高压电场下不同位置处土豆片水分的变化规律

在20。~25℃,相对湿度40%±10%的室温环境下,对烫漂后的土豆试样进行了高压电场干燥实验。实验采用单针-盘(圆盘直径260mm)电极系统,交流电压V=(20±0.1)kV,电极间距离为60mm。同样的环境条件下也进行了土豆对比实验。结果表明:高压电场可使土豆的干燥速率明显加快,但由于针-盘电极形成电场不均匀性的影响,使电场中不同半径位置土豆试样的干燥速度不同,越靠近针电极正下方位置,土豆试样中水分干燥速度越快,而对比试样恰好相反,即越靠近中心位置水分干燥速度越慢。另外,针-盘电极电场存在有效的作用面积。     

马铃薯收获机设计试验研究

张家口地区马铃薯种植面积广,畜力犁收获时效率低,漏收和破损较为严重,外购的马铃薯收获机不适合当地农民的种植方式.为此,设计了马铃薯收获机.该机可实现马铃薯挖掘、薯土分离和薯秧分离.同时,对该机部分关键零件进行了设计,对样机在玉米茬地和马铃薯地的工作性能进行了试验研究.试验结果满足当地农民的使用要求,试验数据对设计多行马铃薯收获机具有参考和借鉴作用.     

A logistic analysis of the factors determining the decision of smallholder farmers to intercrop: A case study involving rubber–tea intercropping in Sri Lanka

The factors influencing the decision of smallholder farmers to adopt new farming technologies were studied with reference to rubber–tea intercropping in Sri Lanka. Rubber–tea intercropping has been recommended previously to rubber farmers as a means to improve productivity and income during the early pre-tapping phase of rubber growth. Although crop trials have shown that the two crops are agronomically compatible and potentially produce a combined economic yield superior to the yield of a sole crop grown on the same area of land, there is little evidence of widespread adoption of this practice among smallholder farmers in Sri Lanka. The aim of the study was to determine the major factors that influence the decision to undertake rubber–tea intercropping and to construct a predictive model that describes the likelihood of adoption of intercropping by traditional smallholder rubber growers. A rapid rural appraisal (RRA) was undertaken based on semi-structured interviews of 90 smallholder farmers in the main rubber growing low wet zone of Sri Lanka. Among a number of factors shown to significantly influence the decision to intercrop tea with rubber, three were shown to operate independently, namely level of income, source of income (i.e. solely from own farm or from farm plus additional off-farm enterprises), and availability of land considered suitable for tea cultivation. A statistical model developed through correlation and logistic analysis, which predicts the likelihood of a smallholder adopting intercropping based on these factors, is presented and discussed. The most likely combination of circumstances (82% probability) under which rubber–tea intercropping is practiced is shown to be where the farmer’s income is greater than Rs. 10,000 per month, where the farmer’s income is based solely on own farm enterprises, and where more than 80% of the farmer’s land area was judged to be suitable for tea cultivation. Conversely, 30% of smallholder farmers that chose not to intercrop did possess land suitable for tea cultivation. Qualitative responses to the RRA indicated that limitation of technical knowledge was the main problem subsequently faced by rubber farmers who had adopted rubber–tea intercropping. Results indicate that there is need for both income support through farm subsidies and further agricultural extension services, if rubber–tea intercropping is to be adopted more widely in Sri Lanka. The wider usefulness of the developed logistic model in determining the likelihood of adoption of intercropping by smallholder farmers is discussed.     

玉米间作菊花脑高效栽培方法对玉米杂草的影响

研究了玉米间作菊花脑的高效栽培方法对玉米杂草的影响,以探究此间作方法对杂草的防效及间作经济效益,为在生产实践中进一步推广应用提供理论依据。结果表明,玉米菊花脑间作处理(T)较玉米单作处理(CK),玉米产量增加,每667 m2产值增加2496元,增收效果明显;间作处理的玉米维生素C、粗淀粉、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量分别提高了41.7%、3.6%、6.2%、14.2%;在玉米各时期CK处理杂草发生种类和相对密度均高于T处理;玉米成熟期T处理防草效果最好,株数防效和鲜质量防效分别达87.64%和90.28%,有效减少杂草生长。综上所述,玉米间作菊花脑的高效栽培方法有效减少了除草剂的用量,菊花脑经济效益更高,能在保证玉米产量的同时,显著提高农民收入。     

马铃薯脱毒组培快繁技术与实践

病毒病是为害马铃薯生长的主要病害之一,长期的无性繁育,使病毒长期积累,导致马铃薯世代带毒繁育,严重影响了马铃薯的品种特性。在了解马铃薯病毒病的基础上,采用热处理加茎尖培养的方式获得马铃薯脱毒苗;在此基础上,利用植物组织培养技术,在一定时间内繁育生产所需种苗,并通过炼苗、移栽等环节,建立马铃薯脱毒种苗繁育体系,从而获得脱毒马铃薯良种。     

马铃薯原生质体培养体系改良

试验以马铃薯试管苗叶片为原生质体来源，通过研究材料预处理方法对原生质体产量和质量的影响，培养方式及培养基中糖醇与细胞分裂的愈伤组织形成的关系，优化并建立了高效稳定的原生质体培养体系，获得了2个双单倍体系的叶肉原生质体再生植株。     

内源生长物质在马铃薯试管块茎形成中的作用

对鄂马铃薯1号(E1)及南中552(N552)在不同光照处理下试管苗的结薯情况及内源生长物质的变化进行了研究。结果显示，各诱导物质在整个培养期间变化较大，其中以块茎大量形成期增加最为明显。试验发现，内源GA3水平负相关于单株结薯数，但为匍匐茎伸长所必需，JA含量则与块茎形成呈正相关。而GA3与ABA及JA的比值皆显著负相关于单株结薯数。说明各生长物质为试管苗正常生长发育的基础，而它们之间的平衡水平则可能调控着块茎的形成。     

Effect of Phosphorus Fertilizer Rate on Irrigated Russet Burbank Potato

Phosphorus (P) fertilizer is routinely applied to potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Manitoba, Canada; however, little information is available regarding P responses in this region. Field studies were conducted from 2003 through 2006 to determine the impact of P rate [0, 15, 29, 43 kg P ha^?1 as broadcast incorporated monoammonium phosphate (MAP)] on Russet Burbank potato. Increasing P rate resulted in a linear increase in marketable yield in 2005, a quadratic increase in 2006, and no effect in 2003 and 2004. Phosphorus application had no effect on the yield of tubers <85 g, tuber number, or quality, but petiole P concentration and postharvest soil-test P levels increased with increasing P rate. Results of this and other studies show that P fertilization may improve potato yields, although increases are not completely predictable. Additional research is required to refine soil-test guidelines and petiole P sufficiency levels for this region.     

转基因马铃薯中人白介素-12体外诱导人肝癌细胞凋亡的研究

[目的]检测从人白介素-12（human interleukin12,hIL-12）转基因马铃薯中提取的hIL-12的抗肝癌效应。[方法]用MTT法检测转基因马铃薯中hIL-12对人肝癌细胞HepG22.2.15的体外杀伤作用;用AnnexinV/PI双染色法加激光共聚焦显微镜观察转基因马铃薯中hIL-12对HepG22.2.15细胞的诱导凋亡作用。[结果]转基因马铃薯中表达的hIL-12与重组人白介素-12（rhIL-12）在体外对HepG22.2.15具有杀伤作用,而野生对照组无杀伤作用;AnnexinV/PI双染色法加激光共聚焦显微镜观察结果表明,转基因马铃薯中表达hIL-12可诱导HepG22.2.15细胞凋亡。[结论]转基因马铃薯表达体系表达的人白介素-12具有抗肝癌细胞增殖、促进肝癌细胞凋亡的作用。     

品种、培养基质和接种量对马铃薯脱毒基础苗生长的影响

以马铃薯早熟品种大西洋、中熟品种克新1号、晚熟品种青薯168脱毒基础苗为试验材料,研究品种、培养基质和接种量对马铃薯脱毒基础苗苗鲜重、根鲜重、苗干重、根干重、叶片数、株高、茎粗、根长和根条数等性状指标的影响,培养14 d时,测定各性状指标。结果表明:三个品种的主要农艺性状均在液体培养基上表现为最佳,其平均单株鲜重、干重、株高、茎粗、节长和根条数分别为:159.4 mg、9.1 mg、7.3 cm、1.16 mm、1.4 cm、5.6条。在液体培养基上,降低了马铃薯工厂化生产成本,同时还可缩短马铃薯脱毒基础苗培养时间7~9 d。接种量对马铃薯单株根鲜重、苗干重、叶片数、株高、茎粗、根长有显著性影响(P<0.05);不同成熟期品种苗鲜重、根鲜重、根干重、叶片数、株高、茎粗、根长和根条数受品种影响显著(P<0.05);不同成熟期品种、不同接种密度处理对马铃薯单株根鲜重、苗干重、根干重、叶片数、株高、茎粗、根长影响有显著性交互作用(P<0.05);早熟品种大西洋,接种密度为0.67株/cm2时,中熟品种克新1号和晚熟品种青薯168接种密度为0.80株/cm2时,综合农艺性状表现最好。