虾青素对锦鲤血液及抗氧化指标的影响

以初始体重为(7.31±0.12)g的红白锦鲤幼鱼为试验对象,研究虾青素不同添加量(0、100、400、700、1 000、1 300、1 600 mg.kg-1)对锦鲤血液和免疫指标的影响。每组设3个平行,每个平行饲养10尾鱼,表观饱食投喂60 d。结果表明,在饲料中添加700~1 600 mg.kg-1(X3~X6组)虾青素,可显著提高锦鲤血红蛋白含量和红细胞数,在此范围对谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活力无显著影响,添加700 mg.kg-1(X3组)虾青素,可以显著提高锦鲤血糖(GLU)含量,同时,碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性显著高于对照组。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力在虾青素添加量为400 mg.kg-(1X2组)时,显著低于对照组和除100 mg.kg-(1X1组)外的其他试验组(P<0.05)。添加虾青素没有对锦鲤乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)产生影响。上述研究说明,在饲料中添加虾青素可提高锦鲤免疫功能,综合经济效益角度建议,饲料中虾青素的适宜添加量为700 mg.kg-1。     

中国淡水鱼类单极虫病的研究Ⅰ.河南信阳鲤鱼单极虫病的研究

1993年作者对河南信阳市南湾水库网箱养殖鲤鱼肠道单极虫病进行了系统研究。该地区发病率高达 90 %以上 ,发病鲤鱼肠壁上寄生了大量单极虫孢囊 ,破坏肠道组织 ,吸收鱼体营养 ,病鱼失去光泽 ,体色呈暗黑色 ,肠管呈紫红色 ,充满脓血粘液 ,大型孢囊集中在中、后肠 ,孢囊形态大多为椭球形 ,最大个体为 4 .5× 2 .5cm ,肠管膨大一倍以上 ,肠壁变薄 ,肠道完全被堵塞 ,停止进食而死亡。经比较研究 ,该病原体被定为信阳单极虫新种 (Thelohanellusxinyangensissp .nov .)。作者对感染和未感染鲤鱼血清进行了免疫试验 ,发现病鲤血清蛋白带比未感染粘孢子虫鲤鱼血清多 5— 7条 ,该血清与单极虫孢子经交叉免疫电泳发生沉淀反应 ,表明病鲤血清具有特异性抗体产生。作者在病鲤血液中还发现“未明血液生物体”(UBO) ,对肝、肠组织亦进行了病理学研究     

液相色谱-三重四级杆复合线性离子阱质谱法分析恩诺沙星在鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)中的代谢产物

采用液相色谱-三重四级杆复合线性离子阱质谱(HPLC/Q-TRAP MS),在正离子检测模式下,对鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)腹腔注射恩诺沙星给药后肝脏中的代谢产物进行分析.根据保留时间和各色谱峰质谱裂解规律,推测了恩诺沙星在鲤鱼肝脏中的代谢产物,同时,根据二级质谱碎片离子推测代谢途径及代谢产物结构.结果显示,恩诺沙星进入鲤鱼肝脏后,除以恩诺沙星原形药物(M0)和N-去乙基代谢产物环丙沙星(M2)形式存在外,还有少量恩诺沙星脱羧代谢产物(M1)和恩诺沙星羟基化代谢产物(M3-1和M3-2).该研究可为深入了解恩诺沙星在水生动物体内代谢产物及代谢机理提供理论基础,为在水产养殖生产中科学、合理地使用恩诺沙星提供参考.     

有效微生物制剂(EM)对建鲤肠道菌群及其蛋白酶和肝胰脏蛋白酶活性的影响

本实验以有效微生物制剂(Effective Microorganisms, 简称EM)作为饲料添加剂饲养建鲤。45d后对建鲤肠道菌群和蛋白酶活性进行研究,结果发现:EM对饲养后的建鲤肠道菌群有明显的改善,实验组乳酸菌比对照组分别增加了125.10％、345.19％和488.50％。大肠杆菌比对照组分别减少了82.01％、92.45％和90.57％,定植效果良好;实验组的肠道蛋白酶活性比对照组高,分别提高6.18％、9.38％和17.70％。添加2％、4％EM的实验组的肝胰脏蛋白酶活性与对照组相近,而添加6％的实验组其肝胰脏蛋白酶活性比对照组提高5.78％,实验组建鲤生长加快,饵料系数比对照组分别降低了1.35％、7.74％和22.90％。     

Computer-assisted image analysis in the evaluation of fish wounding by cormorant [Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis (L.)] attacks

Fish that have escaped from a cormorant’s (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis (L.)) grasp and/or which could not be swallowed due to their size suffer from various injuries resulting in consecutive infections and subsequent increased mortality. Computer-assisted image analysis was applied to describe the extent of such injuries. Two-year-old mirror carp, Cyprinus carpio L. (TL 200–300 mm, W 200–300 g) showed injuries ranging over approximately 10% of the total body surface. Immediately after wounding, the damaged epithelium (scars) cover 5–35%, and deeper subdermal wounds caused by the beak tip pervading into muscle tissue cover an area of 1–2% of the total body surface. On the side impacted by the cormorant’s lower mandible, extensive areas of epidermal contusions (scars) occur. As time progresses, these ratios change—deeper necroses represent up to 10% of the total body surface and healing epithelial scars comprise just 1–2%. In wounded silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Val. (300–400 mm, W 500–700 g), the share of subdermal wounds usually does not exceed 0.5% due to their compact scaly cover. During pond draining due to fish harvesting, the size spectrum of wounded fish increases and may also often include bigger fish (e.g., European catfish, Silurus glanis L.) up to 2.2 kg.     

高寒鲤含肉率及肌肉营养成份的分析

本对高寒鲤含肉率、肌肉营养成份及氨基酸含量进行了测定，为制定出高寒鲤种质标准，提供参数。高寒鲤含肉率为61．70％，肌肉营养成份中水分为77．24％，蛋白质为17．59％，脂肪为2．58％，灰份为1．25％。用氨基酸自动分析仪测定了18种氨基酸含量，结果是：18种氨基酸总量为17．38％，8种必需氨基酸及2种半必需氨基酸总量为8．46％，4种鲜味氨基酸总量为7．03％。并与兴国红鲤、青鱼、青草、鲢鱼、鳙鱼、虹鳟的肌肉营养物质含量进行对比分析，结果表明：高寒鲤肌肉脂肪、灰份低于虹鳟鱼，高于其他几种鱼；水份高于虹鳟鱼，低于其他几种鱼。     

鲫鱼苗培育翘嘴鳜早苗技术及效益分析

长江中下游地区对翘嘴鳜早苗需求大,但存在缺少适时、适口活饵的问题。本文总结了鲫鱼苗培育翘嘴鳜早苗技术,从成本投入、产出情况、经济效益等方面分析了养殖效果。翘嘴鳜早苗培育试验期间总产值是总投入的2.2倍,净利润达344 020元/hm²,效益是常规淡水鱼类苗种培育的5～8倍。以鲫鱼苗为活饵培育翘嘴鳜早苗模式是养殖户增产、增收的好方式,应用前景良好,值得进一步推广应用。     

Olive barb, Puntius sarana (Hamilton) is a potential candidate species for introduction into the grow-out carp polyculture system

The compatibility of olive barb, Puntius sarana (Hamilton) with major carps was studied in grow-out carp polyculture system for one year in a set of nine earthen ponds of 0.08 ha each. Three different species combinations evaluated were Control: catla (Catla catla Ham.), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Valenciennes), rohu (Labeo rohita Hamilton) and mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala Hamilton) at 0.5:0.5:1:1; T1: catla, silver carp, rohu and olive barb at 0.5:0.5:1:1 and T2: catla, silver carp, mrigal and olive barb at 0.5:0.5:1:1 at combined density of 7500 fingerlings/ha. While survival levels of the carps did not differ significantly in treatments (P > 0.05), silver carp recorded highest survival levels (94–96%) followed by olive barb (87–90%), mrigal (72–74%), rohu (72–73%) and catla (67–69%). The specific growth rate (SGR) and average harvested body weight (ABW) of catla and silver carp did not differ significantly among the treatments revealing their competition with mrigal or olive barb to be minimum. In absence of rohu in T2, both mrigal and olive barb showed higher SGR and ABW revealing minimal competition between these two species, while their lower performance in presence of rohu in Control and T1 indicated inter-specific competition with the latter. Such olive barb–rohu inter-specific competition, however, failed to yield significant effect on growth of rohu as revealed from its non-significant SGR difference in presence and absence of olive barb. The lower FCR (2.54 ± 0.06) and higher treatment biomass production (3418.4 ± 95.0 kg ha^− 1 year^− 1) in T1 with rohu–olive barb combination compared to T2 with mrigal–olive barb (2.84 ± 0.11; 3155.1 ± 104.7 kg ha^− 1 year^− 1) indicated feasibility and advantage of culturing rohu with olive barb rather than mrigal in carp polyculture. Further, similar biomass production in Control and T1 also indicated feasibility of replacing mrigal with olive barb in the grow-out carp polyculture system.     

在饲料中添加柑橘或甜橙外果皮对鲤鱼诱食作用的比较研究

在基础饵料中不同量（０．０５％、０．１％、０．２５％、０．５％、１％、３％）的柑橘或甜橙外果皮,用记录仪记录鲤鱼啄咬饵料球的频率和力。表明,柑橘和甜橙外果皮是２种新的鲤鱼诱食物物质,而且二者对鲤诱食作用的效果基本相同,其适宜添加量分别为０．２５％或０．１％。     

黄河鲤谷胱甘肽对氨氮胁迫的生理响应

[目的]研究氨氮对鲤幼鱼肝组织谷胱甘肽及其酶系的影响,阐析谷胱甘肽对环境胁迫的抗氧化防御机理.[方法]将黄河鲤在对照组(0 mg/L)和低(10 mg/L)、中(20 mg/L)、高(30 mg/L)3个氨氮处理组中染毒,研究氨氮胁迫6、24和48h后对肝组织中谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)活性的影响.[结果]氨氮胁迫诱导黄河鲤幼鱼肝组织中GSH含量、GSH-Px和GST活性迅速升高,并在氨氮胁迫24h达到最大值,从而抵御氨氮造成的氧化胁迫.随着氨氮胁迫时间的延长,肝组织中GSH含量、GSH-Px和GST活性降低,抗氧化能力减弱.[结论]氨氮胁迫诱导黄河鲤幼鱼肝组织中谷胱甘肽含量及其酶系活性改变,以有效清除细胞中的活性氧和有毒代谢物,提高鱼类对环境的适应性.