2种钙肥对菜心生长及品质的影响

采用73.0 mg/L的果蔬钙肥及1.25 g/L、2.5 g/L和3.75 g/L 3种浓度的氯化钙溶液对菜心进行叶面喷施,研究不同钙肥处理对菜心生长及品质的影响。试验结果表明,不同的钙肥处理均可促进菜心的生长发育,提高叶绿素含量、增加菜心的产量、改善菜心品质,但存在差异,73.0 mg/L的果蔬钙肥处理效果最好,低浓度氯化钙处理对菜心产量和品质影响很小,中浓度氯化钙处理影响比较大,高浓度氯化钙处理比中浓度处理效果差。在不同的生长发育期,作用效应有所不同,在菜心生长的初期各钙肥处理影响不大,生长中后期影响比较大。     

白菜叶和茎中微量元素Cu、Mn含量的测定

为研究白菜的食品应用及工业应用价值,采用HNO3-HCl O4(4∶1)湿法消解样品,火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定白菜叶和茎中微量元素Cu、Mn的含量。试验结果表明,白菜叶和茎中Mn、Cu含量存在明显差异,Mn的含量均大于Cu的含量,且这两种元素在叶中的含量均高于茎。     

小白菜潮汐式栽培专用基质的筛选

对3种不同栽培基质和常规栽培基质（市场销售）在潮汐式灌溉模式下进行小白菜栽培试验,比较小白菜的植物学性状,筛选出适用于潮汐式灌溉的小白菜专用型栽培基质。研究结果表明,处理2（40%茶渣蚓粪、20%泥炭、20%蛭石、20%珍珠岩）培育的小白菜株高、生物量、株幅、SPAD 值均显著优于其他处理,栽培效果显著提高,可推荐作为潮汐式灌溉小白菜栽培的专用型基质。     

中国生态农业与面源污染减排

2007年世界环境日中国的主题为"污染减排与环境友好型社会",农业污染减排是其中一个无法回避的问题。农业污染即面源污染,或称非点源污染,主要有过量施用化肥和农药造成的土壤和水体污染、农业生产废弃物造成的污染和农业温室气体排放等三大类。当前中国严重的面源污染问题是由农业生产方式决定的。中国生态农业是具有中国特色的可持续农业,因充分利用废弃物、综合效益提高、减施化肥和农药等特征,而具备实现面源污染减排的功能。中国生态农业是中国解决面源污染减排和农业可持续发展的最重要途径。针对中国生态农业发展中的问题,应该提高认识、建立和完善支撑体系并积极推广中国生态农业经典模式,加快中国农业发展,推进面源污染减排。     

Determination of the genetic variation in the effect of temperature and daylength on bolting of Brassica campestris L.

Summary Effects of temperature and daylength on the bolting of a number of B. campestris accessions were investigated both in the open and in the IVT phytotron. From the results it was concluded that low temperature and genotype are the predominant factors with respect to bolting. Daylength has rather limited influence. One cultivar bolted more than 12 weeks earlier at 10 and 14°C than at 18°C. On the other hand some cultivars did not require vernalization at all.At 14°C and short daylength, depending on genotype, the period of time between sowing and 50% bolting ranged from 8 to 30 weeks. At this temperature the stimulating effect of long day (24 h), depending again on the genotype, ranged from 0 to 4 weeks. The genotypes most resistant to bolting appeared to be the stubble turnips (B. campestris ssp. rapa).In terms of seed(ling) vernalization at 5°C the cold requirement ranged from 0 to more than 3 weeks, depending on the genotype. The required vernalization periods at 5°C can be used as a criterion in screening for resistance to bolting.     

南阳黄牛人培牛黄技术试验报告

通过外科手术的方法,将专用网架、育黄菌种等植入南阳黄牛胆囊内,达到快速成黄、提高产量的目的;育黄术对南阳黄牛的生长发育、繁殖和使役等无明显影响,育黄期12、18、24、36个月每头平均产黄量为6.44、10.93、16.72、28.32g,其质量与天然牛黄相似;统计分析表明:牛黄产量与育黄期之间有强的正相关,每头平均产黄量对育黄期的回归方程为:y1=-2.27 0.7819x,每头月均产黄量对育黄期的回归方程为:y2=0.4074 0.011x;据此可进行产黄量的理论推算和预测。     

中药细胞级粉碎及其发展趋势

细胞级粉碎是一项新兴的物料加工技术。介绍了中药细胞级粉碎的概念、原理、特点、设备及其发展趋势。     

基本培养基和蔗糖浓度在大白菜花药培养中对胚状体诱导的影响

以6个大白菜品种为试材进行花药培养,研究了不同基本培养基和蔗糖浓度对胚状体诱导的影响。结果表明,B5和Keller培养基为适适宜的基本培养基;培养基适宜的蔗糖浓度为8％-12％,最适浓度为10％。     

Nitrogen mineralization in sandy loam soils under an intensive double-cropping forage system with dairy-cattle slurry applications

Nitrogen (N) mineralization and soil mineral N contents were measured at 2-week intervals over a 2-year period (June 1994–May 1996) on two different sites in the North West region of Portugal. The experiment was established in fields, which had for many years been under a double-cropping forage system with maize from May to September and a winter crop (mixture of cereals and Italian ryegrass) during the rest of the year. In addition to N fertilizers, dairy-cattle slurry was applied regularly at the sowing of each crop. On this intensive forage system, quantification of N released from slurry, crop residues and soil organic matter becomes important when better N use efficiency and reduced environmental impact from agricultural practices are required. Net N mineralization rates of the 0–10 cm soil layer fluctuated considerably between consecutive incubation periods and ranged from −0.88 to 1.87 mg N kg⁻¹ day⁻¹ with annual average rates of between 0.41 and 0.65 mg N kg⁻¹ day⁻¹. The total N mineralized in the 10 cm depth soil layer reached values between 122 and 224 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, showing that mineralization was a very important N source for the crops. The amounts of N released during the cold season (November–February) were equivalent to 27–48% of the yearly total. Regression analysis indicated that seasonal variation in N mineralization was only poorly explained by soil moisture and temperature. The changing balance during the year between soil moisture and temperature will contribute to the relatively constant N mineralization rates. Soil mineral N contents during the maize crop were high and exceeded the nutrient requirements for the optimum yield of this crop. Under the climatic conditions of the region and due to the poor development of the winter crop plants at the time, the mineral N left in the soil after the maize crop and released by mineralization during the cold season is particularly vulnerable to nitrate leaching losses.     

久保桃湿冷贮藏过程中生理生化指标的变化

研究了久保桃在温度1℃±1℃,相对湿度(RH)90%的湿冷保鲜贮藏条件下的几种生理生化指标的变化。试验结果表明,复合保鲜剂在湿冷贮藏条件下能有效地保持久保桃果实的采后品质,可明显抑制桃果实的可溶性固形物含量的增加和果实硬度的下降,降低果实褐变率,从而延缓大桃的成熟。