晋中梨小食心虫寄生性天敌昆虫调查

梨小食心虫是北方果树最严重的食心虫之一,为了探索和利用其天敌昆虫资源,选择山西省太谷地区具有代表性的2类样地,对其天敌资源进行了调查。研究发现,该地区的2种优势寄生性天敌种为舞毒蛾黑瘤姬蜂和亮黑伊乐寄蝇,该2种天敌室内羽化的高峰期多分布在0:00—13:00时段。在果树自然放养的A地,2种天敌并存,但以亮黑伊乐寄蝇为优势种。在人工管理频繁的B地,舞毒蛾黑瘤姬蜂为优势天敌种,亮黑伊乐寄蝇极少发生,并且天敌推迟发生。调查还发现,在梨小食心虫种群的盛发期,其数量变化和2种天敌的发生呈负相关,7月份后,2种天敌可对梨小食心虫形成明显的控制作用。     

临沧低热烟区斜纹夜蛾发生规律研究

[目的]探讨临沧市低热烟区斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura Fabricius)发生为害规律。[方法]在自然烟田环境中进行斜纹夜蛾成虫性诱剂监测、田间发生为害调查及自然种群连续世代发育进度观察。[结果]在1 000～1 300 m低海拔的烤烟大田生育期,斜纹夜蛾发生4代,各代历期33 d左右,主害代为第3代。[结论]为低热烟区斜纹夜蛾的综合治理提供了借鉴。     

氯虫苯甲酰胺对小菜蛾的室内毒力测定及防治效果

为研究5%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂（SC）对小菜蛾的防治效果,利用4种药剂进行了室内毒力测定和田间药效试验。室内毒力测定结果表明：药后48 h 5%氯虫苯甲酰胺SC对小菜蛾的毒力最高,LC50为0.563 0 mg·L-1|其次是10%多杀霉素水分散粒剂（WG）,LC50为0.856 7 mg·L-1|1.9%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油（EC）和1%阿维菌素EC的毒力较低。田间药效试验结果表明：5%氯虫苯甲酰胺SC 1 000倍液对小菜蛾的防效最好,达到95.04%,显著优于其他3种药剂|10%多杀霉素WG 5 000倍液的防效次之,为82.01%|而1.9%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐EC 1 500倍液和1%阿维菌素EC 750倍液的防效较低,分别为71.67%和63.95%。     

家蚕平附种母蛾微粒子病集团抽样检验方法改进研究

以超几何分布和二项分布为基本数学模型,综合现行家蚕母蛾微粒子病集团检验方法的优点,结合广西蚕种生产实际,以集团为单位,设计形成适合平附种的计数二次抽样检验方法。分别从理论和实际两个方面对新方案进行了比较分析。结果表明新方案解决了现行方法有毒集团与有毒蛾数不对等的问题,改进了农业行业标准散卯种方法过于严格,生产方风险过大的问题,改进了农业行业标准平附种方法过于宽松,使用方风险失控的问题,同时检验结果准确,检验工作量少,具有较高的准确性和较好的经济性。     

室内繁育白蛾周氏啮小蜂化蛹(前)低温保存的探讨

白蛾周氏啮小蜂群集内寄生于美国白蛾蛹中,其卵、幼虫、蛹及产卵前期均在寄主蛹内度过。在自然界中,以老熟幼虫在寄主蛹内越冬。作者经多年研究得知,在当地白蛾周氏啮小蜂发育起点温度是:6.28℃(6.28±0.60);有效积温是:365.12日度(365.12±15.56)。白蛾周氏啮小蜂化蛹(前),在6℃的低温保存下,历经30天的时间;出蜂的有效积温为436.6日度。     

全天冷藏对家蚕雌蛾产卵及次代经济性状的影响

本试验以家蚕品种"湘·7、芙·9"为试验材料,通过对"湘·7"原种雌蛾冷藏后产卵成绩及其次代蚕的性状表现情况调查,结果表明,雌蛾在6℃温度条件下24h内冷藏完全可行,且对次代蚕的性状表现无明显的负面影响.     

不同寄主植物对小菜蛾生长发育和繁殖的影响

小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella L.)是世界范围内十字花科植物的头号害虫,试验在26℃、光照明暗比为16L∶8D、湿度为70%的条件下,以甘蓝(Brassica oleracea L.)(‘秦甘70’‘秦甘80’‘绿球66’)、小青菜(Brassica chinensis L.)(‘上海四月慢’)、花椰菜(Brassica oleracea L.var.botrytis)(‘荷兰83号’)和油菜(Brassica napus L.)(‘青杂7号’)6个不同品种4类十字花科蔬菜为食料,观察小菜蛾一个完整世代的不同生命参数,并分析取食不同十字花科寄主的小菜蛾生长发育状况及繁殖差异。结果表明:在6个不同品种4类十字花科中,取食‘荷兰83号’花椰菜的小菜蛾试验组幼虫历期、蛹历期、蛹质量、卵历期及全世代历期最短,其全世代存活率最高;取食‘上海4月慢’小青菜的小菜蛾试验组幼虫存活率、化蛹率、蛹羽化率、卵孵化率及全世代存活率最低,其成虫历期、卵历期及全世代历期为最长。在4类十字花科寄主中,小菜蛾的最适寄主植物为‘荷兰83号’花椰菜,最不适宜小菜蛾生长发育及繁殖的为‘上海四月慢’小青菜。     

Banishing barberry: The history of Berberis vulgaris prevalence and wheat stem rust incidence across Britain

Wheat stem rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), is a notoriously damaging disease of wheat and barley. Pgt requires two hosts to complete its lifecycle; undergoing asexual reproduction on cereal crops and completing sexual reproduction on Berberis spp. The latter stage of its lifecycle is of particular importance in temperate regions such as western Europe, where asexual urediniospores are unable to survive cold winter weather. In the past, the crucial role of Berberis in the lifecycle of stem rust led to intensive eradication campaigns, initially carried out by farmers in the face of hostile scientific opinion. In the United Kingdom, common barberry (Berberis vulgaris) is today a relatively rare plant. Stem rust is, however, currently experiencing a resurgence; at the same time, there has been a general increase in the prevalence of barberry and an upsurge in its planting which, in the United Kingdom, is associated with attempts to encourage the endangered barberry carpet moth (Pareulype berberata). This article situates current developments within a broader chronological framework, examining changing attitudes towards barberry and rust in England in the past and the history of the plant's use and cultivation. It assesses how widespread B. vulgaris really was in the environment historically, and thus the scale of its eradication. We suggest that Berberis was never widely established as an archaeophyte in the United Kingdom. Current attempts to re-establish it are based on a misunderstanding of the plant's historical status and could potentially pose a serious threat to food security.