山东半岛南部沿岸中国对虾放流数量对秋汛产量的影响

根据１９８３～１９９８年山东半岛南部沿海对虾放流增殖结果,对秋汛对虾产量与放流数量之间的关系进行了研究。结果表明：秋汛对虾产量随放流数量的增加而增加,二者呈Ｙ＝３６３．７＋１２６．４Ｘ相关关系（ｒ＝０．９１８）。     

长毛对虾日周摄饵量变化的观察

长毛对虾一天中摄饵量的变化很大。从夜间20:00起到翌晨6:00为全天摄饵最旺盛之时,此段时间的摄饵量占全天的60％以上。其摄饵高峰在夜间24:00到凌晨2:00。8:00及14:00以后摄食量减少,以后又逐渐增多。因此,一天的投饵以4—5次为佳,傍晚到凌晨至少3次,上午近午时1次,午后少投或不投。     

斑节对虾体长与中肠腺细胞数相关性研究

通过现场测定养殖日龄为１６～１８ｄ的斑节对虾的体长、体重和全长,并应用石蜡切片技术对被测虾的中肠腺中部进行细胞计数,研究了斑节对虾体长与中肠腺细胞数的相关性。结果表明,对虾体长与中肠腺中部每个高倍视野的平均细胞数呈密切负相关（ｒ＝－０．９４７）,公式为：Ｃ＝３３０．３６２３２３ｅ－０．０８７３８４Ｌ。对虾体长与体重密切相关（ｒ＝０．９４８）,可用对数回归方程描述：ｌｇＷ＝－１．９２３５７８＋３．０８２８３２ｌｇＬ。对虾体长与全长密切相关（ｒ＝０．９９５）,其线性回归方程为：Ｙ＝－０．１８７１３７＋１．３１６７０５Ｘ。通过这些公式,中肠腺中部每个高倍视野的平均细胞数可由体长直接推算出或由体重和全长间接算出,使斑节对虾杆状病毒感染度的计算更加简单和准确。     

盐度和饵料对中国对虾碳收支的影响_

通过内生长实验的方法测定了中国对虾在不同盐度下摄食日本刺沙蚕及盐度３１海水中摄食日本棘少蚕和配合饲料的碳收支。结果显示,盐度５－３５范围内,水温２５℃时,对虾的碳摄食量在盐度１３时达到最大为６１．６４;而最适生长的盐度条件为２０,此时的碳利用效率最高为２５．８４％,碳的特定生长率最大为３．８９％。     

鹰爪虾与中国对虾雌虾纳精囊的形态结构

使用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜对鹰爪虾与中国对虾雌虾纳精囊的形态结构进行研究。结果表明,鹰爪虾与中国对虾都具有封闭式纳精囊,鹰爪虾纳精囊表面被前两片甲壳板所覆盖,两板中间为一开口,交配后被胶体物质堵塞,纳精囊中部为单一的囊腔,囊腔向后部两侧延伸形成两个袋状的囊,为贮存精子囊的部位,中国对虾的精囊内为单一的囊腔,外面覆盖有两片圆型,左右对称的甲壳质薄片,囊腔内部由前向后伸出三个锥状的甲壳质突起,交配的雌虾     

对虾暴发性流行病病原对中国对虾幼体及仔虾的人工感染研究

用对虾暴发性流行病病原（ＨＨＮＢＶ）作为人工感染实验的毒种来源,对中国对虾幼体及仔虾进行了人工感染研究,结果表明ＨＨＮＢＶ通过水体浸浴不能感染健康的中国对虾卵,幼体及仔虾;但可通过投喂感染健康的中国对虾仔虾,使其发病死亡,死亡的进程随着体长的增加而缩短。     

温度对中国对虾能量分配和元素组成的影响

于１９９５年８月～１０月,在２０℃、２５℃和３０℃下,以日本刺沙蚕为饵料,测定中国对虾的能量分配和元素组成（ＣＮＨ）。结果表明,水温３０℃时呼吸能显著增大（Ｐ＜０．０５）,占摄食能的７７．８％。三个温度下平均能量分配比例为：排泄能２．２７％,粪便能３．４６％,蜕壳能４．１９％,生长能２２．２７％,呼吸能６７．７３％。呼吸能的变化对生长能影响显著。元素组成以２０℃含量最高,虾体能值也最大。Ｃ／Ｎ值变化表明,随温度升高,脂肪作为中国对虾能量代谢的能源物质比例增大。     

Larval pigmentation, survival and growth of Penaeus indicus fed the nematode Panagrellus redivivus enriched with astaxanthin and various lipids

The highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) content of the free-living nematode Panagrellus redivivus was successfully increased when three different lipid sources (cod-liver oil, marilla oil and capelin oil) from marine animals were used in the nematode culture medium. The lipid enrichment significantly increased the ω3 HUFA content, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), of the nematodes compared with lipid non-enriched nematodes. Penaeus indicus larvae fed the lipid-enriched nematodes had significantly ( P < 0.05) greater larval survival (69–77%) until metamorphosis than those fed non-enriched nematodes (54%).
This nematode species was also enriched with astaxanthin to determine the effects of this carotenoid on pigmentation, survival and growth during the larval development of P. indicus . The pigment, delivered via nematodes, significantly ( P < 0.05) improved larval coloration and survival (88%) compared with that of placebo-pigmented nematodes (78%). However, there was no strong evidence to show the benefit of either pigment and/or lipid enrichment on larval growth and development of P. indicus .
This study has shown that the nutritional value of the nematodes can be enhanced by the addition of fish oil into the culture medium. Supplementation of EPA and DHA, together with synthetic astaxanthin, allow the nematodes to be used as a sole diet for the larval culture of P. indicus .     

斑节对虾C1q结合蛋白(PmC1qBP)的克隆及表达特征分析

Clq结合蛋白(ClqBP)是补体系统中的一种重要成分,它能与游离的补体分子Clq的胶原样区相互作用并启动多种细胞反应,包括增强吞噬作用、促进吞噬细胞对微生物的杀伤、诱导趋化作用,从而增强生物体的免疫性.本实验从构建的斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)卵巢组织cDNA文库中筛选并克隆了PmClqBP基因.为研究PmClqBP在斑节对虾中的生物学功能,采用半定量和荧光定量的方法研究比较了PmClqBP基因在雌雄个体不同组织及卵巢不同发育阶段的差异表达情况.结果表明:雌雄个体的PmClqBP基因在性腺、胃、血细胞、肠中表达量存在极显著差异(P＜0.01).同时,PmClqBP在无节幼体和蚤状幼体时表达量低,从糠虾幼体至卵巢发育成熟过程中表达量有所增加并趋于稳定,揭示PmClqBP斑节对虾卵巢发育过程的重要功能基因.应激实验结果表明,经脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharide,LPS)刺激6h后PmClqBP在肝胰腺中的表达量极显著上调,提示PmClqBP参与了斑节对虾天然免疫应答,暗示其在斑节对虾先天性免疫调控中发挥着重要的作用.     

Probiotic bacteria effects on growth and bacterial composition of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon)

The effects of Bacillus probiotic forms on growth performance and microbiota were examined in black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Shrimp were fed for 120 days with one of three diets; a control diet alone or supplemented with either probiotics consisting of live‐sprayed Bacillus (LS) or freeze‐dried Bacillus (FD). Culturable bacteria counts in the hepatopancreas, intestine and culture water of the three treatments were relatively constant during the experiment. Bacillus numbers in the hepatopancreas and intestines of probiotic‐treated groups increased significantly (P < 0.05) after 30 treatment days and remained relatively constant afterwards while no appreciable changes occurred in the control. Shrimp supplemented with LS and FD contained significantly lower concentrations of Vibrio (P < 0.05) in the hepatopancreas, intestine and culture water, compared to those in the control group. Shrimp treated with LS and FD probiotic bacteria showed a significant improvement (P < 0.05) in specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE), compared to those of control group. Probiotic bacteria have the potential to enhance shrimp culture by reducing Vibrio and improving growth performance.