转Bt基因抗虫棉中棉所30的碳、氮代谢特征

本试验在田间条件下研究了转Bt基因抗虫棉中棉所30的碳、氮代谢特征,于各主要生育期测定了棉株地上部营养器官的全N、非蛋白质N和可溶性糖及淀粉含量.研究结果表明,与轮回亲本中棉所16相比,中棉所30苗蕾期的C/N较低,非蛋白质N含量较高,N代谢比较旺盛;初花期至盛花期的C/N则较高,C代谢明显加强;进入结铃早期,中棉所30叶片中可溶性糖、淀粉及营养体中非蛋白质N的含量均下降,反映出其"根源”和"叶源”的功能已减弱,表现出早衰迹象.为了改善转Bt基因抗虫棉中棉所30的生育状况,提高其产量和品质,"促源”是根本.     

Mutant induction through adventitious buds of Kohleria

Summary Freshly cut leaves of Kohleria eriantha and K. x Longwood were exposed to a wide range of gamma irradiation doses and allowed to root and form adventitious buds. K. Eriantha could not be successfully propagated from leaf half cuttings. Longwood produced a small number of adventitious plantlets as compared to other Gesneriads. Colchicine treatments reduced leaf half survival in Longwood by more than 50%. Leaf halves exposed to low and moderate doses of gamma irradiation showed increased overall plantlet production compared to nonirradiated leaf halves.Of the mutation parameters calculated, the number of mutants per 100 surviving leaf halves appears to be the most useful since it relates the number of mutants within a dose to the number of surviving leaf halves, the number of mutants to the number of plants produced, and the number of mutants within doses to control values.Using the criteria, number of mutants per 100 surviving leaf halves, optimum production of all mutants, of useful and of dwarf mutants was obtained at 2.5 kR for noncolchicine treated leaf halves and 1.5 to 3.0 kR for colchicine treated leaf halves.Of the adventitious plantlets produced, 13.8% were classified as mutant types. Mutant plants were found in radiation dose levels up to 5.5 kR. The array of mutants produced was skewed toward plant habit and flower characteristic mutants with several leaf characteristic, lethal, and polyploid mutants observed. A high frequency of mutants, 10 of 93 plants, occurred in the nonirradiated controls. Four sectorial chimeras were identified from both control and irradiation exposed groups. Several potentially useful flower color and dwarf mutants have been selected for further study. Adventitious buds may have developed from callus at petiole and leaf-vein bases. Colchicine treatments severely inhibited adventitious plantlet production and because of this could not be used as a criterion to identify the origin of adventitious buds. Conclusive determination of the organogenesis of adventitious buds from Longwood leaf halves could not be made. Mutant plantlets formed from adventitious buds on detached leaf halves of Longwood appear to arise from single cells as has been found with other Gesneriads.Scientific Journal Series Article No. 10 330 of the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station.     

三七根际链霉菌Streptomyces sp. YNUCC0233木聚糖酶性质研究

从三七根际分离到一株产木聚糖酶链霉菌Streptomycessp.YNUCC0233。该菌所产生的木聚糖酶的最适反应温度为67℃,最适pH为6.0,在pH5.0~9.0和60℃以下时相对稳定。Ba2+和K+对该木聚糖酶有较强的促进作用,Hg2+、Cu2+、Mn2+、Co2+、Ni2+和EDTA对该酶有较强的抑制作用。对Streptomycessp.YNUCC023316SrDNA的1105bp片段的序列分析结果表明,Streptomycessp.YNUCC0233的16SrDNA片段与GenBank中所有已注册的链霉菌分类单位均不同。     

胨冻样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mucilaginosus YNUCC0001)絮凝剂生产、絮凝特性及其系统发育学分析

对BacillusmucilaginosusYNUCC000116SrDNA的1481bp片段与GenBank中最相似的16个分类单位进行了比较。UPGMA,NJ,ME和MP方法构建的系统发育树显示B.mucilaginosusYNUCC0001与B.mucilaginosusHSCC1605T、B.mucilaginosus1480D及Paenibacillussp.NBT形成一个单系群分支。在50L全自动发酵罐中30℃发酵52h后,菌株YNUCC0001产生的胞外生物多聚絮凝剂(EBF)达到最大产率(粘度:3420C.P.)。在pH4.0、用量为0.25mlL-1的条件下,这种EBF对高岭土悬浊液的絮凝活性最大(99.8%);121℃高压灭菌60min后絮凝活性维持在98.6%。Hg2+,Ca2+,Mg2+,K+,Zn2+对其絮凝活性有促进作用,而Fe3+、Al3+、EDTA和Cu2+则有强烈抑制。     

Soil organic carbon and phosphorus availability regulate abundance of culturable phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in paddy fields

Low availability of phosphorus(P) is a major constraint for optimal crop production, as P is mostly present in its insoluble form in soil. Therefore,phosphate-solubilizing bacteria(PSB) from paddy field soils of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, India were isolated, and their abundance was attempted to be correlated with the physicochemical characteristics of the soils. Ninety-four PSB were isolated on Pikovskaya's agar medium, and quantitative phosphate solubilization was evaluated using NBRIP medium. The isolates solubilized P up to a concentration of 1 006 μg mL~(-1) from tricalcium phosphate with the secretion of organic acids. These isolates were identified by 16 S rRNA gene sequence comparison, and they belonged to Gammaproteobacteria(56 isolates),Firmicutes(28 isolates), Actinobacteria(8 isolates), and Alphaproteobacteria(2 isolates). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the identification by clustering the isolates in the clade of the respective reference organisms. The correlation analysis between PSB abundance and physicochemical characteristics revealed that the PSB population increased with increasing levels of soil organic carbon, insoluble P, K~+, and Mg~(2+). The promising PSB explored in this study can be further evaluated for their biofertilizer potential in the field and for their use as potent bio-inoculants.     

病犬大肠杆菌16S rRNA甲基化酶基因检测研究

摘要：为了解郑州市发病犬大肠杆菌对氨基糖苷类药物高度耐药的16S rRNA甲基化酶流行情况,本研究测定了分离自河南郑州市宠物医院发病犬的123株大肠杆菌对氨基糖苷类代表药物阿米卡星的敏感性;分别设计6种16S rRNA甲基化酶基因特异性引物,对耐药分离株进行16S rRNA甲基化酶基因PCR扩增检测。检测结果显示,在发病犬大肠杆菌中仅检测到armA和rmtB,其检出率分别为3.25%（4/123）和38.2%（47/123）。其中,有3.25%（4/123）的大肠杆菌可同时检测到armA和rmtB。这些结果提示,此地区发病犬大肠杆菌16S rRNA甲基化酶基因以rmtB为主。病犬细菌一旦携带这些耐药基因,可导致对氨基糖苷类药物高度耐药,应引起重视。     

一株抗铜根瘤菌的分离鉴定及其16S rDNA序列分析

为了发挥微生物和植物在重金属矿尾区铜污染土壤的共同修复作用,本研究从陕西省凤县矿尾区天蓝苜蓿根瘤中筛选分离到一株抗重金属铜的菌株,定名为CCNWSX0020.该菌株在YMA琼脂平板上抗铜浓度为3.0mmol/L,TY液体培养基中抗铜浓度为1.4 mmo1/L,因此,它是研究根瘤菌抗铜机制的良好菌株.该菌株经生理生化分析...     

柱型苹果鲁加16号叶片再生研究

[目的]建立柱型苹果鲁加16号的最佳叶片再生体系。[方法]以柱型苹果鲁加16号的3年生试管苗叶片为外植体,研究基本培养基、激素种类及浓度配比、暗培养、接种方式及外植体苗龄对鲁加16号叶片再生的影响。[结果]3种培养基中以MS培养基为最好,鲁加16号叶片在MS培养基上的再生频率和平均生芽数分别为62.7%和3.3个,明显高于B5(40.2%和2.1个)和1/2MS(50.4%和2.6个)培养基。该叶片再生芽数与激素的浓度及其配比密切相关。该叶片最适宜的培养基是:MS+6-BA4.0 mg/L+NAA0.10 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L+琼脂7 g/L。叶片的正反面接种方式对叶片再生没有显著影响。暗培养对叶片再生不是必需的,但暗培养2周左右能明显提高叶片的再生能力。[结论]选择苗龄25～30 d、叶色嫩绿、长势较强的叶片作为外植体,可以显著提高苹果离体叶片的再生频率。     

我国主要养殖罗非鱼的16S rRNA序列特征分析

对我国主要养殖的尼罗、奥利亚、莫桑比克、杂交种尼奥（尼罗♀×奥利亚♂）和红罗非鱼（莫桑比克×尼罗）的线粒体16S rRNA部分序列进行了PCR扩增和测序分析,探讨罗非鱼种间亲缘关系和种类鉴别标记。PCR产物经直接测序,5种罗非鱼中大部分个体均获得长546 bp的基因序列。其碱基组成GC含量为47.4%。序列比对分析显示变异位点18个,没有插入/缺失位点,转换/颠换比率为2.7。序列分析表明,红和奥利亚各有2个单倍型,尼奥、莫桑比克与尼罗各有1个单倍型。其中,尼奥与尼罗的单倍型序列相同,莫桑比克与红罗非鱼的1个单倍型序列相同。表明部分红罗非鱼的母本为莫桑比克。UPGMA聚类分析表明,尼奥与尼罗聚成一支、红罗非鱼与莫桑比克成一支、奥利亚独成一支。     

苜蓿中华根瘤菌(Sinorhizobium meliloti)的耐酸性研究

用来自酸性土壤上紫花苜蓿根瘤中分离得到的3株能在pH=4.8的YMA固体培养基上正常生长的根瘤菌进行回接试验和生长曲线测定,结果证明,菌株91532耐酸能力高于其余菌珠,并高于国内外已报道过的苜蓿根瘤菌.91532经16SrRNA分析和扫描电子显微镜分析,鉴定为苜蓿中华根瘤菌（Sinorhizobium meliloti）.pH=4.0的质子通量试验中,与酸敏感菌株相比,91532细胞膜具有较强的阻挡质子能力,细胞具有较高的存活率,耐酸能力具有遗传稳定性.