黄粉虫（Tenebrio molitor）产卵量初探

通过单头隔离和群体饲养黄粉虫成虫观察其产卵量的差异。结果表明：在温度22～28℃及45～65％RH室内饲养条件下,黄粉虫雌雄比是1：1．33．黄粉虫产卵多集中在前40天,40天之后产卵量下降明显,在整个产量期内有明显的阶段性。不同饲养条件下黄粉虫产卵量差异较大。在单头饲养过程中发现产卵量最少仅有3枚／头,有的可多达189枚头,平均17．6枚／头,群体饲养条件下产卵量平均182．02枚／头。     

黄粉虫抗菌肽的生物学性质及初步分离纯化

［目的］探索黄粉虫抗菌肽的生物学性质。［方法］通过菌液注射对黄粉虫幼虫进行抗菌肽的诱导,对其热敏感性、反复冻融的稳定性、抑菌活性的适宜pH值及部分抑菌谱进行测定,并对黄粉虫血淋巴抗菌肽进行了初步的分离纯化。［结果］黄粉虫抗菌肽热稳定性好,反复冻融对其活性影响不大,显示出一定的抗酸碱性能,在pH为5时抑菌效果最佳,对测试的6种动物病原细菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,特别是对猪致病性大肠杆菌和猪链球菌,具有较强的抑菌活性。经SephadexG-25凝胶过滤柱层析分离得到3个活性峰,表明黄粉幼虫血淋巴中有多个抗菌活性组分。［结论］该研究为黄粉虫抗菌肽的利用奠定了理论基础。     

黄粉虫幼虫对锌富集作用的探讨

在饲料中添加不同量的硫酸锌喂养黄粉虫(Tenebrio molitor L.)幼虫,测定幼虫的锌含量和体重变化,计算黄粉虫幼虫的特定生长率和幼虫对锌的生物积累系数,分析黄粉虫幼虫对锌的富集作用.结果表明,在硫酸锌含量为100 mg·kg-1时,幼虫体内锌含量最高,干物质含量最高,对锌的积累系数最高,幼虫增重明显优于不添加硫酸锌的对照组;硫酸锌含量过高,幼虫的生长受到抑制.     

不同复合饲料对黄粉虫幼虫生长发育的影响

[目的]研究不同复合饲料对黄粉虫幼虫生长发育的影响,以期为黄粉虫人工饲料配方的筛选提供依据。[方法]配制黄粉虫不同复合饲料,研究不同复合饲料对黄粉虫幼虫生长发育的影响,探索适合黄粉虫幼虫的饲料配方。[结果]黄粉虫人工复合饲料最适配方为95%玉米粉+5%螺旋藻粉配制的饲料配方E,黄粉虫幼虫的体重增长较为明显,其次是95%玉米粉+5%胆固醇配制的复合饲料(配方D)。[结论]该研究结果可为黄粉虫规模化养殖奠定基础。     

福桔果皮精油对黄粉虫成虫的驱避作用和种群抑制作用

用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取福桔果皮精油后采用气相色谱质谱联用法分析出其主要成分是α-柠檬烯。采用滤纸药膜法和饲料拌药法分别研究了福桔果皮精油对黄粉虫成虫的驱避作用和种群抑制作用,研究结果表明：桔果皮精油对黄粉虫成虫有明显的驱避作用和种群抑制作用,驱避作用和种群抑制作用随着剂量的增加而加强。     

黄粉虫对丝羽乌骨鸡的饲养效果研究

[目的]研究昆虫蛋白黄粉虫对丝羽乌骨鸡的饲喂效果。[方法]以黄粉虫成虫、幼虫和虫粪为主要饲料添加剂,替代鱼粉,探讨其对丝羽乌骨鸡的日增重、日采食量、料肉比、腹泻率、死亡率和粗蛋白消化率的影响。[结果]6~13和3~13周龄,在饲料中添加黄粉虫成虫、幼虫、虫粪后,丝羽乌骨鸡的日增重和日采食量均有明显提高;在饲料中添加黄粉虫虫粪后,丝羽乌骨鸡料肉比有明显改善。[结论]黄粉虫可替代鱼粉,用作饲料添加剂。     

苯氧威对黄粉虫体液免疫功能的影响

[目的]研究保幼激素类似物苯氧威对仓储害虫黄粉虫体液免疫功能的影响。[方法]配制3种不同浓度苯氧威,采用点滴法处理黄粉虫,在大肠杆菌刺激前后测定黄粉虫血淋巴中酚氧化酶、溶菌酶活性和抗菌活力变化。[结果]当使用E.coli DH5α刺激后,与对照组相比,处理组酚氧化酶、溶菌酶活性及抗菌能力均明显降低。[结论]苯氧威对仓储害虫黄粉虫体液免疫功能具有明显的抑制作用,能有效控制黄粉虫的危害。     

硒对黄粉虫谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性的影响

为探讨亚硒酸钠对黄粉虫幼虫血淋巴谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—PX）活性的影响,将黄粉虫的中龄幼虫随机分成6组,饲喂含不同浓度的亚硒酸钠饲料。采用DTNB比色法测定GSH—PX活性。结果显示,饲喂含亚硒酸钠的饲料后黄粉虫幼虫血淋巴GSH—PX活力都明显上升：饲喂同一浓度的亚硒酸钠,幼虫血淋巴GSH—PX活力均比对照组高,只有加硒浓度为20mg／kg．80mg／kg在第16d时,黄粉虫血淋巴GSH—PX活力随着饲喂时间的延长而显著上升;饲喂不同浓度的亚硒酸钠,在硒浓度为5mg／kg、10mg／kg时,黄粉虫血淋巴GSH-PX活力随亚硒酸钠浓度的增加显著上升,在硒浓度为20mg／kg时开始下降。     

The Effect of Chemical Composition and Bioactivity of Several Essential Oils on Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

The major chemical components of four essential oils (EOs) extracted from dry leaves of Citrus limonum, Cymbopogon citratus, Litsea cubeba, and Muristica fragrans were analyzed with gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer and their fumigant, contact, and repellent activities against 10th instar and adults of Tenebrio molitor were also assayed. The results indicated that the major constituents of C. limonum and Cy. citrates were D-limonene (38.22%) and 3,7-dimethyl-6-octenal (26.21%), while which of L. cubeba and M. fragrans were (E)-3, 7-dimethyl-2, 6-octadienal (49.78%) and (E)-cinnamaldehyde (79.31%), respectively. Contact activities of L. cubeba and C. limonum with LC₅₀ values of 21.2 and 13.9 µg/cm² at 48 h and repellence activities (>89.0% repellence indexes) (P < 0.05) at 12 h on 10th instar were better than those of the other two EOs. Nevertheless, the fumigation activities of L. cubeba on 10th instar and adults (LC₅₀ = 2.7, 3.7 μl/liter) were stronger than those of C. limonum (LC₅₀ = 10.9, 12.0 μl/liter) at 96 h and significant (not overlapping confidence intervals). The EOs of L. cubeba and C. limonum have clearly elongated the growth and development of larvae, egg, and slightly shorten pupae and adults of T. molitor compared with the control. The mainly active ingredients of L. cubeba and C. limonum, including D-limonene and β-pinene, were demonstrated to coinhibit the actives of AChE and enhance the toxicities on 10th instar of T. molitor. These results indicate that the EOs of L. cubeba and C. limonum could have great potential as botanical insecticides against T. molitor.     

Bacterial Expression and Purification of an Active ω-Atracotoxin-Ar1b from Spider Atrax robustus

The ω-atracotoxin-Ar1b toxin(ω-ACTX-Ar1b)is one of the arthropod-selective peptide neurotoxins from the venom of Australian funnel-web spider Atrax robustus.The gene of Ar1b was synthesized and cloned into pET-32a(+)vector to allow expression of Ar1b as a fusion protein with thioredoxin and the His-tag(rTrx-Ar1b)in E.coli BL21(DE3).The optimal condition for inducing the expression of rTrx-Ar1b was 1.0 mmol L-1 IPTG for 6 h at 28℃.The fusion protein rTrx-Ar1b was expressed in soluble form and was purified effectively by His Trap HP affinity column and rpHLPC and a final yield of purified rTrx-Ar1b was 95 mg from 1000 mL E.coli culture.The LD50 values for Mythimna separate and Tenebrio molitor were 111.66 and 11.04 μg g-1 determined by injection of the purified rTrx-Ar1b.The results indicated that the recombinant Ar1b protein was successfully expressed in E.coli and it was high toxicity against tested insects.