杉木不同器官愈伤组织和再生芽的诱导效率

以杉木未成熟胚、种子发芽的下胚轴、子叶以及组培苗茎段为外植体,研究基本培养基、不同激素组合及浓度对杉木愈伤组织的诱导及再生芽发生的影响。结果表明:不同激素组合及浓度对不同外植体的愈伤组织诱导率有显著影响,对未成熟胚愈伤组织诱导最佳的培养基为MS+2,4-D 2 mg·L~(-1)+6-BA 1 mg·L~(-1)+KT 1 mg·L~(-1),诱导率为92.7%;对子叶、下胚轴愈伤组织诱导最佳的培养基为MS+6-BA 2 mg·L~(-1)+NAA 2 mg·L~(-1)+TDZ 0.01 mg·L~(-1),诱导率分别为97.4%和95.2%;对组培苗茎段愈伤组织诱导最佳的培养基为MS+2,4-D 1 mg·L~(-1)+NAA 2 mg·L~(-1)+TDZ 0.01 mg·L~(-1),诱导率为86.7%;MS+6-BA 0.5 mg·L~(-1)+KT 1.5 mg·L~(-1)是愈伤组织诱导再生芽的最佳培养基,诱导率为80%。质地疏松的愈伤组织其再生芽率最高(65%),单个质地均匀的愈伤组织其再生芽数可达6个;基本培养基对愈伤组织质地形态有较大影响,1/2MS培养基诱导出愈伤组织质地较疏松,MS培养基诱导出的愈伤组织质地均匀且表面可见颗粒状细胞团,DCR培养基诱导出的愈伤组织质地较密。     

杉木无性系对落针病抗性的研究

通过杉木无性系测定林中２５个无性系感染落针病的病情调查,分析其对树木生长的影响,同时采用人工室内接种方法测定无性系的抗病性。结果表明：杉木不同无性系间的病情指数存在极显著差异。该病极显著地影响树木生长,病情指数与胸径生长量呈显著直线负相关。室内接种各无性系间发病率差异极显著,与林分中病情指数存在极显著正相关,相关系数为０．８２３４。这表明杉木抗病性能的测定可以在室内接种进行。     

灵雷菌质提取物体内抗肿瘤作用的实验研究

采用小鼠肉瘤(S180)移植性肿瘤模型,观察灵雷菌质乙酸乙酯部位、正丁醇部位、石油醚部位和水部位提取物的肿瘤抑制作用,并测定小鼠的胸腺指数及脾脏指数。结果表明所有的提取物都呈现出明显的抑瘤效果,抑瘤率均大于35%,其中部分正丁醇部位的抑瘤率达到了68.88%。抑瘤效果由弱至强的顺序为石油醚部位<水部位<乙酸乙酯部位<正丁醇部位,而胸腺指数与脾脏指数则显示只有乙酸乙酯部位组有较明显的免疫抑制效果。双向性固体发酵可降低雷公藤的毒性,尤其正丁醇部位和水部位的毒性可能较弱。     

Effect of changes in hook pattern and size on catch rate, hooking location, injury and bleeding for a number of tropical reef fish species

The Queensland Great Barrier Reef line fishery in Australia is regulated via a range of input and output controls including minimum size limits, daily catch limits and commercial catch quotas. As a result of these measures a substantial proportion of the catch is released or discarded. The fate of these released fish is uncertain, but hook-related mortality can potentially be decreased by using hooks that reduce the rates of injury, bleeding and deep hooking. There is also the potential to reduce the capture of non-target species though gear selectivity. A total of 1053 individual fish representing five target species and three non-target species were caught using six hook types including three hook patterns (non-offset circle, J and offset circle), each in two sizes (small 4/0 or 5/0 and large 8/0). Catch rates for each of the hook patterns and sizes varied between species with no consistent results for target or non-target species. When data for all of the fish species were aggregated there was a trend for larger hooks, J hooks and offset circle hooks to cause a greater number of injuries. Using larger hooks was more likely to result in bleeding, although this trend was not statistically significant. Larger hooks were also more likely to foul-hook fish or hook fish in the eye. There was a reduction in the rates of injuries and bleeding for both target and non-target species when using the smaller hook sizes. For a number of species included in our study the incidence of deep hooking decreased when using non-offset circle hooks, however, these results were not consistent for all species. Our results highlight the variability in hook performance across a range of tropical demersal finfish species. The most obvious conservation benefits for both target and non-target species arise from using smaller sized hooks and non-offset circle hooks. Fishers should be encouraged to use these hook configurations to reduce the potential for post-release mortality of released fish.     

青稞酸性磷酸酶基因HvnACP2克隆和亚细胞定位研究

为了探索青稞酸性磷酸酶基因 HvnACP2的基因和蛋白结构特点，为青稞磷吸收利用机制研究提供基础。以青稞‘肚里黄’叶片为材料，根据植物基因组数据库Gramene中的大麦 HvACP2基因和启动子区域序列设计引物，通过PCR获得青稞 HvnACP2基因和启动子区域序列。采用生物信息学软件对 HvnACP2基因启动子区域元件以及蛋白理化性质、跨膜结构、磷酸化位点、信号肽、二级、三级结构进行分析。结果表明： HvnACP2有2个外显子和1个内含子，启动子区域有与分生组织、光响应、厌氧、茉莉酸和脱落酸相关的顺式作用元件。HvnACP2蛋白由454个氨基酸组成，分子质量为51 285.15 u,总原子数为7 058,亲水系数为-0.451,理论等电点为6.17,不稳定指数34.54,脂溶性指数为67.05。具有12个磷酸化位点和信号肽，不具有跨膜结构。 HvnACP2中α螺旋、延长链、β转角、无规则卷曲所占比例分别为18.72%、53.96%、23.57%、3.74%。 HvnACP2和其他物种的同源蛋白都有紫色酸性磷酸酶N末端结构域和金属酸性磷酸酶结构域，将 HvnACP2与其他植物的氨基酸序...