黄南州改良绒山羊绒纤维物理性状的分析

黄南州改良绒山羊绒纤维物理性状的测定结果为：细度14．14－14．68μm；伸直长度8．04μm；净绒率66．24％－76．92％；强度5．93－7．35cN;绒毛比37：64－51：49；绒毛束的纯绒率36．42％－43．34％，表明羊绒品质与柴达木绒山羊相当，优于国内其它部分品种，是优等的毛纺原料。     

肝片吸虫感染对山羊机体自由基代谢影响的研究

实验选择9只健康、6－10月龄雄性白山羊，经粪便学检查和Dot-ELISA检测，确认无肝片吸虫感染，随机分成感染组（n=5)和对照组（n=4)，试验组每只1次口服接种150个肝片吸虫囊蚴，每周定时从颈静脉采集感染前（0周）和感染后15周血液1次分离血清。测定血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH－Px)活性、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、过氧化物酶（CAT）活性、丙二醛（MDA）和一氧化氮含量的变化，结果表明肝片吸虫感染后血清中GSH－Px活性除第8周试验组显著高于对照组，其他各周无显著差异；在整个实验期间，试验组山羊血清中SOD活性在1－5周呈波动状，以后两组基本处于同一水平；试验组山羊血清CAT活性在感染后第3周显著低于对照组，第6－15周时，试验组始终高于对照组，但各周差异均不显著；试验组山羊血清中MDA含量在整个实验期间始终呈波动状，而在第8、9周试验组显著高于对照组，中周与对照组相比无显著差异；感染后试验组血清中NO开始下降，并且显著低于对照组，至第3－6周时试验组显著高于或低于对照组，第6－15周，试验组一直高于对照组，并在第7、10周时显著地高于对照组。提示山羊感染肝片吸虫后，机体发生多种功能的改变，机体的自由基产生与清除处于相互对抗之中，机体的自由基代谢参与了肝片吸虫病的发展过程。     

波尔山羊杂交后代肉质特性的研究

随机选择相同放牧条件下的 6只波尔山羊与南江黄羊的杂交一代 (BN) ( 3♂、3♀ )以及同龄的南江黄羊 (NN) ( 3♂、3♀ )于 8月龄进行屠宰 ,提取肉样对肌肉品质进行分析。结果表明 ,BN保持了NN肉质细嫩多汁的优点 ,两者肌肉的失水率、系水力、贮存损失、熟肉率、肌肉剪切值和肌纤维直径等物理性状和肌肉的常规化学成分差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5)。通过风味品尝 ,不能辨别两者区别。BN肌肉蛋白质中的氨基酸种类齐全 ,含量丰富 ,赖氨酸、苯丙氨酸和蛋氨酸等人体必需氨基酸的含量还有所提高     

饲喂不同日粮的山羊尿沉渣晶体的化学组成和显微形态

采集饲喂棉饼、玉米粉、麸皮、豆饼四种常见日粮的山羊尿样，应用化学定性分析、Ｘ－射线衍射物相分析、Ｘ－射线能谱分析和扫描电子显微镜观察等手段分别进行尿沉渣晶体的化学组成和显微形态的分析和观察。结果表明，饲喂棉饼日粮和麸皮日粮时山羊尿沉渣晶体的化学组成为磷酸钾镁，显微开矿为斜方柱状；饲喂玉米日粮时为碳酸镁，形态为长方柱状；饲喂豆饼日粮时为碳酸钙（方解石），形态为短方柱状。最后，还对几种尿沉渣晶体的生成     

维生素B_(12)注射液在布尔山羊精液保存中的应用

维生素Ｂ１２注射液不仅可以延长布尔山羊鲜精在室温条件下的存活时间，而且可以提高冷精解冻后活力、存活时间和受胎率，因此可推荐为该品种的鲜精稀释液、保存液和冷精解冻液。     

山羊亚硝酸盐中毒口液,尿液,棉签偶氮显色快速诊断方法的研究

建立山羊亚硝酸盐中毒模型，用棉签分别蘸取口液、尿液立即滴加偶氮试剂均显粉红色，中毒后１０～２０ｍｉｎ显浅粉红色；６０ｍｉｎ显深粉红色，随中毒症状加重，棉签显色相应加深，甚致变为棕红色。同时棉签显色加深和血液褐变程度加重与ＭＨｂ／Ｈｂ比值升高同步。此种诊断方法是诊断亚硝酸盐中毒的动物可靠、灵敏和快速的诊断方法。     

Smallholders’ perceptions of goat farming in southern Benin and opportunities for improvement

To be successful, initiatives to improve smallholder’s goat production should directly address the needs and objectives of the keepers while promoting rational use of local genetic resources. This paper identifies the objectives, constraints and needs of goat farmers in southern Benin and discusses their relevance to the development of improvement programmes. Between November and December 2005, structured questionnaires, focus group discussions and participant observation were used to collect information from 38 goat farmers in two selected locations. Goats were kept mainly for sale whenever cash was needed. Traits related to reproduction, to behaviour, to health and to meat production were considered equally important and were ranked very highly by goat keepers. Increased net income per flock through increased number of marketable animals is the derived breeding objective from the trait analysis. Disease outbreaks resulting in high mortality, poor housing, and feed shortages were, in descending order, the most important problems. It was concluded that the development of initiatives to improve management practices is an overriding priority. It will lead to increases in productivity in the short term and foster farmers’ participation in the development of long-term improvement strategies, which should include selection and controlled mating.     

Isolation and characterization of Dichelobacter nodosus from ovine and caprine footrot in Kashmir, India

Footrot is a highly contagious and economically important disease of sheep and goats, caused by Dichelobacter nodosus, a slow growing anaerobic Gram-negative rod. The current Australian antigenic classification system, based on variation in the fimbriae, classifies D. nodosus into at least 10 serogroups (A-I and M) and 18 serotypes. This investigation was intended to determine the serological diversity of D. nodosus in this region of Kashmir, India. Exudates of footrot lesions were collected from 24 naturally infected sheep and 42 goats located in the Kashmir valley. Of these 66 samples, 24 yielded evidence of D. nodosus by PCR using 16SrDNA specific primers. Multiplex PCR using serogroup specific primers revealed the presence of serogroup B in all the samples except two, which showed the presence of serogroup E D. nodosus. This study also documents the isolation of D. nodosus and detection of serogroup E for the first time in India.     

双氯醇胺对山羊胃肠电活动及运动的影响

采用在瘤胃背囊、皱胃幽门部和十二指肠近端安装有双极胃肠电极及应力传感器的土种公山羊 5头 ,按自身对照设计 ,研究了双氯醇胺对山羊胃肠电活动及运动的影响。结果表明 ,β 激动剂双氯醇胺在功能上有与肾上腺素相似的作用 ,即可直接或间接地抑制山羊胃肠道电活动和运动。与对照期相比 ,给山羊皮下注射双氯醇胺后 ,其瘤胃背囊、皱胃幽门部及十二指肠近端的快、慢波电位振幅显著降低 (p <0 0 5) ,瘤胃运动的应力波值极显著减小 (p <0 0 1) ,但快、慢波频率无明显变化。瘤胃运动的应力波值与瘤胃快波电位振幅以及应力波延续时间与快波峰电位数间呈强正相关 (R值分别为 0 94± 0 32和 0 85± 0 2 7)。体外试验结果亦显示 ,双氯醇胺可使离体十二指肠段的快、慢波电位振幅减小 ,张力波值大幅度下降 ,张力曲线变得平滑     

山羊乳蛋白多态性与产奶性能的关系研究

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析２２５只西农萨能奶山羊乳样，首次对山羊乳中主要蛋白质的多态性与乳成分、产奶量等产奶性能指标的关系进行探讨。结果表明，β－乳球蛋白的基因型对奶山羊产奶量有显著影响，而α－酪蛋白、ｋ－酪蛋白对产奶性能无显著影响作用，β－乳球蛋白ＢＢ型、α－酪蛋白ＢＢ型和ｋ－酪蛋白ＡＡ型山羊个体表现出较好的产奶性能。