雾滴图像粘连特征改进判断及分离计数方法优化

雾滴在靶标上常出现粘连的情况，为准确测量雾滴尺寸、掌握雾滴分布规律，需要判断雾滴是否粘连，并用图像处理技术将粘连雾滴分开。首先提出判断雾滴是否粘连的改进方法，该方法结合雾滴的形状因子和面积阈值对粘连雾滴进行判断和特征提取，并用极限腐蚀法和迭代开运算法对粘连雾滴进行计数处理，其次调用迭代开运算标记的分水岭算法分割，最后对分割后雾滴的连通域进行标记及形状圆整。试验结果表明：该方法可实现粘连雾滴的自动判断和特征提取，弱粘连准确率100%，强粘连可达97.2%以上。该算法获得的雾滴粒径参数与激光粒度仪试验测量结果接近，其尺寸测量准确度较Deposit Scan软件计算平均提高了7.67%。基于相同的样本，与人工计数标定结果对比表明，该方法获得的雾滴个数快速且精准度达97.06%以上。     

热水法提取香菇多糖和茶树菇多糖研究

真菌多糖具有降血糖、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗病毒和免疫调节等多种生理功能,且对机体毒副作用小,具有广阔的开发前景。以营养价值和药用价值均较高的香菇(Lentinus edodes)、茶树菇(Agrocybe aegirit)为原料,用热水提取法在90℃、料液比1∶20(g∶m L)、提取1次、4 h的条件下,提取两种真菌多糖。结果表明,热水法提取香菇多糖的得率为9.70%,茶树菇多糖的得率为13.10%,说明茶树菇中的多糖含量高于香菇。该研究可为后续开发利用真菌多糖提供重要依据。     

海参皂苷的分离提取与生物活性

海参具有较高的营养价值和药用价值.海参皂苷具有抗肿瘤,抗菌等多种生物活性,具有重大的应用价值和广阔的应用前景.本文对海参皂苷的提取、分离纯化、分析方法及生物活性进行初步的介绍.     

Water and nitrogen interaction on soil profile water extraction and ET in maize-wheat cropping system

In the present study, water and nitrogen interaction on soil profile water extraction and evapo-transpiration (ET) was investigated taking a field experiment on a clay loam soil (Typic Haplustept) at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi with four consecutive crops (maize-wheat-maize-wheat) taken from July 2002 to April 2004. Three levels of water regime, namely W1, W2 and W3 referring to limited, medium and maximum irrigation were applied to each crop depending on the seasonal rainfall and the critical crop growth stage. The three water regimes were used with five nitrogen levels from T1 to T5, (T1, 0% N; T2, 75% N; T3, 100% N; T4, 150% N; T5, 100% N from organic source) in a split plot design for the four crops grown in sequence.Significant water and nitrogen interaction was observed for ET and soil profile water extraction pattern. Averaged across nitrogen treatments, ET in W2 and W3 were higher by 17 and 26%, respectively than W1 in maize 2002 and by 12 and 19% in maize 2003. In case of wheat, ET in W2 and W3 were higher by 27 and 58% than W1 in 1st crop and by 37 and 70% in 2nd crop. The effect of nitrogen regime, however, was prominent in both crops of maize and wheat, with significantly higher profile soil moisture depletion in T4 of each water regime. In all cases, lowest water depletion was observed in control plots receiving 0% N.In both crops, water extraction from surface 60 cm was highest in W3 followed by W2 and W1. In maize, the % extraction from 0 to 60 cm layer varied from 71 to 76% (W1), 70-79% (W2) and 75-82% (W3), whereas the values for wheat were 70-77, 72-79 and 75-83% for W1, W2 and W3, respectively. The 90-120 cm layer contributed only 3-14% to total water extraction in both the crops. From 90 to 120 cm layer, higher extraction was observed in W1 as compared to W3. The extraction values in W1, W2 and W3 in maize were 9-13, 7-14 and 3-9, respectively, whereas the corresponding values in wheat were 8-14, 5-12 and 3-7% for the three water regimes. Effect of nitrogen treatments on water extraction from deeper layer was observed with higher extraction in highest fertilized treatment (T4) as compared to other treatments.     

Protein extraction from defatted wheat germ by reverse micelles: Optimization of the forward extraction

In this work, the forward extraction of defatted wheat germ protein (DWGP) by reverse micelles was studied. The reverse micellar systems were formed by sulphosuccinic acid bis (2-ethylhexyl) ester sodium salt (AOT), isooctane and KCl solution. The effects of AOT concentration, pH, KCl concentration, extraction time, the amounts of defatted wheat germ flour (DWGF), W₀ (the molar ratio of water to surfactant, i.e. W₀ = [H₂O]/[AOT]) and temperature on the forward extraction efficiency of DWGP were tested. On the basis of single-factor experiments, the optimum extraction was achieved by response surface methodology (RSM). The experimental results lead to the conclusion that the highest forward extraction efficiency of DWGP was reached at the AOT concentration 0.06 g/mL, pH 8, KCl concentration 0.1 mol/L, time 30 min, the amounts of DWGF 0.500 g, W₀ 25 and temperature 36 °C. Under these conditions, the forward extraction efficiency of DWGP achieved 37%.     

猴头菌提取物对大鼠胃粘膜损伤保护作用的研究

用三种不同主式得到的猴头菌提取物(猴头菌子实体粗多糖、猴头菌菌丝体粗多糖、猴头菌菌丝体全提物)对乙醇致大鼠胃粘膜损伤的治疗作用进行研究。结果表明,当以等原生药量计时,子实休机多糖疗效最明显,菌丝体全提物次之,菌丝体粗多糖较差,溃疡抑制率分别达70.8％、51.4％和41.5％;当以等多糖含量计时,则三个样品的疗效接近,溃疡抑制率达到60％左右。这进一步证实猴头菌多糖是猴头菌保护大鼠胃粘膜的主要活性物质。     

锦鲤保护性组织RNA提取及引物扩增研究

从养殖锦鲤各种组织中提取完整的RNA, 是分子生物学研究锦鲤应激表达、体色变异、生长发育等功能基因表达的关键实验。在不伤害养殖锦鲤个体健康的情况下, 取用鱼体的鳍条、鳞片、鳃丝、血液4种保护性组织,可以最大程度地减少对珍贵锦鲤个体的损伤, 并达到研究相关基因表达的目的。本研究利用TR izo l法提取RNA, 获得的各样品RNA条带完整、纯度高。结果表明, 4 种保护性组织提取的RNA 经过逆转录反应, 得到了高质量的CDNA。内标基因( B- actin)、热激蛋白基因( hsp70)、金属硫蛋白基因(MT)扩增得到清晰的条带, 通过NCB I数据上的BLAST比对证明, 各序列的同源性在95%以上。利用本研究的方法, 可以充分保护养殖锦鲤个体的完好性, 用于进一步的分子生物学研究。     

超临界CO_2提取茶叶中咖啡碱

用超临界萃取技术分离提取茶叶中的咖啡碱，再用CH2Cl2萃取分离，得到纯度为95．16％的咖啡碱，萃取率和得率分别为16．85％、0．55％。试验结果还表明，在一定条件下，利用超临界萃取技术能够有效地分离茶多酚和咖啡碱。     

槟榔叶片总蛋白质提取及双向电泳条件初探

采用3种提取植物组织蛋白的方法(TCA/丙酮沉淀法、E-TCA法、酚法)提取槟榔叶片总蛋白,在蛋白产量,一维和二维电泳图谱等方面对3种方法的提取效果进行比较.结果表明,TCA/丙酮沉淀法效果较好,是槟榔叶片总蛋白提取的可选方法,同时优化了双向电泳的条件和上样量.     

刺槐叶蛋白提取工艺条件的初步研究

对配合使用酸法、碱法以及加热法提取刺槐叶蛋白的工艺及其工艺条件进行了研究．结果表明，刺槐叶蛋白的提取条件为：常温下料液比为１∶５，ｐＨ值为７；刺槐叶蛋白的分离条件为：温度为６０℃时，沉淀分离得到叶绿体蛋白，调节ｐＨ值为１０时分离出细胞质叶蛋白Ｉ，调节ｐＨ值为２时分离出细胞质叶蛋白质Ｉ；刺槐叶蛋白产品的干燥条件为：５０～７０℃条件下真空干燥．采用此工艺提取刺槐叶蛋白得率为４．７％，提取物中蛋白质含量为５０％～８０％，原料总氮提取率为７５．９％．