超高产栽培氮肥运筹对春玉米穗部性状及产量的影响

以金山27为试验材料,连续2年研究了超高产栽培氮肥运筹对春玉米穗部性状及产量的影响。结果表明,各处理春玉米的穗长、穗粗、粒长、穗粒数、千粒重均以Opt-N(优化施氮,种肥、拔节肥、大口肥的比例为1∶3∶6)最大,秃尖长度以0-N最长,Opt-N最短;产量以Opt-N最高,130%Opt-N次之,0-N最低;经济系数以Opt-N最大,0-N最小。     

Variation in seed and seedling traits among natural populations of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trigonobalanus doichangensis</Emphasis> (A. Camus) Forman (Fagaceae), a rare and endangered plant in southwest China

The extent of genetic variation in seed and seedling traits of Trigonobalanus doichangensis, a rare and endangered tree in southwest China, was evaluated at the population level. Seeds were collected from four natural populations in the south and southwest Yunnan province, China. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between populations were observed in seed length, seed weight and seedling morphological characters. The analyses revealed that none of the seed and seedling traits had significant correlations with the geo-climatic variables of the populations. Among seed and seedling traits, significant correlations (P < 0.05) were discovered among seed length, seed weight and height of 30-day-old seedlings. Significant correlation (r = 1.00, P < 0.01) occurred also between the height and root collar diameter of 4-year-old seedlings. With the exception of seed width and seed germination percentage, 51–96% of total variation in other seed and seedling related traits was attributed to population effect, as determined by the broad sense heritability. In conclusion, these observations on variation in seed and seedling traits should be a reference point, when considering seed collection of this species for ex situ conservation and species restoration.     

十和田近等基因系糙米锌含量QTL定位

以十和田为轮回亲本,丽粳2号为供体亲本培育出糙米锌含量近等基因系群体BC5F6为材料,从遍布水稻12条染色体上的600对引物中筛选到一个与糙米锌含量有关的SSR标记RM4608.根据其在水稻染色体上的位置,结合PCR扩增结果又发现了与糙米锌含量有关的4个SSR标记(RM19491,RM19489,RM6119和RM19487).用MAPMAKER3.0软件做出了这5个标记的连锁群,最后采用混合线性模型定位法找到了糙米锌含量的QTL位点.QTL分析结果显示:该位点位于6号染色体上RM4608和RM6119标记之间,贡献率为5%,为新发现的与糙米锌含量有关的微效基因位点,暂命名为qZINC-6.同时与糙米铬和镁含量有关的QTL位点也被发现,其中糙米铬含量QTL位于标记RM19489和RM19491之间,贡献率为9%,是一个主效基因;糙米镁含量QTL位于标记RM4608-RM6119之间,是一个微效基因,贡献率为4%.     

Changes in root growth and relationships between plant organs and root hydraulic traits in American elm (Ulmus americana L.) and red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings due to elevated CO2 level

The relationships between plant organs and root hydrological traits are not well known and the question arises whether elevated CO2 changes these relationships. This study attempted to answer this question. A pseudo-replicated experiment was conducted with two times 24 American elm (Ulmus americana L.) and 23 and 24 red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings growing in ambient CO2 (around 360 μmol·L–1) and 540 ± 7.95 μmol·L–1 CO₂ in a greenhouse. After 71 days of treatment for American elm and 77 days for red oak, 14 American elm and 12 red oak seedlings from each of the two CO2 levels were randomly selected in order to examine the flow rate of root xylem sap, root hydraulic conductance, total root hydraulic conductivity, fine root and coarse root hydraulic conductivity. All seedlings were harvested to investigate total plant biomass, stem biomass and leaf biomass, leaf area, height, basal diameter, total root biomass, coarse root biomass and fine root biomass. The following conclusions are reached: 1) plant organs respond to the elevated CO2 level earlier than hydraulic traits of roots and may gradually lead to changes in hydraulic traits; 2) plant organs have different relationships with hydraulic traits of roots and elevated CO2 changes these relationships; the changes may be of importance for plants as means to acclimatize to changing environments; 3) biomass of coarse roots increased rather more than that of fine roots; 4) Lorentzian and Caussian models are better in estimating the biomass of seedlings than single-variable models.     

李属植物叶片红色性状RAPD分子标记研究

以李属(Prunus)植物‘红叶李’(P.salicina×P.atropurupurea)和‘安哥诺李’(Prunus salicinacv.‘angenuo’)正反交的56株F1代群体为试材,结合分离群体分组分析法(Bulked Segregate Analysis,BSA)构建"红叶"和"绿叶"近等基因池,应用RAPD标记技术,进行了李属植物叶片红色性状相连锁的分子标记研究。通过对350个随机引物的筛选,获得一个在红叶基因池中能稳定扩增的RAPD标记,该片段大小约为2 300 bp。经过重复性验证和群体单株验证,该标记片段仅在红叶个体(重组型除去)中出现,表明与李属植物叶片红色性状相连锁。     

玉米杂交种产量与产量构成因素的相关和通径分析

通过玉米产量构成因素与产量的相关和通径分析,研究产量构成因素对产量的作用方式和大小,为玉米高产育种提供理论依据.本试验以85个玉米杂交组合为研究对象,通过随机区组试验进行鉴定,收集参试品种的穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、500粒重、出籽率等6个主要产量构成因素与单株产量,采用DPS数据处理软件的回归分析程序进行遗传相关和通径分析.结果表明:对产量影响最大的因素是行粒数,其次是粒重和穗粗,它们与产量呈极显著正相关(r=0.421 1,0.450 2,0.473 7),对产量的直接通径系数也较大(P=0.562 5,0.449 9,0.370 8);增加行粒数、粒重和穗粗,并兼顾其他农艺性状是提高玉米产量的有效途径.     

陆地棉产量相关性状的QTL定位

中棉所28和湘杂棉2号分别是以中棉所12×4133和中棉所12×8891配制而成的两个陆地棉强优势杂交种。以其F₂为作图群体,筛选6000多对SSR引物,利用两群体间27个共有多态位点,通过JoinMap 3.0软件整合了一张包含245个多态位点、全长1847.81 cM的遗传图谱。利用Win QTLCart 2.5复合区间作图法分别对两群体8个产量相关性状在F₂和F_2:3中进行QTL定位,在中棉所28群体多环境平均值的联合分析中检测到16个QTL,三环境分离分析中检测到43个QTL;在湘杂棉2号群体分别检测到20个和66个QTL。在A3、D8、D9等染色体上有QTL成簇分布现象,同时在两个群体中发现一些不受环境影响且稳定遗传的QTL。对考察的8个性状在两个群体中发现12对共有QTL,控制果枝数、衣分和籽指的QTL增效基因位点均来源于共同亲本中棉所12。综合分析推测中棉所12的育种价值主要是通过提高后代的结铃性来实现的。研究结果为棉花产量性状的分子设计育种提供了有用的信息。     

渐渗系IL6的遗传评价和渗入片段的鉴定

 用海岛棉3-79的6号染色体渐渗系(简称IL6)和背景亲本TM-1构建了F₂、F_2：3群体,在2年的田间重复实验中调查了18个重要农艺性状,作遗传评价。并获得F₂群体的分子数据,进行QTL定位和单标记分析。结果表明:亲本IL6中的渐渗片段,组成有3-79的6号染色体,3-79的非6号染色体和大部分的TM-1片段。IL6的产量、品质性状都优于受体亲本TM-1,遗传分析也发现产量、品质性状增效基因位点来自IL6,说明所渗入片段起着关键作用。亲本农艺性状表现和遗传分析结果表明,IL6渗入片段含有总铃数、单株铃数、衣分、果枝数、比强度、麦克隆值等性状的主基因。而QTL定位和单标记分析结果显示,IL6渗入片段含有单株铃数、衣分、果枝数、株高、子指、整齐度等性状的QTLs。     

辽西北地区麦棉菜套复种高效栽培研究

[目的]提高小麦（粮食）产量,利用棉花及麦茬作物提高经济效益。[方法]试验设麦棉套种麦茬复种白菜、小麦清种麦茬复种白菜、棉花清种3个处理,研究各作物的生育进程及表现。[结果]最佳麦棉套种模式：设2．6m一带,麦畦宽1．6m,种10行;棉垄1．0m,种双行;麦茬根据市场需求复种适宜夏种秋收的蔬菜。[结论]这种栽培模式既增加了麦、棉的纯面积产量,又提高了单位土地面积的经济效益,是一种较好的高产高效栽培模式。     

豫南杉木经济成熟龄研究

利用Richards等经典方程拟合豫南杉木生长的基本模型,预估各立地指数级杉木蓄积量,并结合杉木生产经营的各经济指标,采用净现值和内部收益率分析杉木经济成熟龄。结果表明,8立地指数级以下不宜栽植杉木,10—14立地指数级豫南杉木经济成熟龄可确定为14～18年,随着立地指数的提高,经济成熟龄降低1～2年。