Screening sorghum genotypes for salinity tolerant biomass production

Genetic improvement of salt tolerance is of high importance due to the extent and the constant increase in salt affected areas. Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] has been considered relatively more salt tolerant than maize and has the potential as a grain and fodder crop for salt affected areas. One hundred sorghum genotypes were screened for salinity tolerance in pots containing Alfisol and initially irrigated with a 250-mM NaCl solution in a randomized block design with three replications. Subsequently 46 selected genotypes were assessed in a second trial to confirm their responses to salinity. Substantial variation in shoot biomass ratio was identified among the genotypes. The performance of genotypes was consistent across experiments. Seven salinity tolerant and ten salinity sensitive genotypes are reported. Relative shoot lengths of seedlings were genetically correlated to the shoot biomass ratios at all stages of sampling though the relationships were not close enough to use the trait as a selection criterion. In general, the whole-plant tolerance to salinity resulted in reduced shoot Na⁺ concentration. The K⁺/Na⁺ and Ca²⁺/Na⁺ ratios were also positively related to tolerance but with a lesser r ². Therefore, it is concluded that genotypic diversity exists for salt tolerance biomass production and that Na⁺ exclusion from the shoot may be a major mechanism involved in that tolerance.     

Methods,Principles and Problems of CGE Model''s Solving

Computable general equilibrium (CGE)model's solving is important for its reseachers . Though there are many softwares to solve the CGE model, it is very important for its reseachers to understand CGE model's solving principle. The paper introduces the methods,principles and problems of CGE model's solving.The software -MATLAB is used to solve CGE Model, and reseach the existing problem of CGE model's solving.     

以温度为主控参数的日光温室综合环境控制系统的研制与应用

针对目前日光温室综合环境调控存在的问题，在研究日光温室微生态环境变化机理的基础上，以温度为主元的基本理论，利用动态规划理论，建立了以温度为主参量的日光温室综合环境调控模式，利用8031单片微型计算机实现了对日光温室综合环境的动态优化平衡调控，经济有效地解决了日光温室环境多因素的检测调控难题，取得了良好的社会效益和可观的经济效益。     

樟子松针叶床层结构对失水过程中含水率参数的影响

以樟子松针叶床层为例,初步研究可燃物结构床层结构特征对其失水过程中时滞和平衡含水率参数(基于Nelson模型)的影响。通过对15个不同厚度、载量、密度的樟子松可燃物床层的失水过程的分析,估计这些床层的时滞和平衡含水率参数,利用这些参数进行可燃物含水率模拟的平均绝对误差和均方根误差均不超过0.01,所估计的可燃物含水率参数有效。对可燃物床层结构特征对这些参数的影响的研究表明,可燃物床层厚度和载量对时滞和平衡含水率的2个参数a、b具有有显著影响,与时滞和平衡含水率参数b正相关,与平衡含水率参数a负相关,据此建立可燃物含水率参数的预测模型。该模型高估了时滞和平衡含水率参数b,低估了平衡含水率参数a。所得结果还有一些不确定性,特别是可燃物结构特征对平衡含水率参数的影响,需要在更宽的温湿度范围内、针对其他平衡含水率模型和在失水吸水2个过程上进一步研究。     

Suitability of the ESS laboratory method to determine the equilibrium soil solution composition of agricultural soils,and suggestions for simplification of the experimental procedure

The proper selection of the background electrolyte is of special importance studying element availability and mobility in the laboratory. The determination of the background solution composition can be done with the equilibrium soil solution method ESS (Matschonat and Vogt, 1997). The ESS method is a procedure to find out a salt solution of major cations and anions that does not undergo changes in its composition when brought into contact with a specific soil sample. This composition is experimentally approximated in an iterative procedure until certain quality criteria are fulfilled. We tested if the ESS method, which was developed for forest soils, can successfully be applied also to agricultural soils. The solution composition was confirmed by an independent method. We used samples of a glasshouse and an arable loess soil. Because the ESS method is relatively time and work consuming, we tested modifications which should simplify the procedure: the use of dried and frozen samples instead of field fresh soil, an approximation according to the solution's electric conductivity only, and the modeling of cation exchange to omit iteration steps. The ESS method caused slight overestimation (10–25 %) in cation concentrations, but in general, these were well met. Individual anion concentrations, however, were not buffered in this soil and could not unequivocally be determined. We recommend to adjust the anion concentrations in the ESS procedure according to their proportions in an initial water extract. As ion concentrations are functions of the soil : solution ratio, any method based on addition of water to the soil, like the so‐called soil saturation extract (Germany: Bodensättigungsextrakt), runs a risk to seriously underestimate ion concentrations at field conditions. The ESS method may therefore be especially well suited for soils with a low water content. The use of frozen soil gave good results and the omission of iteration steps by cation exchange modeling was promising and will be explored with the aim to operationalize it in forthcoming work.     

黄花梨的动态特性试验研究

动态特性是评价水果质地和成熟程度的的一个重要指标。利用正弦曲线应力-应变动态试验测定了黄花梨的动态特性，发现在不同预加载荷、不同激振功率、不同成熟程度等条件下梨果实动态试验的弹性模量和相位角明显不同。这表明：在相同频率下，随预加载荷的增加，弹性模量值增加；在相同预载荷、激振功率和频率下，未成熟黄花梨的动态试验相位角较小、成熟黄花梨的相位角较大，未成熟黄花梨的动态试验弹性模量较大，成熟黄花梨的弹性模量较小     

风险预期的农业投入-产出均衡及对收入稳定性的影响——基于Lyaponof稳定性定理

将不同类别农业风险按照时间分为产前、产中和产后风险;并纳入比较静态农业生产利润函数,定性分析农业投入和产出均衡变化;预期产中风险增加的情况下,比较分析理性生产者的最优与均衡投入-产出的变化和差异;构建动态农业收入函数,利用Lyaponof稳定性定理,分析讨论风险对农业收入稳定的作用机制及其影响因素。得到以下结论:预期产中风险增加时,生产曲线向下"跳跃",表示产量骤减;最优投入-产出规模比均衡状态相对减小,且收入稳定性的"紧约束"条件很难实现。     

人民币汇率升值的动态可计算一般均衡分析

在动态可计算一般均衡(MCHUGE)模型的基础上,考察了人民币汇率稳步升值对中国对外开放和经济增长的影响。外贸方面,人民币升值会降低总的出口量,提高总的进口量,增加贸易赤字,但长期和短期,对不同产品的进出口影响不一;外资方面,人民币升值会降低我国的外汇储备,加大我国对外直接投资,同时外商对我国的投资会增加;宏观影响方面人民币升值将促进农业、采矿业、公共服务、建筑业、服务业的产出,但在升值初期并不利于制造业的产出,但是总就业和总资本存量的增加最终会带动GDP的增长。     

4℃平衡时间对PCK细胞低温保存的影响(英文)

主要阐述了在以二甲亚砜为抗冻剂,不同的4℃平衡时间对PCK细胞低温保存的影响。把第24代PCK细胞悬浮于含10％二甲亚砜(DMSO)的冻存保护液,置于4℃冰箱,按不同的时间间隔取出细胞,重新培养,用来研究不同的平衡时间对细胞的贴壁率及生长的影响。将19代PCK细胞,按40min、1h、2h三种不同的4℃平衡时间进行-700℃冻存,再以较低的细胞密度(2×10~4个/mL)复苏细胞,用以研究不同的平衡时间对细胞冻存的复苏率及形态学的影响。结果表明,较长时间放置在4℃,DMSO的毒副作用明显,不利于细胞的生长。同直接传代的细胞相比,放置24h以上明显影响细胞的贴壁率及单层形成时间。在PCK细胞的-70℃保存中,4℃下平衡40min,DMSO不能对细胞形成充分的保护,细胞碎片较多;平衡2h以上,DMSO有影响了细胞对低温伤害的抵御能力,同样不利于细胞的冻存;平衡1h,细胞复苏及生长情况最佳。     

有机酸对含钾矿物钾素释放的影响

采用震荡平衡培养法,研究了6种有机酸对含钾矿物的释钾作用。结果表明:用6种有机酸连续浸提矿物2541h,白云母钾素的累积释放量为606.0～959.6mg.kg-1,钾长石钾累积释放量为362.9～754.6mg.kg-1。其中,草酸促进矿物钾素释放能力最强,其次为苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸,乙酸和乳酸较弱。有机酸作用下矿物钾的释放是酸性水解和络合溶解双重作用的结果。用不同数学模型模拟有机酸浸提含钾矿物和土壤钾释放动态过程,Elovich方程判定系数R2为0.898～0.999,双常数方程的判定系数R2为0.877～0.996,拟合效果达到极显著水平;抛物线扩散方程判定系数R2为0.712～0.966,拟合效果一般。