Mycorrhiza induced resistance in potato plantlets challenged by Phytophthora infestans

Biological control of soil-borne pathogens by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi has been repeatedly demonstrated. However, their role in the control of above-ground hemibiotrophic pathogens is less conclusive. Here, we investigated in vitro the impact of an AM fungus on Phytophthora infestans in potato plants. The leaf infection index was decreased in mycorrhizal potato plants. Real-Time Quantitative PCR revealed the induction of two pathogenesis related genes (PR1 and PR2) in the leaves of mycorrhizal plants shortly after infection with P. infestans. These results suggested a systemic resistance in mycorrhizal plants, related to the priming of the two PR genes in potato.     

基于LAMP方法的苜蓿疫霉根腐病菌分子检测研究

苜蓿疫霉根腐病菌是我国检疫性有害生物之一.但是,目前国内尚无检测标准.笔者针对该病菌特异分子标记,设计了LAMP引物,建立了苜蓿疫霉根腐病菌恒温快速检测方法(巳申请发明专利).该方法快速、准确、无需PCR仪,很好地满足了口岸检疫部门的检测要求.     

Actinomycetes in organic mulch used in avocado plantations and their ability to suppress Phytophthora cinnamomi

Actinomycetes isolated from the organic mulch used in avocado plantations in Western Australia were studied to examine their ability to suppress Phytophthora cinnamomi. All the 1600 isolates tested inhibited the pathogen in vitro with inhibition rates of >0.5. The inhibition rates achieved by actinomycetes isolated from fresh and pathogen-infested mulch were not significantly different, but the isolates tested differed in their ability to suppress the pathogen and/or the disease. Some of the isolates that inhibited the pathogen were also harmful to plant growth.     

六种杀菌剂对茄子绵疫病菌的室内毒力测定

采用菌丝生长抑制法测定了啶酰菌胺、嘧菌酯及氟吗啉等6种杀菌剂对茄子绵疫病菌(Phytophthora parasitica)的室内活性。结果表明,20%氟吗啉可湿性粉剂的抑制效果最好,其次为50%啶酰菌胺水分散粒剂和100 g/L氰霜唑悬浮剂;50%嘧菌酯水分散粒剂随着药量的增加,抑制率增长并不显著,但其EC50不是很高;40%百菌清悬浮剂和722 g/L霜霉威盐酸盐水剂两种药剂对茄子绵疫病菌的防效较低,抑制菌丝生长的效果较弱。     

一株细菌对蔬菜病原真菌抑菌活性的研究

采用菌丝生长速率法测定分离自实验室的一株细菌对黄瓜灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)、辣椒疫病菌(Phytophthora capsici)、黄瓜枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum)的抑菌效果。结果表明,这株细菌对以上3种病原菌均有较好的抑制效果,其中对黄瓜灰霉病菌的抑制效果最好;细菌粗发酵液经一定强度的温度和酸碱处理后仍有一定的抑菌效果,抑菌效果在p H 5.1~9.0之间无显著差异;用胰蛋白酶处理后拮抗活性无明显变化;经硫酸铵处理过的粗发酵液,其上清液与沉淀均具有抑菌活性。     

拮抗细菌对烟草黑胫病的防治效果研究

采用温室盆栽试验测试5株芽孢杆菌属生防细菌对烟草黑胫病的拮抗作用。结果表明,拮抗细菌芽孢杆菌1205对苗期烟草黑胫病有较稳定的防治效果,其分泌物还有促进烟株生长的作用,经鉴定1205菌株为蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)。     

植物源药剂防治烟草黑胫病的研究进展

综述了烟草黑胫病病原菌形态及生理、发病规律、致病机理以及我国防治烟草黑胫病的植物源药剂筛选等方面的研究进展,并展望了其发展趋势。     

马铃薯晚疫病菌卵孢子菌系的繁育及生物学特性研究

对马铃薯晚疫病菌[Phytophthorainfestans(Mont.)deBary]卵孢子形成的影响因素及卵孢子菌系生物学特性进行研究。卵孢子形成的影响因素试验结果表明:在黑麦A培养基中卵孢子产生的量最多,其次是燕麦培养基,V8培养基最少,在Mira品种上卵孢子产生量最多,而在PB06上只有少量产生,在10℃下产生卵孢子的量最多,15℃最少。用液体培养基产生的卵孢子悬浮液涂于黑麦A抗菌素培养基或直接挑单卵孢子培养于黑麦A抗菌素培养基上,获得单卵孢子菌落,继续培养获得单卵孢子菌系。以A1和A2孢子囊等量混合制成悬浮液,接种于Mira叶片上,获得卵孢子群,经穿薯片培养获得卵孢子群菌系。将获得的单卵孢子菌系和卵孢子群菌系进行交配型、抗药性和致病性测定,结果表明:所测的18个卵孢子菌株中,有17个为A2交配型,1个为A1交配型;占75%的卵孢子菌株对甲霜灵表现为中抗,25%的表现为抗性;对非水平抗性品种表现为较强的致病性,而对水平抗性品种的致病性较弱,不同的卵孢子菌系的致病性表现较明显的差异。     

烟草低头黑病病原菌的研究

 烟草低头黑病是烟草的主要病害之一,主要发生于山东潍坊一带烟区。经过对病原菌分离培养、形态特征观察、致病性和寄主范围测定,鉴定为辣椒炭疽菌(Colletotrichum capsici)的新变型——辣椒炭疽菌烟草变型(Colletotrichum capsici (Syd.) Butler & Bisby f. nicotianae G. M. Zhang & G. Z. Jiang f. nov)(烟草低头黑病菌)。     

棉铃疫病菌的鉴定及致病力的研究

通过对江西省棉铃疫病菌的培养性状、形态特征及生理生化特性等方面的研究，鉴定江西省棉铃疫病菌为ＰｈｙｔｏｐｈｔｈｏｒａｂｏｅｈｍｅｒｉａｅＳａｗａｄａ。致病力研究表明，棉铃疫病菌对棉铃的致病力强，对苎麻的致病力弱；不同的菌株对棉苗存在明显的致病力分化；棉铃疫病菌经反复接种棉苗和苎麻后，致病力会逐渐增强