急、慢性冷应激对雏鸡腓肠肌及血清抗氧化功能的影响

【目的】探讨自由基在冷应激对禽类机体损伤中所起的作用,为探索促进动物冷适应的方法,提高动物的抗寒能力提供一定的理论依据;【方法】应用化学比色法检测了急、慢性冷应激对腓肠肌和血清中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响;【结果】急性应激时,随应激时间的延长,腓肠肌T-AOC与SOD活性均逐渐降低,GSH-Px活性、CAT活性及MDA含量均逐渐升高,血清T-AOC逐渐降低,GSH-Px活性、CAT活性、SOD活性及MDA含量均逐渐升高;慢性应激时,随应激时间的延长,腓肠肌T-AOC、GSH-Px活性、CAT活性及SOD活性均逐渐升高,MDA含量逐渐降低,血清T-AOC、GSH-Px活性、CAT活性及MDA含量均逐渐升高,SOD活性逐渐降低;【结论】表明急、慢性冷应激均可使机体的抗氧化功能发生改变,诱发氧化胁迫,导致机体内自由基增多,对机体造成损伤。     

一种新的厌氧污泥比活性试验测定法

本文介绍了一种以医用血清瓶作发酵瓶、用医用注射器来量测所产沼气的厌氧污泥比活性试验测定法。实践表明此法简单实用、快速准确。     

微生物发酵豆粕对断奶仔猪生长、血清指标及肠道形态的影响

本文旨在研究微生物发酵豆粕对仔猪生长及血清指标的影响,并且根据肠道组织形态学的微观变化,评价了不同处理的豆粕对早期断奶仔猪肠道形态的影响.选用60头35日龄断奶体重为(8.62±0.21)kg的同窝杜×长×大仔猪,分为试验组和对照组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头,分别饲喂以普通豆粕为对照组,微生物发酵豆粕为试验组的日粮.试验结果表明:饲喂微生物发酵豆粕使仔猪料重比降低8.39%(P＜0.05),腹泻指数降低39.96%(P＜0.01),血清尿素氮含量降低39.47%(P＜0.01),血清IgG含量降低6.35%(P＜0.05).豆粕经微生物发酵后减轻饲粮中大豆蛋白对肠道的过敏损伤,使肠道维持良好的结构形态,从而促进营养物质的消化吸收.     

The Effect of Levothyroxine Treatment on Resting Energy Expenditure of Hypothyroid Dogs

Thirty adult, client-owned dogs were diagnosed with hypothyroidism based on history, physical examination findings, hematologic and biochemical abnormalities, thyrotropin (TSH) response testing, endogenous canine thyrotropin (cTSH) concentration, or both, and total serum thryoxine concentration. All dogs received levothyroxine (L-thyroxine) at an initial dose of 22 μg/kg PO sid in either a tablet (13 dogs) or chewable form (17 dogs). Energy expenditure of each dog during apparent rest was estimated with an open-flow indirect calorimetry system by determining the rates of carbon dioxide production and oxygen consumption. Energy expenditure of apparent rest (EE) was lower in untreated hypothyroid dogs compared with reference values for EE. After treatment with L-thyroxine, EE of the hypothyroid dogs was significantly ( P < .05) higher than pretreatment values.     

间接ELISA法对禽霍乱抗体的动态监测

将40只50日龄健康禽霍乱非免疫鸡随机分为四组，每组10只。用禽霍乱蜂胶佐剂灭活疫苗对各组鸡进行不同水平的免疫，同时设非免疫对照组。各组鸡间隔5-7天采血，以间接ELISA法测定血清P／N值，并确定临界值。将P／N值在2.1-4.7的13只试验鸡以一个最小致死量（相当于10个菌／ml）进行攻毒试验，同时设攻毒对照，在1周内3只对照鸡均表现感染发病并死亡，而试验鸡均健活，从而初步证明所确定的临界值是合理的。     

Influence of Disease Process and Duration on Acute Phase Proteins in Serum and Peritoneal Fluid of Horses with Colic

Background

The acute phase proteins (APP) serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin, and fibrinogen are valuable blood biomarkers in equine inflammatory diseases, but knowledge of factors influencing their concentrations in blood and peritoneal fluid (PF) of horses with colic is needed.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of demographics (age, sex, breed), disease process (simple obstruction, strangulating obstruction, inflammatory), disease location, disease duration, hypovolemia, and admission hospital on concentrations of APP, lactate and white blood cell counts (WBC) in horses with colic admitted to 2 referral hospitals.

Animals

The study included 367 horses with colic admitted at 2 referral hospitals.

Methods

Prospective multicenter observational study of clinical data, as well as blood and PF biomarkers. Associations between biomarker concentrations and clinical variables were analyzed using multivariate linear regression analysis.

Results

Increasing pre‐admission duration of colic was associated with increased concentrations of APP in blood and PF. Blood concentrations of SAA and fibrinogen were associated with disease process (inflammatory, strangulations, simple obstructions) in more colic duration groups (5–12 and >24 hours) than any of the other biomarkers. No relevant associations between demographic factors, hospital, or hydration status and the measured biomarkers were found.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

In horses with colic, concentrations of APP are associated mainly with disease process and duration of colic and may thus be used for assessment of disease independently of demographic or geographic factors. Serum amyloid A may be a diagnostic marker for use in colic differential diagnosis, but further evaluation is needed.     

有机铬对热应激蛋鸡血清生化指标的影响

目的,研究有机铬对热应激蛋鸡血清中某些生化指标的影响。方法,将处于热应激条件下的192只35周龄新罗曼褐壳蛋鸡随机分为6组,分别饲喂不添加铬的玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮和添加10、20、40及50mg/kg铬的试验饲粮49d结果:试验组中血糖、胆固醇、总蛋白、球蛋白平均含量均低于对照组,并且添加20mg/kg铬组的血糖、胆固醇、白蛋白含量与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。对于AKP活性,添加40mg/kg铬组与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05),其它各组间相比均为差异不显著(P>0.05)。对于尿酸含量,添加50mg/kg铬组与对照组相比为差异显著。结论:有机铬具有缓解热应激的作用。     

硒源和硒水平对种公羊血清和精清抗氧化能力的影响

为研究硒源和硒水平对血清和精清抗氧化酶活性的影响,选择年龄、体重相近、健康的黎城大青羊成年种公羊42只,随机分为7组。分别喂以基础日粮、基础日粮+0.5、1.0、2.0mg·kg-1 DM的酵母硒;基础日粮+0.5、1.0、2.0mg·kg-1 DM的亚硒酸钠,饲喂期60d,试验第60d采集血液和精液样品,测定其抗氧化能力。结果显示,日粮添加硒极显著提高种公羊血清GPxs活性、血清和精清T-AOC含量,显著提高血清、精清SOD和精清GPxs活性;极显著降低血清、显著降低精清中OH-的含量,改善机体的抗氧化能力。硒水平与血清和精清中GPxs、SOD活性、T-AOC和OH-的含量有剂量——效应关系。与1.0mg·kg-1组和0.5mg·kg-1组相比,2.0mg·kg-1组血清、精清中OH-的含量升高,血清GPxs活性下降,精清SOD活性和T-AOC含量下降;日粮硒浓度相同时,其血清GPxs活性高于精清4~10倍,而精清SOD活性高于血清约20倍。成年种公羊日粮中硒的适宜添加量为0.5~1.0mg·kg-1酵母硒或0.5mg·kg-1亚硒酸钠。血清和精清中抗氧化系统存在差异。     

仔猪血清运铁蛋白多态性及其与生产性能的相关性分析

[目的]探讨仔猪血清运铁蛋白多态性与生产性能的相关性。[方法]采用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对60头仔猪血清运铁蛋白多态性进行了研究,并对血清运铁蛋白多态性与生产性能进行了相关性分析。[结果]被检仔猪血清运铁蛋白有2种基因型（Tf^AB和Tf^88）,以TfBB为优势基因型,基因型频率分别为0．3333和0．6667;TfA和Tf^B等位基因频率分别为0．1667和0．8333,以’畔为优势基因。仔猪血清运铁蛋白多态性与生产性能间无显著相关（P〉0．05）。[结论]仔猪血清运铁蛋白存在多态性,且血清蛋白多态性与生产性能间无显著相关。     

Effects of dietary supplementation with Allium mongolicum Regel extracts on growth performance,serum metabolites,immune responses,antioxidant status,and meat quality of lambs

The present study was to evaluate the effects of dried Allium mongolicum Regel (AMR) powder and its water- and fat-soluble extracts (AWE and AFE) on the growth performance, serum metabolites, immune responses, antioxidant status, and meat quality of lambs. A total of 32 male small-tailed Han lambs (5 months old; initial body weight = 34.8 ± 0.40 kg) were used in a 60-d feeding experiment after a 15-d adaptation period. The lambs were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8) and fed a basal diet (control, CON group), the basal diet supplemented with dried AMR powder at 10 g/d per lamb (AMR group), the basal diet supplemented with AWE at 3.4 g/d per lamb (AWE group), or the basal diet supplemented with AFE at 2.8 g/d per lamb (AFE group). Blood samples were collected on d 0, 30, and 60 in the feeding experiment (n = 8). At the end of the experiment, the lambs were sacrificed and the longissimus dorsi muscles collected. Growth performance was not significantly affected by dietary supplementation of AMR, AWE and AFE (P > 0.05). However, significantly lower albumin (P = 0.006), total protein (P = 0.006), globin (P = 0.025), and blood urea nitrogen (P = 0.024) concentrations were observed in AFE group relative to CON and AMR groups. Similarly, a significantly lower lactate dehydrogenase activity (P = 0.018) was observed in AFE group relative to AWE group, but not in other groups (P > 0.05). In addition, significantly increasing trends in glutathione peroxidase (P = 0.06) in AMR, AWE, and AFE groups were observed relative to the control group. Furthermore, significantly lower drip loss (P = 0.011) across the treatment groups and cooking loss (P = 0.048) were observed in the AMR group relative to the control group. Taken together, these results indicate that AMR and its extracts had no significant effect on lamb growth performance, antioxidant status, and immune responses, but could significantly improve meat quality without the occurrence of pathological kidney and liver lesions.