印度块菌与园叶杨合成茵根苗技术初探

印度块茵（Tuber indicum Vittad．）是一种经济价值较高的茵根食用茵。对印度块茵与园叶杨（Populus bonatiiLevi）合成茵根苗的技术进行了研究,结果显示,用印度块茵孢子液接种园叶杨树苗后,第1个月至第2个月可形成淡黄色、黄褐色外生茵根。外生茵根为单轴状、羽状和不规则分支状,单根茵根长0．3mm～2mm,直径为0．15mm-0．3mm;平坦或从菌根延伸出外延茵丝,其外延茵丝为半透明,刚毛状、棉花状。茵根老化后变红褐或萎缩;外延茵丝呈透明、半透明、刚毛状、棉花状是印度决茵与园叶杨形成的茵根最重要的形态特征。     

Several Influencing Factors on Fluorescent in situ Hybridization Experimental System Applied to Dendranthema spp.

Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was applied to investigate the phylogenetic relationship among Dendranthema spp. Genomic DNA of wild species which was used as probe did not give specific signals, while 18S-26S rDNA from Arabidopsis, which was used as control probe, showed the loci on the target chromosomes clearly. Satisfied results of FISH were gotten when denaturing digoxingenen-labeled probe and chromosome together in oven at 80℃ for 10-15min. There is little influence on the result by the stringency of washing when rDNA was used as probe. The result also indicates the limitation of genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) when used as an approach to analyze the phylogenetic relationship among Dendranthema spp. and the origin of cultivated chrysanthemum.     

Inheritance mode of seed dormancy in the hybrid progeny of sesame,Sesamum indicum,and its wild relative,Sesamum mulayanum Nair

Sesamum mulayanum is a wild relative of cultivated sesame, Sesamum indicum, and sometimes grows in sesame crop fields as an associated weed. This species shows deep seed dormancy and is characterized by conspicuous purple pigmentation on the lower lip of the corolla. The present study examined the inheritance mode of seed dormancy by using reciprocal progeny from crosses between the two species. The seeds of S. indicum and F₁ (S. indicum×S. mulayanum) showed good germination, but those of S. mulayanum and F₁ (S. mulayanum×S. indicum) showed deep dormancy. The F₂ seeds from both reciprocal crosses showed deep dormancy. These results, combined with the maternal inheritance of seed‐coat characteristics, indicated that the seed dormancy of S. mulayanum can be attributed to its seed‐coat structure (coat‐enhanced dormancy). The F₃ (S. indicum×S. mulayanum) seeds varied in their depth of seed dormancy and those seeds with deep dormancy (<50% germination) and those with no or shallow dormancy (≥50% germination) occurred in the expected ratio of 3:1, indicating that this trait is polygenic but is controlled by a single dominant major gene. The purple pigmentation of the corolla was expressed in both reciprocal F₁ plants and the presence and absence of pigmentation was segregated among the F₂ plants at the expected ratio of 3:1, indicating that this trait is also controlled by a single dominant gene. The segregation of the major gene controlling seed dormancy and that controlling purple pigmentation was not independent (9:3:3:1), indicating that these genes are linked, providing insights on sesame domestication.     

国内芝麻研究核心期刊载文计量分析

基于文献计量学分析方法,以中国学术期刊电子杂志社的《中国期刊全文数据库》为数据来源,对2001～2010年总计10年来我国有关芝麻(Sesamum indicum)核心期刊研究文献的年份数量、研究领域、核心期刊、文献主要产出单位、核心作者群分布情况进行统计分析,得出总文献量469篇,第1作者312人,确定了11位核心作者、19种核心期刊9个第1作者核心单位。     

芝麻核心种质株高构成相关性状的遗传变异及关联定位

以我国216份芝麻核心种质为材料,分析芝麻株高及其构成相关性状的变异、相互关系等,利用79对EST-SSR、AFLP和SRAP引物对供试材料基因组进行检测并进行标记-性状关联分析,检测群体中与株高构成性状相关的DNA变异位点.结果表明,株高及其构成性状的变异均呈现连续变化,变异丰富,变异系数均在10％以上;相关性分析和多元回归拟合株高及其构成因素间的关系表明,主茎始蒴高度、主茎果轴长度是影响株高差异的主要因素.利用GLM(Q)和MLM(Q+K)模型共检测到34个变异位点同时与供试群体两年的株高构成显著关联,对表型变异解释率在1.89％～5.29％,平均为2.82％,其中与主茎始蒴高度显著关联的标记位点M20E12-3被2种模型均检测到.此外,研究发现株高构成因素受基因型、环境和两者互作影响,且均达到极显著水平.     

菊属种间杂种的鉴定

利用RAPD技术、细胞学及形态学手段对菊属种间杂种进行鉴定。RAPD标记结果表明：杂种表现出父本特异带或双亲均不具备的新谱带。细胞学鉴定结果表明：杂种染色体数目为亲本平均值。形态学性状观察、统计表明：大多数杂种性状介于双亲之间,但部分性状则较为明显地相似于多倍体;部分杂种表现父本特异性状,或出现双亲所不具备的新性状;二倍体野生种与栽培菊花杂种形态分离广泛,说明多倍体栽培菊花具复杂的遗传背景。     

野菊多糖对白术土传病害的防效试验

本文研究了野菊多糖对白术土传病害的防治效果,试验分为温室盆栽试验和大田试验两部分。温室盆栽试验表明,0.2、2和20 mg/mL的野菊多糖药剂在药后10 d对白术土传病害的防控效果分别为6.277%、83.863%和71.839%;田间试验表明,0.4、2和20 mg/mL的野菊多糖药剂在用药后60 d对白术土传病害的防效分别达到57.836%、74.925%和82.470%,其中2和20 mg/mL的野菊多糖药剂对白术病害的防效显著高于常用药剂百菌清。同时野菊多糖对田间白术有较好的促生作用,0.4、2和20 mg/mL的野菊多糖药剂分别比百菌清药剂组单位面积产量增产了17.647%、14.706%和32.353%。     

不同扦插方法对菊花生根的影响

全光喷雾条件下进行了不同基质、不同长度（下端节到剪口）、不同的剪口形状的菊花（Dendranthemamorifolium（Ramat）Tzvel.）扦插试验。结果表明,蛭石基质中菊花插穗的平均发根数极显著高于河沙和育苗土（P〈0.01）,河沙基质的插穗平均最长根长极显著高于育苗土（P〈0.01）,蛭石和育苗土的生根率极显著高于河沙（P〈0.01）。不同的长度（下端节到剪口）插穗的平均发根数、平均最长根长和生根率均无显著差异（P〉0.05）：平口与斜口之间的最长根长有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。插穗的根长和发根数存在着线性关系,其回归方程为y=5.516＋0.208x。     

部分菊属与亚菊属植物的形态学聚类及亲缘关系分析

对18份菊属植物、2份亚菊属植物及2个两属间杂种的24个形态性状和1个生物学性状进行统计,并对获得的信息数据运用数量分类学聚类方法进行聚类分析.结果表明:Dendranthema arcticum与其他菊属植物的形态相差较大,单独成一类,其他21份材料聚为一类;野菊与菊花腩、异色菊与甘菊、龙脑菊与那贺川野菊两两间形态相似;毛华菊与日本野生菊属植物有较近亲缘关系,日本野生菊属植物较我国野生菊属植物进化;亚菊属矶菊与纪伊潮菊间形态相似,且与菊属植物形态相近,表明两属间有很近亲缘关系.本研究的形态性状聚类结果与传统分类结果基本吻合,表明所涉及的性状指标可以作为菊属系统发生关系研究的有效辅助指标.     

多效唑对夹竹桃整形促花的技术研究

［目的］探讨多效唑对夹竹桃整形促花的效果。［方法］以10年生夹竹桃为材料,设置3个生长时期、多效唑叶面喷施（叶施）和土壤浇施（土施）2种施用方式、各5种浓度共计12种处理,研究多效唑对夹竹桃枝条生长量、单枝花序数、单枝花量、始花期和终花期的影响。［结果］新梢萌动时叶施1 500 mg/L、土施1.5和3.0 g、新梢长10-15 cm时叶施1 500 mg/L和冬剪时土施1.5和3.0 g多效唑的6种处理方式,对夹竹桃的整形效果较好。处理后于开花期的观察表明,新梢萌动时叶施1 500 mg/L、土施1.5 g和新梢长10-15 cm时叶施1 500 mg/L PP333的3种处理均对夹竹桃达到了整形促花的良好效果。［结论］在生产中对长势旺的夹竹桃可适当加大多效唑施用量,而对弱树和小树应加强水肥管理,采取减量或不施多效唑为宜。