硒对STZ诱发糖尿病大鼠骨密度影响的研究初报

比较了在低硒饲料的基础上补充不同形态硒对糖尿病大鼠骨密度的影响。健康SD大鼠 1 2 8只 ,体重 50～ 60 g,随机分为 4组 ,每组 32只 ,雌雄各半 ,其中Ⅰ组为低硒对照组 (饲料含硒量 0 0 37mg/kg) ;Ⅱ组为补充亚硒酸钠组 (饲料含硒量 0 3mg/kg) ;Ⅲ组为补充富硒麦芽组(饲料含硒量 0 3mg/kg) ;Ⅳ组为补充富硒酵母组 (饲料含硒量 0 3mg/kg)。Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的饲料均是在Ⅰ组低硒饲料的基础上分别添加适量的亚硒酸钠、富硒麦芽、富硒酵母后配制而成。喂饲 5周后 ,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组用链脲佐菌素 (streptozotocin ,STZ)按 60mg/kg腹腔注射诱发糖尿病 ,继续饲喂 6周。用单光子吸收法测定各组大鼠的肱骨、股骨、胫骨、桡骨的骨密度。结果表明 :①STZ致糖尿病大鼠的骨密度随时间的延长有逐渐下降的趋势。Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ补硒组大鼠可以在一定时间内延缓STZ致糖尿病大鼠的骨密度下降。在此期间骨密度的下降以肱骨出现最早 ,股骨次之 ,桡骨、胫骨再次之。②饲料补硒组糖尿病大鼠的肱骨、股骨中硒的含量较饲料低硒组糖尿病大鼠的肱骨、股骨中硒的含量显著提高。③补充硒的形态 ,即有机硒 (富硒麦芽、富硒酵母 )或无机硒 (亚硒酸钠 )对糖尿病大鼠肱骨、股骨、胫骨、桡骨的骨密度影响差异不显著。     

Flow-cytometric Studies of the Phagocytic Capacities of Equine Neutrophils

Methodological aspects of flow-cytometric evaluation of the phagocytic properties of equine neutrophils were elucidated. The kinetics of attachment and ingestion were studied, and the phagocytic process was more rapidly completed when serum-opsonized yeast cells were used than with use of IgG-opsonized yeast cells. Trypan blue was successfully used to quench fluorescence of non-ingested yeast cells. There were only minor differences in the kinetics of phagocytosis between quenched and un-quenched samples, indicating that attachment is rapidly followed by ingestion. Trypan blue quenching caused loss of cells with light scattering properties of granulocytes, although this did not affect the determined frequencies of truly phagocytic neutrophils. Aggregation of yeast cells proved to be a disturbance but not an obstacle to the determination of frequencies of actively phagocytic cells. Flow cytometry is well suited for studies of phagocytosis of yeast cells by equine neutrophils, and the trypan blue quenching provides a means of eliminating false-positive events due to aggregation of yeast cells. The main advantage of the flow-cytometric method is the possibility of rapid processing of a large number of samples, making the method useful for studies of herds.     

酸水解对提高橘小实蝇蛋白饵剂中总游离糖含量的影响

为了提高蛋白饵剂中总游离糖的含量,采用酸水解的方法,通过单因素试验和正交试验对糖类水解酸浓度、水解温度和水解时间3个影响因素进行分析.在本试验范围内,最佳水解条件为酸(盐酸)浓度2.5 mol/L,温度为95℃,时间为3h.水解酸(盐酸)浓度对糖类的水解影响最显著,其次是水解温度,水解时间影响最小.     

用饲料酵母替代鱼粉对大菱鲆幼鱼生长及免疫机能的影响

分别用质量分数为0、15%、30%、45%、60%的饲料酵母替代饲料中0、17%、34%、51%、68%的鱼粉,配制成5种等氮、等能的试验饲料,分别记为Ⅰ（对照组）、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组。将195尾大菱鲆Scophthatmus maximus（9.02 g±0.15 g）随机分为5组,每组设3个重复,每个重复组放养13尾鱼。将试验鱼饲养于设有循环流水系统的水族箱（60 cm×40 cm×50 cm）中,用5种饲料投喂,每天投喂3次,投饲率为鱼体质量的3%～4%,以生长及免疫指标来评价饲料酵母替代鱼粉对大菱鲆幼鱼生长的影响。经过56 d的饲养,结果表明：Ⅱ组的增重率（275.30%）和特定生长率（1.91%/d）最高,但与对照组（235.66%、1.82%/d）无显著差异（P〉0.05）;Ⅱ组的饲料系数（1.34）最低,但与对照组（1.53）无显著差异（P〉0.05）;Ⅱ组（97.44%）和Ⅳ组（94.87%）的成活率均显著高于对照组（84.62%）（P〈0.05）,而Ⅴ组的成活率（74.36%）则显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）;鱼体的粗蛋白含量随着饲料酵母替代比例的增加而逐渐降低（P〈0.05）,粗灰分则逐渐升高（P〈0.05）;溶菌酶、超氧化物歧化酶和血浆中蛋白的含量随着替代比例的增加而减少,且当饲料酵母替代比例超过51%时,与对照组差异显著（P〈0.05）。综合考虑大菱鲆的生长指标、形体指标、鱼体成分和免疫机能等因素,要获得最佳的养殖效益,大菱鲆幼鱼饲料中用饲料酵母替代鱼粉的比例以17%为宜。     

重组酵母菌N6076代谢产物中红色组分的制备及其GC-MS检测

[目的]探讨重组异常汉逊酵母菌N6076次生代谢产物中红色组分的制备及其GC-MS检测方法。[方法]应用薄层层析色谱方法大量制备重组异常汉逊酵母菌N6076次生代谢产物中的红色组分,通过无水乙醇溶解、GC-MS检测以及化合物结构比对,分析其类别。[结果]该红色组分为醌类化合物,在WILEY、Nist和Nbs化合物库中均未发现与其结构完全相同的化合物。[结论]该研究为所得红色组分的NMR结构鉴定及结构与生物学效应关系的研究奠定了基础。     

固定化酵母发酵木瓜-西番莲复合果酒工艺的研究

[目的]研究固定化酵母发酵木瓜-西番莲复合果酒的最佳工艺条件。[方法]以木瓜和西番莲果为原料,研究了初始加糖量、pH、固定化酵母接种量、发酵温度对木瓜-西番莲复合果酒残糖、酒精度和感官品质的影响。[结果]影响木瓜西番莲复合果酒发酵残糖、酒精度和感官品质的主要因素为复合果汁初始加糖量,最佳发酵条件为混合果汁起始糖度28%、pH 4.5、酵母接种量0.015%、发酵温度25℃。[结论]在最佳工艺条件下可获得色泽淡黄自然、拥有着和谐的果香与酒香、入口清爽、酒精含量约13.8%的木瓜-西番莲复合果酒。     

利用酵母磷酸甘露糖异构酶基因作为拟南芥遗传转化的筛选标记

利用PCR反应克隆来自酿酒酵母的磷酸甘露糖异构酶(PMI)基因pmi,通过农杆菌介导的花序侵染法将PMI的基因导入受体拟南芥中,将转化后的拟南芥种子放在质量浓度为1g/L的甘露糖MS培养基上进行筛选培养,共得到抗性拟南芥植株4株。PCR反应证明酵母PMI的基因pmi已经整合到拟南芥基因组中,RT-PCR检测证明该基因的内含子能够在拟南芥中被正确剪切,同时通过GUS化学组织染色方法证明了伴随转化的GUS基因gus在拟南芥中得以表达,以上研究结果说明酵母PMI/甘露糖系统可以作为拟南芥遗传转化的筛选标记。     

富硒酵母在鸡营养中的研究进展

硒是动物必需的微量元素,广泛参与动物体内生理过程的调节。富硒酵母主要含有硒代蛋氨酸和硒代半胱氨酸两类硒化合物,是补充动物硒的重要来源。本文主要综述了富硒酵母在鸡体内的抗氧化作用、免疫调节及其生理过程,添加富硒酵母后对鸡生产性能、肉制品质的影响。     

Assessment of yeast cell wall as replacements for antibiotic growth promoters in broiler diets: effects on performance, intestinal histo-morphology and humoral immune responses

The study compared the effects of an antibiotic growth promoter (AGP), yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and yeast cell wall (YCW) on performance, microbiology and histo-morphology of the small intestine and humoral immune responses in Ross 308 broilers. The treatments (eight replicates/treatment, n = 12/replicate) were negative control (NC, without AGP), positive control (PC, supplemented with bacitracin methylene disalicylate, 400 mg/kg), Y and YCW (supplemented with yeast and YCW, respectively, 1000 mg/kg). Live weight at 42 days improved (p = 0.086) in the PC, Y and YCW groups. Feed conversion ratio was better (p = 0.039) in the YCW group compared with the other groups. Antibiotic growth promoter in the PC group shortened the villi in duodenum (p = 0.044). Mucosal Escherichia coli number was higher in the PC group (p < 0.001), whereas in the digesta E. coli number was lower (p = 0.001) in the PC, Y and YCW groups in relation to the NC. Mucosal Salmonella populations increased (p = 0.0001) in the PC group, whereas in the digesta, all treatments reduced the Salmonella (p = 0.0001). Following oral challenge with Salmonella pullorum, YCW increased E. coli numbers on the mucosa (p < 0.001) whereas in the digesta the Y group had lower (p < 0.0001) number of E. coli. In the digesta, Salmonella count was lower in the YCW group compared with the other treatments (p < 0.01). Yeast cell wall -treated birds exhibited better (p < 0.05) humoral immune response against Newcastle disease which was far more persistent over time than in any other treatments. It was concluded that the yeast and the yeast cell wall may have effects identical to BMD on performance of broilers and thus may constitute an effective replacement strategy in the dietary regimens for broiler chickens.