测试了棉酚和单宁酸对棉铃虫幼虫生长、营养指标以及中肠主要蛋白酶活力的影响。结果表明,棉酚和单宁酸均能显著地抑制幼虫的生长,但二者之间无交互作用,其中单宁酸的作用较棉酚强。含3％棉酚或单宁酸的人工饲料,饲喂4龄幼虫48h后,可引起幼虫近似消化率减小和食物转化率增大,但食物利用率无显著变化。棉酚在离体条件下对类胰蛋白酶和类胰凝乳蛋白酶活力有不同程度的抑制作用,但在活体条件下,上述酶活力无显著变化,仅有中肠总蛋白酶活力下降。单宁酸在离体条件下对类胰蛋白酶有抑制作用,而对类胰凝乳蛋白酶活力无作用:在活体条件下,仅总蛋白酶活力和弱碱性类胰蛋白酶活力显著下降。由此可知,棉酚和单宁酸对棉铃虫的生长抑制作用与幼虫中肠蛋白酶活力和食物消化率的降低有关。