水蕹菜嫩茎高效无性系建立的研究

以重庆地区主栽水蕹菜(Ipomoea aquatica)为试材,在附加不同浓度配比的6-BA、IAA、NAA和2,4-D的MS培养基上离体培养,进行嫩茎高效无性系建立的研究。结果表明：1/2MS+ 6-BA 0.5 mg/L+2,4-D 1.5 mg/L 培养基能诱导水蕹菜嫩茎产生大量的愈伤组织,其诱导率达93.3%;在继代培养中,诱导愈伤组织分化的最佳培养基为1/2MS+ 6-BA 0.5 mg/L,其分化率为92%;分化不定苗生根的最佳培养基为1/2MS+ 0.9 mg/L NAA;在无菌苗移栽培养（基质配方为草炭:菌渣:蛭石=1:1:1）中,幼苗株高为11.43 cm,且成活率达98%。     

白骨壤中性糖蛋白的分离鉴定及生物活性研究

以白骨壤树枝为材料,经提取、分离和纯化等一系列步骤得到一中性多糖组分HAM-3-IIa,经高效凝胶过滤色谱(HPGFC)和凝胶柱层析Sephacryl(S-400)鉴定为均一组分,其重均相对分子质量(Mw)为97 600.化学组成分析表明,HAM-3-IIa为中性糖蛋白,含蛋白4.9%,含多糖95.0%;由阿拉伯糖(Ara)、半乳糖(Gal)和木糖(Xyl)组成;β-消去反应说明HAM-3-IIa中糖链以O-糖肽键连接到苏氨酸上的;补体结合实验表明,该多糖通过经典途径和替代途径共同作用产生显著的抗补体活性,呈一定的剂量效应关系,并研究确定该活性不是由于纯化过程中所产生的微生物所造成的.     

氮钾肥对污染土壤中蕹菜生长及吸收铅的影响

为了探索提高植物吸收铅（Pb）的能力及增加铅迁移量的方法,采用温室盆栽试验,研究了单施氮钾（N、K）肥及配合施用对蕹菜生长及吸收铅的影响。结果表明：土壤铅浓度为500mg/kg条件下,单施氮肥、钾肥与低量氮肥配施能显著增加植物地上部生物量,提高植物地上部铅的含量,进而显著提高了植物的铅迁移总量,其中以低量氮肥与高量钾肥配合施用的效果最好,单施钾肥则降低植株的铅迁移总量; 单施氮肥及氮钾肥适当比例配施还可以提高植物地上部铅的迁移量,提高植物地上部提取铅的效率。因此,通过调节土壤氮钾营养的方法可以提高铅污染土壤中植物对铅的吸收能力及迁移总量。     

外来入侵植物五爪金龙(Ipomoea cairica)的研究进展

五爪金龙[Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet]现已在我国南方地区广泛分布,是一种恶性的重要入侵杂草。本文从五爪金龙的生物学及生态学特性、化感作用及防治等方面的研究进展进行了综述。同时,针对目前研究中存在的不足,探讨了五爪金龙的研究发展方向。     

酶法提取薯渣膳食纤维及制品特性研究

利用α-淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和糖化酶对甘薯（Ipomoea batatas（L.）Lam.）渣进行酶解,提取膳食纤维,并对所得膳食纤维产品特性进行了分析。结果表明,黄心甘薯是提取薯渣膳食纤维的理想材料;各种酶的最适用量分别为：α-淀粉酶1.2mL/g,胰蛋白酶0.7mL/g,糖化酶4.0mL/g;糖化酶最佳酶解条件为：酶解温度60℃,时间40min,pH 5.0;膳食纤维产品中总膳食纤维含量为81.43%,其中可溶性膳食纤维含量可达40.31%,甘薯渣膳食纤维膨胀力和持水力分别达到195mL/g和910%。     

甘薯国家地理标志的保护现状与发展对策

为了促进甘薯地理标志产业和农业经济发展,对中国甘薯地理标志数量、保护范围、品种种类、专用标志使用现状以及产业现状进行统计分析。结果表明：（1）截至2020年12月31日,共有49种甘薯产品成为国家地理标志产品,分别产于河南、四川、山东等15个省份;（2）在所有甘薯国家地理标志产品中只有铜仁红薯粉丝的保护范围是以地级市级为单位,而其他甘薯地标产品的保护范围均以县（县级市）级或乡（镇）级为单位;（3）在这些甘薯国家地理标志产品中一部分是现有育成品种,而另一部分则为当地传统品种;（4）截至2020年底,共有18家企业已被国家质检总局核准可使用甘薯“地理标志产品专用标志”;（5）甘薯地标产业在中国逐渐发展起来,但仍然存在着一些问题。根据现状所提出的发展对策：（1）强化育种利用;（2）建立国家质量标准;（3）加强原产地保护;（4）规范使用专用标志;（5）打造知名品牌。本研究将为推进中国甘薯地理标志的保护以及产业经济发展提供参考。     

Field trial on the effects of the herbicide MCPA on ixodid ticks

Abstract

Studies were conducted to develop a pheromone‐trap monitoring system for the sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius (Fabricius), in sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., fields in four states: Florida, Louisiana, North Carolina, and Texas. The present studies examined the attractiveness of sex pheromone synthesized by two sources (USDA and AgriSense) and pheromone of different purities (75–99%) to weevils in the field. In all but one trial, weevil counts did not differ between traps baited with pheromone from the two sources for each of two doses (10 and 100 μg). Percentages of weevils caught per replicate per sample date were not consistently positively correlated with purity (significant in four of 10 trials); however, slope estimates were steeper in regions with lower trap counts (North Carolina and Louisiana) than in those with higher trap counts (Florida). Because the pheromone will be used to monitor weevils In both weevil‐free and weevil‐infested regions, the use of pheromone with a purity level >99% is most appropriate. The importance of these data in pheromone‐trap monitoring programmes for this weevil worldwide is discussed.     

Sodium and potassium effects on cation concentration and yield of lucerne and phalaris grown separately and together

Abstract

Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) and phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) were grown separately and together in a pot trial on a yellow‐brown pumice soil with three rates of sodium (Na) and two rates of potassium (K) in factorial combination. Lucerne alone had a low Na concentration but growing phalaris as a companion grass produced herbage with a Na concentration adequate for stock. Na application increased the Na concentration in phalaris and the mixture of phalaris and lucerne much more than in lucerne alone; had little effect on K concentration; slightly reduced Mg concentration; and greatly reduced Ca concentration but not as much in lucerne as in phalaris or the mixture with lucerne. K application increased K concentration and reduced Na, Ca and Mg concentrations throughout. Yield of phalaris grown alone and in combination with lucerne was increased significantly by Na application when K concentration in the plants was low. Yield of lucerne was not affected by Na application and it is concluded that Na did not substitute for K in this species. It is concluded that field trials are warranted to investigate the possibility of growing a special purpose mixture of lucerne and phalaris on New Zealand yellow‐brown pumice soils to provide feed that has adequate Na for grazing animals.     

玉溪市经果林地紫色甘薯引种试验初报

引进的11-07、16-08、Y1和SCZ 4个紫色甘薯[Ipomoea batatas (L.)Lam]品种分别在玉溪市3个不同海拔和3种不同的经果林地进行种植试验,分析其丰产性、品质等.结果表明,无论是从海拔差异还是从果树差异来看,SCZ的产量和品质较高,可作为有价值的商品紫色甘薯品种引进到玉溪经果林地推广种植;11-07可作为紫色甘薯高产的补充品种引进到玉溪经果林地种植;另外,经果林地种植紫色甘薯,以小树型为好.玉溪市经果林地可有选择地种植优良紫色甘薯品种.     

微囊藻毒素-LR慢性暴露对水雍菜光合生理的影响

【目的】研究环境相关浓度微囊藻毒素-LR(MC-LR)慢性胁迫对水雍菜(Ipomoea aquatica)叶片光合系统的影响,为阐明低质量浓度MC-LR慢性暴露对水雍菜生长的影响机制提供理论依据。【方法】以含不同质量浓度(0(CK),1,10,30μg/L)MC-LR的营养液培养水雍菜30 d,通过小雍菜叶片叶绿素SPAD值、叶绿素荧光参数、H_2O_2含量、1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶(Rubisco)及Rubisco活化酶(RCA)活性的变化,分析MC-LR慢性暴露对水雍菜叶片光合生理的影响。【结果】MC-LR慢性暴露30 d后,与对照组相比,1μg/L MC-LR处理组水雍菜叶片的光合参数均无显著变化;10μg/L MC-LR处理组中,Rubisco及RCA活性显著降低,H_2O_2含量和非光化学淬灭系数(qN)显著上升,而叶绿素SPAD值、光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)最大量子产量(F_v/F_m)和PSⅡ有效量子产量(ΦPSⅡ)无显著变化;30μg/L MC-LR处理组中,H_2O_2含量显著上升,而叶绿素SPAD值、F_v/F_m、ΦPSⅡ、光化学淬灭系数(qP)及Rubisco、RCA活性均显著降低。【结论】1μg/L MC-LR暴露对水雍菜叶片光合生理无显著影响;10μg/L MC-LR暴露下,叶片通过增加热耗散来保护光合机构,但MC-LR对光合酶活性产生抑制从而对叶片光合活性产生影响;30μg/L MC-LR暴露会抑制叶片光合系统对光能的转化效率、降低了叶片的光合酶活性,从而对水雍菜的光合能力产生不良影响。