土地开发整理前期地形图测绘调研分析

通过对重庆市彭水县高谷镇共和村土地开发整理测绘项目的实地调研分析,对该项目进行了归纳总结,介绍项目的测绘技术和流程,旨在为今后推进农村土地开发整理测绘提供实践依据。     

浅谈地票交易二级市场构建问题

明确了构建地票交易二级市场的思路,设定了构建地票交易二级市场应首先明确市场主体、客体、交易场所、交易方式、交易流程及规则等市场要素,并在此基础上分析了地票交易二级市场的开放步骤,最后对市场的监管机制进行了设计,以确保地票交易二级市场的平稳、健康运行。     

基于SWAT模型的大安市降水入渗量变化的模拟研究

针对近年的研究热点,通过SWAT模型对半干旱、盐碱化严重的吉林省大安市进行降水入渗模拟。以2000、2004和2008年遥感影像解译得到的土地利用数据为基础,结合SWAT模型的模拟结果,讨论LUCC与降水入渗量的相关关系。2008年与2000年相比,难利用地的面积有所降低,旱地、草地等发生了大面积的增加,研究区内土地状况有所好转。通过SWAT模型运行得到的结果显示:2008年的平均降水入渗量为56.27 mm,比2000年的值高。利用降水入渗系数法进行计算,也得到了2008年的降水入渗量高于2000年的结果,这与SWAT模型模拟得到的结果有着相同的趋势,且平均降水入渗量的标准偏差为5.27,说明SWAT模型对于研究区有良好的适应性。同时,根据土地利用数据和SWAT模型模拟数据可以得知,LUCC对研究区的降水入渗量存在着一定的相关性。     

农村土地价值的影响因素分析

分析了农村土地价值的影响因素,并从提高土地收入保障角度寻求提高土地价值的途径和方法。结果表明：农村土地的价值不仅体现在土地产生的直接收益,还表现在土地为农民带来的间接收益,包括土地的交换价值和潜在的发展价值。通过产权制度改革、土地经营形式多元化、种植结构调整、农民组织的重构来改变土地利用方式可以增加土地价值,使土地从生存保障发展为投资保障,从而提高农村土地的价值。     

昌吉市土地利用对生态环境的影响分析

在分析昌吉市土地利用现状特点和动态变化的基础上,讨论土地利用对生态环境的影响,指出昌吉市相对脆弱的生态环境和突出的人地矛盾,并提出改善其对环境影响的对策建议。     

Shifts in microbial diversity through land use intensity as drivers of carbon mineralization in soil

Land use practices alter the biomass and structure of soil microbial communities. However, the impact of land management intensity on soil microbial diversity (i.e. richness and evenness) and consequences for functioning is still poorly understood. Here, we addressed this question by coupling molecular characterization of microbial diversity with measurements of carbon (C) mineralization in soils obtained from three locations across Europe, each representing a gradient of land management intensity under different soil and environmental conditions. Bacterial and fungal diversity were characterized by high throughput sequencing of ribosomal genes. Carbon cycling activities (i.e., mineralization of autochthonous soil organic matter, mineralization of allochthonous plant residues) were measured by quantifying ¹²C- and ¹³C-CO₂ release after soils had been amended, or not, with ¹³C-labelled wheat residues. Variation partitioning analysis was used to rank biological and physicochemical soil parameters according to their relative contribution to these activities. Across all three locations, microbial diversity was greatest at intermediate levels of land use intensity, indicating that optimal management of soil microbial diversity might not be achieved under the least intensive agriculture. Microbial richness was the best predictor of the C-cycling activities, with bacterial and fungal richness explaining 32.2 and 17% of the intensity of autochthonous soil organic matter mineralization; and fungal richness explaining 77% of the intensity of wheat residues mineralization. Altogether, our results provide evidence that there is scope for improvement in soil management to enhance microbial biodiversity and optimize C transformations mediated by microbial communities in soil.     

安徽省农民“退宅进城入镇”的实践与成效——以天长市铜城镇为例

天长市铜城镇根据当地工业基础较好、农村"空巢户"较多、农民进城入镇的愿望较强烈的现状,通过调查研究,在集中民意的基础上规范操作,开展试点,循序渐进,创造条件,引导农民"退宅进城入镇",并积极引导农村土地流转,解除"退宅进城入镇"农民的后顾之忧。通过开展"退宅进城入镇"工作,为开发土地资源,增加经济效益,促进农地规范流转及农业现代化发展,助推城镇化进程,提高居民的生活质量探索了新道路。     

基于生态可持续的土地利用空间格局分配

土地作为人文社会和自然生态系统之间的重要纽带,土地利用变化成为全球变化研究中的重要部分,研究土地利用的结构优化,对实现土地资源的可持续利用有着重要的意义,是可持续发展的核心问题。笔者采用空间叠加和综合指数的方法,以生态因素作为土地利用空间分配的限制因子,模拟预测了基于生态可持续背景因素下中国土地利用变化未来空间分布格局。结果显示:土地利用数量分配和空间格局两方面具有明显的区域差异性,耕地主要分布在传统农区华中区和华东区,林地则主要分布在西南山区和东北区,草地则集中在西部和北部地区,建设用地主要集中在华东地区;考虑生态可持续因素,并以生态可持续为限制因子进行土地利用空间格局分配时,更加有利于土地利用各个类型的因地制宜和适宜性选择,生态功能区更加突出,分配格局更加合理。     

Quality assessment of three warm-season turfgrasses growing in different substrate depths on shallow green roof systems

In an effort to increase the accessibility and functionality of shallow green roof systems, the ability of warm-season grasses to provide acceptable growth needs to be further investigated. In the current study, which was conducted during 2011 and 2012, three warm-season grasses (hybrid bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. x C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy ‘MiniVerde’; seashore paspalum, Paspalum vaginatum Swartz ‘Platinum TE’ and zoysiagrass, Zoysia japonica Steud. ‘Zenith’) were established in outdoor lysimeters. The lysimeters were equipped with all necessary green roof layers placed below a coarse-textured substrate that comprised pumice, thermally treated attapulgite clay, peat, compost and zeolite. Half of the lysimeters had a substrate depth of 15 cm, while the other half had a substrate depth of 7.5 cm. Irrigation was applied at crop evapotranspiration (ET_c). Measurements included determination of substrate moisture content, green turf cover (GTC) and leaf stomatal resistance. Significant differences were observed in the values of GTC among the three turfgrass species and the two substrate depths. Zoysiagrass exhibited the best adaptation at the lower depths of shallow green roof systems. At 15 cm substrate depth, zoysiagrass managed to sustain green coverage for the two study periods. In addition, it was the only turfgrass species that managed to perform well at the substrate depth of 7.5 cm. Seashore paspalum exhibited limited green cover at both substrate depths, while hybrid bermudagrass could provide acceptable green coverage only at 15 cm substrate depth.     

活化风蚀坑沙障固沙技术及植被恢复

风蚀坑活化形成的流动沙地直接危害草场,使土地逐渐丧失生产力。结合风蚀坑内风速变化特征,采取风蚀坑及边坡、风蚀坑积沙区沙障固沙技术,恢复风蚀坑植被。结果表明:风蚀坑及边坡设置黄柳沙障3 a,植被覆盖率达到27.0%,植物种为7种;PE纱网沙障植被覆盖率为31.0%,植物种为11种;PLA沙障植被覆盖率达到15.6%,植物种为4种;黄柳+PE复合沙障植被覆盖率达到75.3%,植物种为6种,而对照植被覆盖率为1.6%,植物种2种。在风蚀坑积沙区,设置沙障3 a后,PE纱网沙障植物种达到10种,黄柳+PE沙障为8种,PLA沙障为4种,黄柳沙障6种,而对照为1种;植被覆盖率分别达到50.3%、50.7%、22.7%、40.0%,而对照为4.0%。采取网格或带状PE沙障,带状黄柳+带状PE沙障对风蚀坑植被恢复具有良好效果。