鄱阳湖团头鲂肌肉的四种同工酶研究

采用 Ｐ Ａ Ｇ Ｅ 方法, 分析了鄱阳湖团头鲂肌肉中酯酶（ Ｅ Ｓ Ｔ） 、过氧化物酶（ Ｐ Ｏ Ｄ） 、超氧化物歧化酶（ Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ） 和过氧化氢酶（ Ｃ Ａ Ｔ） 共４ 种同工酶,结果表明：团头鲂肌肉中 Ｅ Ｓ Ｔ、 Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ、 Ｃ Ａ Ｔ 均有４ 条酶带, Ｐ Ｏ Ｄ 未出现酶带     

饲料中大豆油替代鱼油对银鲳(Pampus argenteus)幼鱼血清溶菌酶活性及组织抗氧化能力的影响

银鲳(Pampus argenteus)是沿海重要的经济鱼类,本研究针对养殖银鲳幼鱼进行人工配合饲料研发,降低饲料成本、增强鱼体体质、提高存活率等.通过配制以100％鱼油(FO)、70％鱼油和30％大豆油(FSO)、30％鱼油和70％大豆油(SFO)、100％大豆油(SO)为脂肪源的4组饲料,检测银鲳幼鱼血清溶菌酶(LZM)和组织抗氧化性能的变化情况,以探究饲料大豆油替代鱼油对银鲳幼鱼健康的影响.结果显示,SFO组血清LZM水平最高,SO组最低,但各组间差异不显著(P＞0.05).FSO和SFO组的肌肉丙二醛(MDA)含量显著高于FO和SO组(P＜0.05),肝脏MDA含量则是FO和FSO组较高(P＜0.05).血清和肌肉超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力最高的均为SFO组,而SO组活力较低.相对地,肝脏SOD和CAT活力均是FO组最高(P＜0.05).肌肉和肝脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)均是FO和FSO组较高,而血清T-AOC是SO组较高.研究表明,豆油替代30％和70％鱼油,对银鲳幼鱼免疫和抗氧化能力都略有促进作用,但完全使用豆油会对机体产生负面影响.     

饲料中添加甜菜碱对尼罗罗非鱼生长_肌肉组成和消化率的影响

甜菜碱是甜菜加工副产品中提取的甘氨酸甲基内酯,甜菜碱以前仅限于作为动物营养的甲基供体,参与氨基酸的合成和协同作用。作为人类医学上的恢复胃酸的药物及肝脏保护性治疗剂等［朱仲贤１９７９］,参与氨基酸的合成和协同作用。甜菜碱作为鱼类的饲料添加剂的主要作用是...     

莱氏拟乌贼肌肉营养成分分析及评价

采用常规生化分析方法对莱氏拟乌贼(Sepioteuthis lessoniana)肌肉的营养成分进行测定,并对其营养品质进行了分析与评价。结果显示,在肌肉湿样样品中水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分和总糖的含量分别为76.10%、19.01%、1.20%、1.71%和1.98%。肌肉中共检测出18种氨基酸,占干样品的64.65%,氨基酸含量丰富;必需氨基酸(EAA)含量达到22.97%,与氨基酸总量(TAA)和非必需氨基酸(NEAA)的比值分别为35.53%和69.42%,氨基酸组成比例适宜;4种呈味氨基酸总量达25.02%,味道鲜美;第一限制性氨基酸为胱氨酸+蛋氨酸,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为68.02,氨基酸组成较为平衡;饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量分别为43.02%、6.59%和42.39%,PUFA含量较高,其中,EPA+DHA的含量达32.64%,对人体有较高的保健价值;此外,莱氏拟乌贼肌肉中含有丰富的K、Zn、Se等矿物元素和B族维生素。本研究表明,莱氏拟乌贼肌肉的营养成分全面、营养价值高,是一种优质水产品。     

庄河大骨鸡不同部位肌组织及器官多种矿物质元素含量的测定

采用电感耦合等离子光谱仪 (ICP)测定庄河大骨鸡不同部位肌组织及器官多种矿物质元素的含量。结果表明 :庄河大骨鸡胸、翅、腿肌组织中Ca含量较高 ,分别为 10 9.13μg g、98.4 3μg g、76 .73μg g。而Mg和P的含量较低。在 8种不同器官中 ,腺胃、胰腺、肾脏的Ca含量最高 ,其它器官由高到低依次为肝脏、肌胃、睾丸、脾脏和心脏。胸、翅、腿肌组织中 17种微量元素的含量 ,除Mn、Sr、Cr、Mo四种元素没有明显差异外 ,其余 13种元素存在着一定程度的差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。     

Electrolyte Disturbances in Foals with Severe Rhabdomyolysis

Marked electrolyte abnormalities characterized by profound hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, and hyperphosphatemia were noted in 4 neonatal foals with acute rhabdomyolysis and pigmenturia. In 2 foals, rhabdomyolysis developed 4–6 days after admission for dysmaturity, and in 2 foals, rhabdomyolysis was evident on presentation. Rhabdomyolysis was a consequence of selenium deficiency with or without vitamin E deficiency, possibly combined with increased oxidant stress due to sepsis or hypoxia and reperfusion injury after parturition. Foals gained from 7 to 15% of their initial body weight within 48 hours of developing rhabdomyolysis. Three of the foals developed cardiac arrhythmias characterized by spiked T waves and decreased-amplitude P waves. Postmortem examination of 2 foals revealed extensive myodegeneration and renal tubular nephrosis; renal cortical necrosis with myocardial necrosis was noted in 1 foal. Destruction of the major intracellular compartment (intracellular fluid [ICF]) through extensive myonecrosis combined, in some cases, with myoglobinuric renal insufficiency produced major fluid shifts and life-threatening electrolyte derangements. With the major ICF compartment disrupted, hyperkalemia was most effectively treated using mineralocorticoids, loop diuretics, and ion exchange resins to enhance elimination. In addition, IV calcium, glucose, insulin, and sodium bicarbonate were administered, which helped redistribute potassium to the ICE Severe rhabdomyolysis should be included in the differential diagnoses of hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, and hyperphosphatemia in neonatal foals.     

鱼类细胞多孔性与肌肉品质关系的研究进展

鱼类肉品品质与肌肉组织学特性有显著的相关性,相关因素包括肌纤维直径、数量、密度等(即肌肉细胞多孔性参数)。本文综述了鱼类肉的品质与肌纤维数量、密度、胶原蛋白及肉pH等之间的一些研究状况。肌肉细胞多孔性受品种、营养状况、运动状况等多种因素影响,因此了解可能影响肌肉细胞多孔性的因素可以为实践中通过合理控制这些因素来改善鱼肉品质提供有益参考。     

中药饮品对运动性疲劳大鼠骨骼肌影响的实验研究*

目的:观察中药饮品对大鼠生化、形态学和细胞凋亡指标的影响,以期为中药饮品的功效提供新的理论支持和科学数据。 方法:SD大鼠48只分为4组,正常对照组、运动疲劳模型组、实验一组、实验二组。除对照组以外、余三组均进行运动跑台训练 。实验组中药饮品灌胃。运动结束后,大鼠取骨骼肌检测。结论：两种中药饮品能够有效降低降低骨骼肌中的MDA含量,增加骨 骼肌的总抗氧化能力。增加大鼠海马的总抗氧化能力,减少MDA含量。阻止caspase- 3 的活化,最终达到对抗细胞凋亡的目的 。     

Possible roles of myostatin and PGC-1α in the increase of skeletal muscle and transformation of fiber type in cold-exposed chicks: Expression of myostatin and PGC-1α in chicks exposed to cold

This study examined the hypothesis that myostatin and PGC-1α are involved in the increase in skeletal muscle mass and transformation of fiber type in cold-exposed chicks. One-week-old chicks were exposed to acute (24 h) or long-term (8 d) cold at 4 °C or kept warm at 30 °C. Acute cold exposure induced a significant increase in the skeletal muscle weight and the ratio of slow- to fast-fiber specific troponin I expression (sTnI/fTnI), accompanied by a significant decrease in lactate dehydrogenase activity. Expression of myostatin mRNA in the muscle was significantly lower in cold-exposed chicks than in the controls, whereas PGC-1α mRNA expression was significantly enhanced. These changes in the gene expression rapidly returned to the levels of the control chicks after the end of cold exposure, whereas the changes in fiber type and enzymatic activity were not resumed within 24 h after removal of cold exposure. On the other hand, long-term exposure to cold resulted in a remarkable increase in skeletal muscle weight, accompanied by a significant increase in the ratio of sTnI/fTnI and the enzymatic activities of cytochrome oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase. However, the expression level of myostatin mRNA in cold-exposed chicks was not different from that in their age-matched control chicks and that of PGC-1α mRNA was significantly lower than in the controls. These results indicate that myostatin and PGC-1α expression in the skeletal muscle rapidly change in response to acute cold, suggesting the possibility that these two genes could be involved in the increase in muscle mass and transformation of fiber type, respectively, at the initial stage of adaptation in cold-exposed chicks.     

Ingestion of starch-rich meals after exercise increases glucose kinetics but fails to enhance muscle glycogen replenishment in horses

Fatiguing exercise substantially decreases muscle glycogen concentration in horses, impairing athletic performance in subsequent exercise bouts. Our objective was to determine the effect of ingestion of starch-rich meals after exercise on whole body glucose kinetics and muscle glycogen replenishment. In a randomized, cross-over study seven horses with exercise-induced muscle glycogen depletion were either not fed for 8 h, fed half of the daily energy requirements ( approximately 15 Mcal DE) as hay, or fed an isocaloric amount of corn 15 min and 4 h after exercise. Starch-rich meals fed after exercise, when compared to feed withholding, resulted in mild to moderate hyperglycemia (5.7+/-0.3 vs. 4.7+/-0.3 mM, P<0.01) and hyperinsulinemia (79.9+/-9.3 vs. 39.0+/-1.9 pM, P<0.001), 3-fold greater whole body glucose kinetics (15.5+/-1.4 vs. 5.3+/-0.4 micromol kg(-1)min(-1), P<0.05), but these only minimally enhanced muscle glycogen replenishment (171+/-19 vs. 170+/-56 and 260+/-45 vs. 294+/-29 mmol/kg dry weight immediately and 24 h after exercise, P>0.05). It is concluded that after substantial exercise-induced muscle glycogen depletion, feeding status only minimally affects net muscle glycogen concentrations after exercise, despite marked differences in soluble carbohydrate ingestion and availability of glucose to skeletal muscle.