酸性条件下Al3+对苜蓿根瘤菌溶磷和分泌生长素能力的影响

采用溶磷圈和Salkowski比色法,对酸性条件下铝对耐酸性能极优的两种根瘤菌溶磷和分泌生长素能力的影响进行了研究.结果表明,两种根瘤菌都具有较强的溶磷和分泌生长素的能力,且溶解无机磷的能力更强.在铝毒胁迫下,两菌株均表现出了一定的耐受性,随着铝离子浓度的增加,铝对溶磷和分泌生长素的能力抑制作用增强,相同条件下,菌株S...     

Rapid identification and discrimination among Egyptian genotypes of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae and Sinorhizobium meliloti nodulating faba bean (Vicia faba L.) by analysis of nodC, ARDRA, and rDNA sequence analysis

Twenty-eight Rhizobium strains were isolated from the root nodules of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) collected from 11 governorates in Egypt. A majority of these strains (57%) were identified as Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae (Rlv) based on analysis of a nodC gene fragment amplified using specific primers for these faba bean symbionts. The strains were characterized using a polyphasic approach, including nodulation pattern, tolerance to environmental stresses, and genetic diversity based on amplified ribosomal DNA-restriction analysis (ARDRA) of both 16S and 23S rDNA. Analysis of tolerance to environmental stresses revealed that some of these strains can survive in the presence of 1% NaCl and a majority of them survived well at 37 °C. ARDRA indicated that the strains could be divided into six 16S rDNA genotypes and five 23S rDNA genotypes. Sequence analysis of 16S rDNA indicated that 57% were Rlv, two strains were Rhizobium etli, one strain was taxonomically related to Rhizobium rubi, and a group of strains were most closely related to Sinorhizobium meliloti. Results of these studies indicate that genetically diverse rhizobial strains are capable of forming N₂-fixing symbiotic associations with faba bean and PCR done using nodC primers allows for the rapid identification of V. faba symbionts.     

Intragenomic variation in the internal transcribed spacer regions between 16S–23S rRNA genes among the three copies of Sinorhizobium fredii strains

The soybean-nodulating Sinorhizobium fredii strain has been reported to possess three copies of rRNA gene operons. In the present study, we investigated the diversity of the 16S–23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of S. fredii strains. Based on the sequences of the ITS regions, we divided the sequences of the S.   fredii strains into two groups, type A and type B. A dot-matrix analysis indicated that the region flanked by tRNA-Ile and tRNA-Ala is longer in type A than in type B, whereas type B sequences possess longer regions upstream of tRNA-Ile and downstream of tRNA-Ala than those of the type A sequence. Restriction fragment length polymorphism of polymerase chain reaction product (PCR-RFLP) of the ITS region in the cloned plasmids as templates could reconstruct the PCR-RFLP pattern from the total DNA as a template. The results of Southern hybridization using the insert sequence between tRNA-Ile and tRNA-Ala in type A as a probe indicated differences in the copy numbers of the type A ITS regions among the strains tested. These results indicated that S. fredii strains possess the type A and type B sequences of the ITS regions at ratios of 3:0, 2:1, 1:2 or 0:3. These S. fredii strains may be useful biological materials for the study of intraspecific variations.     

Partitioning of above and below ground costs during phosphate stress in Medicago truncatula

Phosphate (P) availability for plant uptake can limit the yield of natural and agricultural systems. Under P limited conditions, the P-requirement of symbiotic nodules of legumes may exacerbate the P stress of host plants. Adaptations to survive under P stress may vary between different functioning tissues. This study investigated the physiological adaptations to P stress in above and below ground organs of nodulated Medicago truncatula Gaertner. Seedlings were inoculated with Sinorhizobium meliloti in quartz sand and fed nutrient solution with either 0.01?mM or 0.5?mM P concentrations. P-stressed nodulated plants showed compromised photosynthetic responses. Alternative growth allocation during stressed conditions was observed between different organs. The concentration of inorganic P, carbon, and nitrogen were lower during stressed conditions. The above ground tissues scavenged P and lowered their dependence on adenosine-triphosphate required for metabolism. Whereas the below ground tissues recycled phosphate from phosphate monoesters in the cell.     

Evaluation of Rhizobium mdiloti Strains Isolated from Indigenous Populations in Northern Greece

Eight different Rhizobium meliloti strains (designated as strains 3, 6, 8, 15, 17, 18, 19 and 22) were isolated from fields cultivated with alfalfa. The growth characteristics of the isolated strains under different NaCl concentrations were investigated. Strains 15 and 22 showed marked tolerance to high NaCl concentration.
Symbiosis of one alfalfa variety ( Medicago sativa cv. Ipati ) inoculated with these strains showed marked differences in nitrogen fixing characteristics (nodule number, dry weight and total nitrogen content). Strains 8, 15 and 22 demonstrated the best performance with respect to all characteristics examined.
The supply of low levels of nitrate to inoculated alfalfa plants affected all the nitrogen fixing characteristics. Nodule number per plant decreased and the ranking of the different strains with respect to nodule number was altered. Dry weight was significantly increased by the supply of the nitrate, even in the case of symbioses with the highly effective strains 8, 15 and 22. Total nitrogen content was increased by the supply of nitrate. This increase was higher in plants inoculated with the less effective strains.     

六株耐酸苜蓿根瘤菌的筛选及生长特性研究

为获得能够使紫花苜蓿在酸性土壤中高效结瘤的耐酸根瘤菌,该研究从酸性土（pH5.2）上生长的紫花苜蓿根瘤中分离到若干菌株,利用根瘤菌对酸的适应性耐受反应筛选到六株能够在pH4.8的固体培养基上稳定生长的菌株,并检测了这六株菌的结瘤特征、不同酸度下的生长曲线和平均代时。结果表明,六株根瘤菌均能使紫花苜蓿植株结瘤,使其具有较多的结瘤数（≥10个/株）和较高的结瘤率（66.67%~100%）;不同酸度下,六株根瘤菌呈现不同的生长特性,酸显著降低根瘤菌的生长速率,使其生长延滞期增长,对数生长期出现滞后,稳定期到达延迟,酸性条件下各根瘤菌的平均代时均较中性条件下的长,环境pH越低,菌株平均代时越长。然而,在低pH条件下,耐酸根瘤菌在其耐受酸度范围内经过延长的延滞期后仍然能够较快地生长     

根瘤菌TtsI突变体构建及结瘤表型鉴定

本论文以中华根瘤菌HH103 III型分泌系统调控因子TtsI为研究对象，采用三亲杂交的方法获得突变体 HH103ΩTtsI，并用 PCR 鉴定。III型效应因子表达分析表明，在染料木苷存在的情况下，TtsI突变能够抑制 NopAA、 NopD、NopL和 NopP等效应因子基因的转录和表达。当 TtsI突变情况下，能够显著抑制根瘤菌 HH103 III型效应因 子的合成。用TtsI突变体和野生型根瘤菌HH103对来自不同生态区的10份种质资源进行结瘤鉴定，结果显示，TtsI 突变后能够显著减少根瘤平均数和根瘤干重。导入系群体结瘤鉴定结果显示，TtsI突变体显著减少导入系平均瘤 数。说明 TtsI在大豆-根瘤菌共生体系建立过程中发挥重要的作用，这种作用的发挥有可能是依赖于调控其他 III 型效应因子的表达。     

费氏中华根瘤菌菌株HH103研究概述

大豆既可以与快生型根瘤菌又可以与慢生型根瘤菌共生固氮。在以往的研究中,已有很多从不同地区的大豆根部分离出来的快生型根瘤菌,这些快生型根瘤菌大多数属于费氏中华根瘤菌属。模式菌株费氏中华根瘤菌菌株HH103现被用于基因序列的研究。该研究从根瘤和根瘤菌的分类依据和主要类型入手,介绍了HH103的主要研究现状,并且讨论其研究方向。     

采用PCR-RFLP技术对费氏中华根瘤菌的遗传多样性研究

 用西方大豆品种 Willimas和中国大豆品种黑龙 3 3从河南郑州花园口和山东潍坊多年种植大豆但未接种根瘤菌的土壤中捕集土著大豆根瘤菌。从分离株中选出 5 0株费氏中华根瘤菌 ( Sinorhizobium fredii)进行 16S r DNA和 16S- 2 3 Sr DNA IGS的 PCR- RFL P比较分析结果表明 :全部供试菌株的 16Sr DNA的 PCR产物均为一条 1.5 kb的扩增带 ,16S- 2 3 Sr DNA IGS的 PCR产物也为一条 2 .1kb的带。用 H inf 、Msp 、H ae 3种四碱基识别序列的限制酶作 RFL P分析结果表明 :供试菌的 16S r DNA酶切分析均产生相同的电泳谱带 ,表现为相同的 16S r DNA基因型 ;但其 16S- 2 3 S r DNA IGS的 RFL P分析却有较明显的差异 ,通过对酶切谱带的聚类分析 ,自动生成的树状图谱将供试菌分为 6个聚类群     

费氏中华根瘤菌共生质粒缺失对结瘤和固氮能力的影响

费氏中华根瘤菌（Sinorhizobium fredii)HN01在大豆上的结瘤表现为非品种专一性，其共生质粒pSymHN01b在诱动转入另一非品种专一性结瘤菌株WWG18SR后，获得的转移接合子WWG18SRN1中的pSymHN01b缺失约40b。盆栽结瘤试验证明，pSymHN01b的缺失导致WWG18SRN1由非品种结瘤菌株转变为大豆品种专一性结瘤菌株，并失去了在所有供试的大豆品种上固氮的能力。在获得了完整的pSymHN01b的转移接合子WWG18SRN2存在时，WWG18SRN1在黑农33上的结瘤受到抑制。