叶尔羌高原鳅仔鱼对盐碱的耐受性

为提高叶尔羌高原鳅仔鱼育苗成活率以及为半咸水人工驯养、增殖保护和苗种生产提供理论依据,采用盐碱毒性试验方法,进行了叶尔羌高原鳅仔鱼在不同盐碱浓度梯度下及盐碱联合的毒性试验,以探明叶尔羌高原鳅在不同盐碱度下的耐受性。结果表明:在pH 6.5~7.5、温度(20±1)℃条件下,盐度对仔鱼24h、48h、72h和96h的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为7.733 4‰、6.400 7‰、5.679 7‰和4.390 8‰,安全浓度(SC)为1.589 3‰;碱度的LC50分别为3.919 4g/L、2.741 7g/L、1.761 8g/L和1.028 1g/L,SC为0.575 4g/L;盐碱联合的LC50分别为3.897 5g/L、2.167 0g/L、1.522 7g/L和1.341 9g/L,SC为0.201 0g/L。48h碱度(Alk)LC50与盐度(S)的关系式为Alk=5.613-0.718 S,在48h内盐和碱的关系全部为协同作用,且其效应逐渐加强。     

叶尔羌高原鳅的温室大棚生态养殖技术初探

利用水葫芦和菹草开展对叶尔羌高原鳅温室大棚生态养殖技术的研究,结果表明,添加水生植物对养殖水体的温度、pH以及溶氧量均存在一定的影响。添加水生植物的各实验组间的叶尔羌高原鳅存活率不存在显著性差异(P0.05),但较对照组均存在显著性差异(P0.05);而各实验组间叶尔羌高原鳅的生长不存在显著性差异(P0.05)。该研究结果可为开展叶尔羌高原鳅生态养殖提供基础数据。     

梅花鹿Ghrelin全长cDNA克隆及其序列分析

为获得梅花鹿Ghrelin cDNA全序列,以梅花鹿皱胃黏膜上皮组织提取的总RNA为模板,通过RT-PCR和RACE法克隆了梅花鹿皱胃中Ghrelin基因cDNA的全序列。结果表明梅花鹿Ghrelin cDNA序列全长为539bp,其中5’非翻译区(5’UTR)为46bp,3’UTR为128bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为351bp,该ORF编码116个氨基酸残基。将梅花鹿Ghrelin基因的cDNA与人和其他动物的Ghrelin相比,发现:梅花鹿Ghrelin与驯鹿、山羊、绵羊和牛的同源性达90.4%~99.1%;与恒河猴、人、猪、犬的同源性达76.6%~66.9%;与鸡和野鸽的同源性分别为36.4%和35.4%。研究表明Ghrelin的结构具有明显的种属特异性,因此Ghrelin在反刍动物体内可能有着重要的生理功能。     

水鹿的分子鉴定

本试验根据线粒体D-loop区序列,设计了针对水鹿的特异性扩增引物,通过聚合酶链反应得到296bp的特异性片段,而猪、牛、羊、鸡等常见动物和其他鹿科动物均无此条带,并通过DNA测序法对扩增结果进行了验证。结果证明,该方法可靠、特异、通用、简单,可作为水鹿的一种有效的鉴定方法,在水鹿的保护工作中具有一定的作用。     

甘肃马鹿对气候变化的适应性研究

对甘州区和肃南县2处养殖场的甘肃马鹿的适应性进行了调查,从气候、土壤和适应表现三方面探讨了甘肃马鹿对气候环境的适应性。结果表明:甘肃马鹿不仅适应青藏高原山地气候,也能适应干旱荒漠气候,其生产性能、鹿茸的产量都有所提高,抗病能力增强,并提出了提高干旱荒漠区甘肃马鹿生产性能的具体措施。     

完达山林区马鹿的冬季食性

2003～2004年在黑龙江省完达山林区,根据野外啃食痕迹调查,对马鹿冬季食性进行了研究。结果表明,榆、紫椴、榛、暴马丁香、杨、黄檗是马鹿主要的冬季食物(44．31％、10．07％、7．60％、7．17％、6．56％、6．38％),组成马鹿冬季大宗食物。马鹿对榆、核桃楸、龙牙楤木、紫椴、毛接骨木、黄檗、水曲柳、狗枣猕猴桃、柳、托盘、疣枝卫矛表现出正选择。杨、榛和暴马丁香虽然是马鹿的主要食物,但相对于它们较高的可获得性而言,马鹿对它们表现出负选择。     

梅花鹿肾上腺组织学研究

取梅花鹿的肾上腺,做常规石蜡切片,进行H.E染色、组织学观察.结果表明,肾上腺的组织结构分为被膜、皮质和髓质.被膜由不规则致密结缔组织构成,其内分布有类似未分化的细胞,并偶见少量平滑肌纤维.皮质最厚,明显分为3个带,即球状带、束状带、网状带,其中束状带最厚,占皮质的绝大部分.髓质位于肾上腺中央部位,细胞排列成索状或团块状,髓质中央有一大的静脉,称为中央静脉.     

Wintering Habitat Evaluation of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) in Forest Area of Northeastern China

IntroductionTheprofessionalsworkofwildlifemanagementisatargetforpopulationmanagement,butmoreandmoreprofessionalsworkersareinterestedinthemanagementofthewildlifehabitat(Belley,1984).ItisoneofessentiafworksforustoappraisehabitatwiththescientificmanagementontheReddeerpopulation.Soitisusefultoconservation,developmentandutilizationoftheReddeerinananimal'sperspective.Sincethe1970'smanyscientistshavebeenstudyingthehabitatevaluationfordeer.Severalmodelsandmethodssuchasthelineardiagram,thematrixmodel…     

Wintering habitat evaluation of Red deer (Cervus elaphus) in forest area of Northeastern China

Six ultimate factors (forage abundance, horizontal sheltering class, distance from human disturbance, snow depth, tree coverage, and edge effect) of Red deer (Cervus elaphus) were investigated in eastern Heilongjiang Province during winter from 1988 to 1991. On the basis of analysis of field data, we evaluated winter habitat conditions of Red deer. The results showed as follows: the wintering habitat quality of Red deer in poplar-birch stands was excellent in the Wanda Mountains, and was moderate in shrub-woods and Korean pine seed stands. According to habitat index (HI) values, the habitat quality in poplar-birch stands (HI=0.8185) was superior to that in shrub-woods (HI=0.4825) and in Korean pine seed stands (HI=0.4385). The wintering habitat quality of Red deer in the Wanda Mountains was superior to that of Dailing Forestry Region. According to the current situations of forestry areas in northeastern China, strengthening habitat management was important for the conservation and management of Red deer population in the next decades. This subject is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province. (Responsible Editor: Zhu Hong)