Region Study on Sciences of Human Settlements in China

By review of region study in recent development of history science, geography and Sciences of Human Settlements, this paper points out that material collecting without interrelated analyzing as well as focusing on main question and assumption without enough argumentation are main problems in this field now. The method renovation & combination with related subjects are discussed, this paper concludes that strengthen interdisciplinary study with Geography is a key issue in the future development of region study in Sciences of Human Settlements and possible approach to "technical development' and "humanity concern'.     

Around Body Flow Computation with Vortex-Flow-streamFunction in Boundary Fitted Coordinates

In this paper, partial differential equations of vortex flow-stream function in boundary fitted coordinates and related ADI equations were listed. The flow around a cylinder in quadrilateral area by auto control boundary was computed. The diagram of distribution of speed arrow, constant lines of flow-stream function, vortex, two speed parts and pressure were studied.     

TRUST REGION METHOD FOR UNCONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION

A new trust region algorithm is proposed for solving unconstrained optimization problems. According to the quadratic approximate model of the original optimization problem,the trust region algorithm uses directions,a convex combination of the quasi-newton direction and the steepest descent direction. This algorithm with new strategy is analyzed and the global and local quadratic convergent theorems are proved. At last,the implementation and computational results of the algorithm are demonstrated.     

酿酒葡萄延迟栽培方式的研究

利用西昌地区丰富的光热资源，以3年生真芳德和梅尔诺为试材，2000年在西昌正大葡萄试验园进行了酿酒葡萄延迟栽培的研究。摘除一次花序，对新梢分别在花后20、40、60、80d进行中梢修剪，逼迫冬芽萌发结果。结果表明：真芳德具有较强的冬芽副梢结果能力。在延迟栽培条件下，两品种的果实成熟期可推迟到11月上中旬。单株产量、果实可溶性固形物含量和总糖的最大值均出现在花后60d的处理中；各处理滴定酸均高于对照；出汁率随处理时间延迟而降低。两品种花后40、60和80d处理的果实黑痘病和白腐病的发生均低于对照。冬芽副梢成熟度良好。结果表明，延迟栽培能够有效调节葡萄成熟期并改善原料质量，但同时也造成产量的下降和生产周期的加长。     

黄淮冬麦区旱地区试小麦产量与产量三因素通径分析

对1997~1998年度参加全国旱地区试的16个冬小麦品种产量三因素与产量进行相关和通径分析,结果表明三因素都与产量具有正相关关系,其相关系数大小顺序为：穗粒数＞千粒重＞公顷穗数;直接通径系数大小顺序为：穗粒数＞公顷穗数＞千粒重。因此在选育旱地小麦品种时应注重协调好产量三因素之间的关系,在取得一定的群体穗数的基础上,以千粒重和穗粒数为重点性状。     

井灌区地下管道输水灌溉工程设计的研究

近几年来,井灌区地下管道输水灌溉(以下简称“管灌”)工程发展很快。保证“管灌”工程质量,发挥其应有效益,提高“管灌”工程设计水平非常必要。本文就井灌区地下硬塑管、混凝土管输水灌溉工程设计的依据、方法,水力计算,管径选择,设计灌溉面积等方面,从实际应用角度提出研究意见。     

加快洞庭湖区农机化发展 促进社会主义新农村建设

建设社会主义新农村是我党今后很长一段时期的重大历史任务。新农村建设使洞庭湖区农机化获得了发展良机,而农机化在新农村建设中的地位和作用显著,本文从湖南洞庭湖区新农村建设的要求出发,提出了大力推广水稻生产全程机械化技术,以促进洞庭湖区农村生产发展、农民生活宽裕;坚持依法行政,保障农机安全生产,以促进农村社会和谐,乡风文明;抓好农机部门自身建设,以适应社会主义新农村建设的需求等几项措施。     

半干旱区坡耕地抗旱保水技术集成对大豆水分利用效率的影响

黑龙江省西部半干旱区属典型的东北黑土区,为我国重要的商品粮生产基地。然而,由于地形地貌、气候条件的复杂多变,降水的时空分布不均,以及人类的长期干预造成的生态环境的改变,致使该区连年干旱。干旱及水土流失已成为制约该区经济发展的主要因素。根据黑龙江省西部半干旱区的自然特点,选取了坐水播种和苗期补灌2种抗旱节水技术和垄向区田保水技术,在甘南县国家863试验基地研究了该3项技术的集成对WUE的影响。结果表明,该项技术可以显著的提高大豆的WUE值。     

利用Radon变换计算粮仓害虫图像的倾斜角度

针对无明显的直线特征的仓储害虫图像,提出了一种基于Radon变换算法定位图像区域和检测图像倾斜角度的方法.实验结果表明,该算法能快速、准确地测量出仓储害虫图像的倾斜角度,并具有很强的抗干扰性、应用适应性和抗随机噪声的特性.     

Incorporation of ridge and furrow method of rainfall harvesting with mulching for crop production under semiarid conditions

A plastic-covered ridge and furrow rainfall harvesting (PRFRH) system combined with mulches was designed to increase water availability to crops for improving and stabilizing agricultural production in the semiarid Loess region of northwest China. The system was built by shaping the soil surface with alternate ridges and furrows along the contour. The plastic-covered ridges served as a rainfall harvesting zone and furrows as a planting zone. Some materials were also used to mulch the furrows to increase the effectiveness of the harvested water. This system can make better utilization of light rain by harvesting rainwater through the plastic-covered ridge. The field experiment (using corn as an indicator crop) showed that grain yields in the PRFRH system with mulches in 1998 and 1999 were significantly higher than the controls, with an increase of 4010–5297 kg per ha (108–143%). In most treatments, the water use efficiencies (WUE) were in excess of 2.0 kg m⁻³. The WUE values of corn in this system were 1.9 times greater than the controls in 1998 and 1.4 times greater than the controls in 1999. The plastic-covered ridge led to a yield increase of 3430 kg per ha (92%) in 1998 and of 1126 kg per ha (21%) in 1999 compared with the uncovered ridge. On average, the additional mulches in the furrow brought about a yield increase of 8–25%. Based on the results of this study and other researches, this technique can increase corn grain yield by 60–95% in drought and average years, 70–90% in wet years, and 20–30% in very wet years. The PRFRH system had the potential to increase crop yield and produced greater economic benefit, therefore it could be used in regions dominated by light rainfall of low intensity where crops generally fail due to water stress.